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These excerpts are in dialogue with the work of raúl rodríguez freire, especially with his books La condición intelectual. Informe para una academia (Santiago de Chile, Mimesis, 2018); La universidad sin atributos (Santiago de Chile, Macul, 2020); La forma como ensayo. Crítica ficción teoría (Adrogué, La Cebra, 2020); Ficciones de la ley (Santiago de Chile, Mimesis, 2022); La naturaleza de las humanidades. Para una vida bajo otro clima (Ed. raúl rodríguez freire, Santiago de Chile, Mimesis, 2022). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the wide range of terms used by the ancient Greeks to refer to the slave, for decades the Hellenists will interpret this lack of precision as a characteristic of the untidy Greek conception of slavery, making it directly difficult for the same scholars to examine. modern. With the work of Detlef Lotze (1930-2018) in the middle of the last century, however, this plurality of concepts around the slave begins to be interpreted as an indication of the complexity with which slavery is conceived and applied in the Greek world, the which, finally, would consist of heterogeneous forms of subjection and not a universally defined and exercised institution. The concepts «slavery-dependence» and «slaverymerchandise », thus, acquire relevance to identify the necessary difference between a form of slavery where the slave manages the production process, and another where he participates only as a material element of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fascination of Latin American modernism for 19th century French fashion merchandise has been widely addressed in literary theory. Texts filled with diverse cultural materials, textures and objects configured a poetics of the bazaar that became part of a series of strategies through which Latin American literature defined and linked itself to hegemonic aesthetics of the 19th century. The poems and chronicles of Cuban writer Julián del Casal (1863-1893) are no exception; this proliferation of merchandise reveals how the gaze and the images become configured as empty fictions, filled by a cosmopolitan desire. This feature, tied to the function and configuration of images in Cuban modernism, makes possible an anachronical reading of the presence of State merchandise at the other end of the century: Antonio José Ponte's decadent reality in post-Soviet Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of periodic fairs/markets -- that were supported by a protective legal regime during the 16th and 18th centuries -- in Wallachia and Moldova was demanded by the necessity of villages and cities to source products both locally and from foreign fairs through the aid of merchants. Fairs were often arranged around monasteries or princely courts in Wallachia. Permission to organize such fairs was conditioned by the ability to generate an advantageous profit and by their placement which had to be in the proximity of important commerce roads or large production centers and the organization had to be renewed annually by the ruler of the country. The 19th century brought novel economic and structural perspectives with regards to the development of cities. The supply and demand of products increased at the same rate as the city's population, bringing about an increased diversity in shops and markets as an attempt to solve the problem of stocking. Fairs continue to be organized because of the social and information-based functions that were complementary to its commercial component. The fair, as an organized space, polarized attention, submerging its participants within a strong, sensorial flux of information (olfactory, gustatory, etc.). It was a place of exchanges for those interested in understanding a particular area beyond its socio-geographical aspect, a place where economic, social, and artistic knowledge was perpetually disseminated. In this atmosphere of celebration, those who came to the fair noticed the existence of a reality that had previously been unknown to them. This alternate reality quickly adhered to the memory of visitors and was subsequently retold, upon returning home, under the generic phrase: "I saw [it] at the fair!". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The information on the commercial exchange of agri-food goods that takes place in Mexico is compiled through the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) which registers the Foreign Trade Statistics of Mexico (ECEM), whose information allows decision-making in commercial matters and financial. However, a method has not been developed to validate the imported and exported volume data of commercial operations through a customs agent, so there is an over-registration of the data. Therefore, the proposal to establish a validation method for agri-food imports and exports considering the volumes by tariff fraction and unit of measure, as well as the incoterms, to generate a specific record will allow obtaining more reliable information, which will be of interest to the decision-making of the actors involved in foreign trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is a vital source for both human and biological living. Today, water management and conservation, not only both in developing countries but also in and the developed countries ones, has is of great importance. In the traditional economy, water is not considered as a productive factor in the national accounts; however, but in reality, water is the primary factor in many direct and indirect goods and services. To evaluate the effect of growth in the added value of agriculture, industry and electricity sectors on the added value of water sector in the Mazandaran province, coefficients of ARDL model were estimated using the Micro fit software. The extended Dickey-Fuller unit root test was used for the statistical test of variables. The static test of variables showed that all variables were significant at the 95% confidence level and were also consistent with the theory. A 1% increase (decrease) in the added value of industry and electricity resulted in the increase of 0.54 % and 0.39 %, respectively, increase (decrease) in the added value of the water sector, respectively. Also, 1% increase (decrease) in the added value of the agricultural sector caused in a 0.54% increase (decrease) in the added value of the water sector. Industry and electricity sectors affected the added value of water sector more than agriculture. In the long-term, the growth of the added value of the industry sector had the greatest impact on the growth of the added value of water sector. Based on the results, controlling water use in agriculture, industry and electricity sectors increases increased the effects of the added value of these sectors on the added value of the water sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the first two titles of the classic 90s adventure game series The Secret of Monkey Island, created by LucasArts (then LucasFilm Games). Almost 30 years later, we still wonder what is the secret of Monkey Island? The community of players mostly agrees that it has to do with the Disneyland theme parks. This comparison is inherent in this text, through analyses of movement, walking, merchandise and attractions. We will study space in the first two Monkey Island games while articulating game studies with capitalism and urbanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper intends to show the binding relationship that exists in the mode of capitalist production between merchandise, value and profit, as its basic categories, and politics as an artificially separated sphere of society. This is intended to reveal, on the one hand, the false appearance of the autonomy of politics in these societies, and on the other the illusory forms of democracy that accompany it, because the demands of value turned capital prevail above any social, political, moral, aesthetic or religious considerations. Since objective possibilities of gaining surplus value and profitability due to capital overaccumulation are currently stuck, there is a corresponding decline in the democratic realizations --and especially in the options of reformism-- in the political sphere, as the latter manifests itself as an expression of the law of value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transport systems face the need to increase the capacity of moving materials and goods, while reducing the costs generated in this process. Also transport is an essential function for the operation of any business. However it can be very costly one, if not optimized. To reduce transport costs, knowledge of and action on the factors influencing the transport costst, is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the relationships between young punk and indie musicians and the merchandise that they produce. Three interlinking analytic distinctions are made in this article of the young musicians' motivations to make merchandise: building symbolic capital; building economic capital; and serious play. We propose that DIY merchandising entails the construction of an ethical and authentic self through the social gravity of a deeply invested illusio. The research takes place in the DIY music scene of Newcastle, a large regional town on the east coast of Australia. The participants play in punk and indie bands; however, there is a diversity of merchandising practices within the group, highlighting the fluid and complex boundaries of contemporary punk practices. The forms of experimentation, negotiation and strategy encountered illustrate how these meaningful forms of labour are important to struggles about identity and authenticity. Developing and honing merchandise-related skills as a form of 'serious play' has facilitated pathways towards self-employment for several of the participants. For this reason, this article draws attention to the diverse applications for expertise in merchandising, manifesting not only in the music scene but in various fields of social life. These circumstances illustrate interesting sociological developments in youth music scenes regarding music-related practices, employment transitions, labour and the transferring of capitals. The social relationships involved in merchandising are analytically explored using a Bourdieusian framework that considers punk as a social practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The so-called "Atrium House" in Aguntum represents an outstanding intra-urban building. Because of its Hellenistic-Roman construction type this housing complex is unique within the alpine region during the Roman Period. The results of archaeological and archaeozoological analysesdonotonlyreflectthehighsocialstatusoftheinhabitantsofthisbuilding, butdoalsopoint to diachronic changes in their relationship to Roman Culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myths have no longer a transcendental role since they have become related to the idea of progress (continuous change) and its legitimation in a consumer's society. In order to respond - discursively- to the development conditions of market, myths have turn into mere scenarios to display merchandise. This paper explains some discursive ways myth has achived in order to provide sense for material, spatial and temporary limits of market societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artisanal production has often been interpreted as being characterized by the cultural and social singularity of producers, an approach that has given it an important place in ethnonarratives that speak of the particularity of certain groups and their worldviews. This essay proposes examining these objects from a distinct perspective –stereoscopically– by seeing them as ethnomerchandise. On the one hand, this entails undertaking an analysis of the processes through which the image that accompanies artisanal products when they are offered in tourist markets or to museums and collections is produced; processes understood here as involving over-fetishization. On the other, our approach demands understanding the profound link between ethnomerchandise with its producers and the dynamics of capital; the same link that the very appearance of the objects seems to conceal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is growing evidence that young people own alcohol-branded merchandise (ABM), and that ownership influences their drinking intentions and behaviours. However, there is a paucity of research on parents' knowledge or attitudes in relation to ownership of ABM. Study 1 (n = 210) identified high levels of ownership of ABM and associations between ABM and drinking attitudes and behaviours. In Study 2, focus groups with Australian parents found that they were aware of ABM -- and many had items of ABM in their home--but they had generally not engaged in consideration of the potential impact on their children. They clearly perceived ABM as advertising and, on reflection, acknowledged that this form of marketing may influence children's decisions about drinking. There is a need to raise parental awareness of the effects of ABM and to endeavour to reduce children's exposure to this influential form of alcohol marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the smuggling and its audit in Chile. This addresses the following subjects: kinds of smuggling, audit of smuggling, extension zone and logistical support, major achievements of Customs 2010, origin of smuggled merchandise, Agreements of Basel and CITES, risk management, and tax and customs courts of Chile. We conclude that Customs does not eliminate smuggling, but decreases it, when the techniques for the identification of this crime are refined. It remains to fight through more effective mechanisms to identify these cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we formulate the hypothesis that the Canary Islands, as Europe's southern border, must develop an important role in African markets, in a context of increasing internationalization. Because of the general interest in this issue within the social sciences, to address it from the geographic analysis is required. This study is based, on the one hand, on statistics provided by Spanish government agencies such as the National Statistics Institute, the Canary Institute of Statistics, the State Tax Administration Agency and the Institute of Foreign Trade and, on the other hand, by international entities such as the United Nations Conference for Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

he article compares two diferent cultural meanings of land property: the modern one, developed in Western societies in the context of modernization, and the traditional one, which still prevails to some extent in Romanian villages. I argue that in the traditional environment of Romanian villages, land was rather the collective property of groups (mostly or families), regarded less as merchandise to be sold or bought and more as a survival mean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to develop a brief reflection about the meaning of fetish in the economic theory and its implications to the economic thought itself. Based on the Marxist categorization of the phenomenon, the text seek to explore summarily and critically some elements of the moral philosophy on the interpretation of the predominant reality of economic science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents research on the production and trade of the gem stone amber from Chiapas, Mexico and discusses the social and cultural networks that emerge from this capitalist political economy system. The research looks at the amber trade from its place of origin in Chiapas to its sale at the Tucson Gem Show in Tucson, Arizona, analyzing amber production, circulation, and consumption. In its methodological approach, the article examines the local aspects of production and trade as well as implications on the global level as the amber trade crosses the U.S.-Mexico border, incorporating the concepts of transnationalism and globalization.

The article presents displays an analysis of the system of transport of load in the City of Mexico, from the systemic point of view considering economic, political, technical and social the variables that allow including understand the problematic one that at the moment faces in the mobility of merchandise in the City. It is a reflection of multidisciplinary character based on the qualitative method to explain and to include/understand the present situation of the transport of load in Mexico, within the context of the economic globalization to identify the deep nature of the dynamic structure of the transport of load in the City and the new form conceptualize to the transport of merchandise. One studies the behavior of the flows and infrastructure, of the road networks, the urban characteristics, the legal instruments in the policies of the transport, the problematic one of the load transport, as well as mobility and the different problems that the sector in relation to the city faces. The primary target of present article is to enunciate the reasons for which a system of articulated transport does not exist and the use of the load motor transport is privileged. Finally, according to the diverse analyzed variables one settles down in the conclusions that the analysis and the planning of the transports must be multi and interdisciplinary by nature with an integral vision to establish a balance between the transport ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is surprising to discover that there is no such a thing as a universally recognised definition of the term 'money'. It is impossible to find a suitable explanation of the nature of money that comprises all its functions and characteristics. This paper seeks to show that money, first and foremost is a right. Considered thus, it allows us to clarify some of the puzzling issues pertaining to it. There is enough consensuses regarding the reasons behind the appearance of money, but the question that must be asked is how it arose. From this staring point we must then explain where its functions and characteristics derive from, and how it relates to the passage of time. Arising from the experience derived from dealing with money, it has been attempted to arrive at an intelligible explanation of the nature of money, in such a way that what we find in the real economy, in industry and in the money and financial markets might be justified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work a reading of the Argentinean period is presented denominated "menemismo" from two axes: the ideology concept, starting from the contributions of Voloshinov, Althusser and Zizek and from the lacanian notion of "enjoyment". A style where the law absence, as consequence of the trasgresión of government's system, a society that doesn't find a significant anchorage easily takes place. At the same time, it is analyzed how this produces a society that doesn't find a significant to give cohesion to its symbolical and identified universe, ending to organize at themselves around of consume objets. From this place it is thinks about the consumption objects as objects fetishes starting from the categories Marxist and Freudian and concludes in that the corruption like means to exercise the government should not only be seen as an ethical topic but also, as an institutional and ideological topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transport systems face the need to increase the capacity of moving materials and goods, while reducing the costs generated in this process. Also transport is an essential function for the operation of any business. However it can be very costly one, if not optimized. To reduce transport costs, knowledge of and action on the factors influencing the transport costs, is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]