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Acute appendicitis (AA) is one of the most common non-obstetric indications for surgery in pregnant women. Even though it can present with a typical set of symptoms, in pregnancy due to the physiological and anatomical changes, an atypical presentation is more common. This makes the diagnosis of AA very complicated and it requires additional exams which include a blood work, CRP and imaging studies. Since leucocytosis and increased levels of CRP are physiological finding in pregnancy, those tests are not very helpful. MRI is the best imaging test in this situation, but its availability is limited. The treatment is surgical, and it includes two approaches: open appendectomy (OA) or laparoscopic appendectomy (LA). Even though many studies that predilect OA can be found, recent discoveries indicate that there is no statistically significant difference in the risk for the mother and foetus between the two approaches. Some studies introduce a non-operative approach as a valuable substitution for a surgical approach in case of AA especially in the areas where surgical care is limited or unavailable. AA in pregnancy is a condition that must be recognized and treated as soon as possible in order to avoid severe complications for the mother and the child. This review gives an integral approach to a pregnant woman with appendicitis, and it's based on the latest published literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this case report is to present a case with multiple rare laryngocele complications. Case review: This case report follows a 71-year-old female patient with multiple complications following the formation of a laryngocele. The patient first arrives at the Otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery clinic in February 2008 and undergoes a tracheotomy for acute epiglottitis. A year later, the patient returns to the clinic complaining about odynophagia and dysphagia. A diagnosis of parapharyngeal abscess is made and the patient is treated with incision and drainage. In 2010 the patient is re-hospitalized for a neck formation and a diagnostic procedure is initiated. A few days later, the patient is discharged, but soon returns to the hospital dyspnoeic. Magnetic resonance imaging of the neck is performed, and a diagnosis of laryngocele is made. The patient undergoes surgical extirpation of the laryngocele. Conclusion: The patient in this case has an interesting combination of rare complications which makes this case worth representing. Firstly, we assume that this patient has developed a laryngocele following a tracheostomy. We were able to find only one case of post-tracheostomy laryngocele formation in the literature. Secondly, the laryngocele caused this patient a life threating airway obstruction which is in itself a very rare complication. We can speculate that an earlier diagnosis and treatment could have saved the patient of all the complication she had, and we hope this case can contribute to lower the incidence of laryngocele complications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]