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Background: The current study was a phase 1 clinical trial conducted with patients who had recurrent or progressive malignant glioma (MG). The trial was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and toxicity of irinotecan (CPT-11) when administered with temozolomide (TMZ) and O(6)-benzylguanine (O(6)-BG).Methods: All 3 drugs, CPT-11, TMZ, and O(6)-BG, were administered on Day 1 of a 21-day treatment. First, patients were treated with a 1-hour bolus infusion of O(6)-BG at a dose of 120 mg/m(2) followed immediately by a 48-hour continuous infusion of O(6)-BG at a dose of 30 mg/m(2)/d. Second, within 60 minutes of the end of the 1-hour bolus infusion of O(6)-BG, TMZ was administered orally at a dose of 355 mg/m(2). Third, 1 hour after administration of TMZ, CPT-11 was infused over 90 minutes. Patients were accrued to 1 of 2 strata based on CYP3A1- and CYP3A4-inducing antiepileptic drug (EIAED) use; dose escalation was conducted independently within these strata.Results: Fifty-five patients were enrolled. In both strata, the dose-limiting toxicities were hematologic and included grade 4 neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, leukopenia, and/or thrombocytopenia. For Stratum 1 (EIAEDs), when TMZ was administered at a dose of 355 mg/m(2), the MTD of CPT-11 was determined to be 120 mg/m(2). In contrast, for Stratum 2 (no EIAEDs), when TMZ was administered at a dose of 200 mg/m(2), the MTD of CPT-11 was determined to be 80 mg/m(2).Conclusions: The authors believe that the results of the current study provide the foundation for a phase 2 trial of O(6)-BG in combination with CPT-11 and TMZ in patients with MG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]