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BACKGROUND The relation of positive orientation (a basic predisposition to think positively of oneself, one’s life and one’s future) and personality traits is still disputable. The purpose of the described research was to verify the hypothesis that positive orientation has predictive efficiency beyond the five-factor model. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE One hundred and thirty participants (at the mean age M = 24.84) completed the following questionnaires: the Self-Esteem Scale (SES), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), the Positivity Scale (P-SCALE), the NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), the Self-Concept Clarity Scale (SCC), the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and the Life Engagement Test (LET). RESULTS The introduction of positive orientation as an additional predictor in the second step of regression analyses led to better prediction of the following variables: purpose in life, self-concept clarity and generalized self-efficacy. This effect was the strongest for predicting purpose in life (i.e. 14% increment of the explained variance). CONCLUSIONS The results confirmed our hypothesis that positive orientation can be characterized by incremental validity – its inclusion in the regression model (in addition to the five main factors of personality) increases the amount of explained variance. These findings may provide further evidence for the legitimacy of measuring positive orientation and personality traits separately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between positive orientation (PO) defined as a basic predisposition to perceive and evaluate positive aspects of life, the future and oneself and the Five-Factor Model of personality (FFM). Hypotheses postulated positive correlations between PO and extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness; a negative correlation was predicted between PO and neuroticism. Two hundred Polish students completed the following measures: SES (Self-Esteem Scale, Rosenberg), SWLS (The Satisfaction with Life Scale; Diener, Emmons, Larson & Griffin), LOT-R (The Life Orientation Test - Revised; Scheier, Carver & Bridges) and NEOFFI (NEO Five Factor Inventory, Costa & McCrae). The results confirmed correlations between PO and extraversion, conscientiousness, and neuroticism; correlations with openness and agreeableness were not supported. According to canonical correlations, PO shows a clear affinity to the FFM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present three studies aimed to identify the adaptive properties of self-concept and to develop a brief questionnaire to measure them. In the first study, we identified five basic facets of adaptive self-concept (ASC): clarity, non-ruminative self-awareness, self-distance, openness to self-relevant information, and modifiability of the self-concept. The second study confirmed the five-factor structure of the ASC. In the third study, we tested relationships between ASC's facets and hedonic, eudaimonic, and social well-being, self-regulation and emotional regulation. We also tested the dependence of the ASC on personality traits. The results showed that ASC features are strongly related to optimal functioning in its various manifestations. ASC's facets are also moderately dependent on personality traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the studies was to investigate the relationship between adaptive features of self-concept and facets of dispositional mindfulness. We assumed that the strong self-concept is a crucial factor enhancing optimal functioning. Accordingly, we hypothesized that adaptive features of self-concept predict the general factor of dispositional mindfulness. We conducted two studies using four measures of mindfulness (FFMQ, MAAS, AAQ, and MEAQ) and the Adaptive Self-Concept Questionnaire (ASCQ). To explore the complex relationships between mindfulness and adaptive self-concept canonical correlation analysis was performed (N = 134; 78% females; age: M = 30.99, SD = 10.27). We found that variance shared by three features of adaptive self-concept (i.e. clarity, self-distance, and non-rumination) is strongly related to general factors of mindfulness and experiential acceptance. To evaluate alternative models depicting different patterns of relationships between these variables the structural equation modeling approach was applied (N = 162; 65% females; age: M = 27.24, SD = 9.76). Adaptive self-concept significantly predicted the latent variable representing variance shared by mindfulness and experiential acceptance. Overall, the results confirmed our hypothesis and suggest that adaptive self-concept may be a basis for a high dispositional mindfulness. We discuss this possibility in light of a metacognitive model of mindfulness. • The relationship between mindfulness and self-concept has been poorly explored. • Adaptive self-concept means clarity of self-beliefs, non-rumination, self-distance. • Canonical correlation showed that adaptive self-concept predicts mindfulness. • Structural equation analysis confirmed this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

background: Positive orientation (PO) is a hidden variable explaining a tendency to formulate global evaluations regarding one's self, life and the future. It is inherited to a large degree and it could be considered a common base for numerous aspects of subjective well-being. The self-concept, in turn, is a basic adaptation formed during individual experiences that is responsible for adjustment. The primary aim of the current study was to verify hypotheses about the significant relationship between PO and a "core self" (high self-concept clarity, low self-esteem contingency, low self-rumination), as well as the meditational role of the "core self" in the relation between PO and hedonic balance. participants and procedure: A group of 200 participants completed several measures referring to PO, self-concept and emotions. results: The canonical correlation analysis revealed PO to be a strong predictor of the adaptive features of the self-concept. Moreover, the tested models suggest that (1) self-concept clarity is a significant mediator between PO and hedonic balance, and (2) PO directly predicts only self-concept clarity, whereas its relations with self-esteem contingency and rumination are mediated by the self-knowledge structure. conclusions: These findings indicate that PO is an important and independent factor enhancing adaptive features of the self-concept structure as well as well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]