1. Counter-intuitive plasma vitamin D and zinc status in HIV-1-infected adults with persistent low-level viraemia after treatment initiation: a pilot case-control study.
- Author
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Melliez, H., Duhamel, A., Robineau, O., Bocket, L., Kim, I., Sauser, E., Loiseleur, F., Viget, N., Pasquet, A., Senneville, E., and Seguy, D.
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VIREMIA , *HIV-positive persons , *VITAMIN D , *ANTIRETROVIRAL agents , *ZINC in the body , *CD4 lymphocyte count , *HEALTH of adults , *HEALTH - Abstract
Determinants of persistent low-level viraemia [PLLV, a viral load (VL) of between 50 and 500 copies/mL] have not been elucidated. In a case-control study, we evaluated the influence of micronutrients on PLLV in a population of 454 HIV-1 adults having initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) between January 2007 and December 2011. Plasma levels of retinol (vitamin A), 25-OH vitamin D + D, vitamin E and zinc were measured at ART initiation in cases (PLLV after 6 months of ART) and in controls (VL <50 copies/mL after 6 months). Cases and controls were matched for the CD4 cell count (±50/mm) and ethnic origin. Intergroup differences in demographic, biological and treatment parameters and sunshine intensity at ART initiation were adjusted using a propensity score. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess intergroup differences in plasma micronutrient levels. Thirty-three of the 454 patients (7.3%) displayed PLLV (median VL: 92 copies/mL). Patients were predominantly male (89%), Caucasian (64%) and CDC stage C (25%). The median age was 38 years, the median initial VL was 5.2 log copies/mL and the median CD4 count was 74/mm. The 22 cases and matched controls were balanced in these respects, and had similar vitamin A/E levels. Two cases (9%) and 9 controls (41%) had a vitamin D level <10.3 ng/mL ( p = 0.0015), and 2 cases (9%) and 10 controls (48%) had a zinc level <74.6 μg/dL ( p = 0.04). Our results support in vitro studies suggesting that vitamin D favours HIV-1 replication and that HIV-1 is zinc-dependent. Wide-scale, prospective studies are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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