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Leukoaraiosis (LA) appears as white matter hyperintensities on T2-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging scans. Age and hypertension are considered the primary risk factors for LA, but its pathogenesis remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and LA. A total of 140 patients with LA and 136 neuroimaging alteration-free controls were recruited in a case–control study. ACE I/D polymorphism was determined using the polymerase chain reaction method. The allele and genotype distributions of the ACE I/D polymorphism were significantly different between subjects with and without LA. Significant difference was observed in the genotypic distribution between LA patients and controls for recessive and additive models. A statistically significant association remained apparent after adjusting for potential risk factors (D/D vs. I/D + I/I: adjusted OR 3.251, 95% CI 1.185–8.918; D/D vs. I/I: adjusted OR 3.277, 95% CI 1.187–9.047). Our results indicate that the D/D genotype and D allele are important risk factors for LA. Future studies with larger populations are needed to validate our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibacterial photocatalytic therapy (APCT) is one of the most promising non‐antibiotic treatment strategies for biofilm‐infected wounds and inflammation caused by drug‐resistant bacteria. However, it still faces issues such as inadequate single antibacterial capacity and lack of antioxidant capacity. In this study, a Z‐scheme heterojunction (Bi2S3‐X@PDA) is designed using a polydopamine (PDA) shell firmly anchored to the surface of sulfur vacancy‐rich bismuth sulfide nanorods (Bi2S3‐X NRs). Under near‐infrared light and hydrogen peroxide, Bi2S3‐X@PDA significantly improves the photocatalytic efficiency of reactive oxygen species generation and shows a nearly 100% broad‐spectrum antibacterial effect against multiple bacterial strains and bacterial biofilms in vitro. Interestingly, the antioxidant activity of the PDA shell in Bi2S3‐X@PDA remarkably downregulates the expression of pro‐inflammatory factors and promotes macrophage reprogramming toward the proregenerative M2 phenotype. In a mouse wound model of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infection, Bi2S3‐X@PDA effectively eliminates drug‐resistant bacterial biofilms through APCT/mild photothermal therapy, while reducing inflammation in normal tissues and regulating the immune microenvironment, thereby promoting rapid wound healing. Overall, this light‐controlled treatment strategy, which provides both antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory functions, is a reliable tool for combating biofilm infection and inflammation caused by drug‐resistant bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ride-sourcing services have become increasingly vital in meeting on-demand mobility needs. However, safety issues and public health concerns are obstacles for passengers' trust in ride-sourcing service providers. In this paper, we propose a stochastic evolutionary dynamic game approach to modeling and managing the ride-sourcing market with limited platform reputation, and interpret some intriguing phenomena in terms of passengers' and drivers' travel behavior, e.g. survivor bias, reciprocity, and tragedy of the commons. A stochastic state dynamic game model is formulated to capture complicated interactions among three games/states, i.e. trust game, complaint game, and rating-based game. The stationary distribution of each state and transitional probabilities are deducted from the stochastic game theory. We analyze the ride-sourcing system's evolution and reveal its intrinsic mechanism based on the model. We found that, if the governmental support for complaints is inadequate and passengers bear the high complaint costs, drivers will be more inclined to compensate passengers privately (i.e. reciprocity) to escape punishment for unqualified service. As a result, the service quality will deteriorate in the long run. To prevent the deterioration of service quality, we explore adaptive pricing strategies for the ride-sourcing platform and suggest managerial strategies for the government. This paper bridges the gap between the dynamic evolution and the mechanism of trust in ride-sourcing services, which has been seldom studied in the literature. All of the analytical results are illustrated by numerical experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abundant hollow nanostructure is crucial for fast Li+ and K+ diffusion paths and sufficient electrolyte penetration, which creates a highly conductive network for ionic and electronic transport. In this study, we successfully developed a molecular-bridge-linked, organic–inorganic hybrid interface that enables the preparation of in situ nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres. Moreover, the prepared HCNSs, with high nitrogen content of up to 10.4%, feature homogeneous and regular morphologies. The resulting HCNSs exhibit excellent lithium and potassium storage properties when used as electrode materials. Specifically, the HCNS-800 electrode demonstrates a stable reversible discharge capacity of 642 mA h g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 after 500 cycles for LIBs. Similarly, the electrode maintains a discharge capacity of 205 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 500 cycles for KIBs. Moreover, when coupled with a high-mass-loading LiFePO4 cathode to design full cells, the HCNS-800‖LiFePO4 cells provide a specific discharge capacity of 139 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C. These results indicate that the HCNS electrode has promising potential for use in high-energy and environmentally sustainable lithium-based and potassium-based batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the design of a Digital-twin human-machine interface sensor (DT-HMIS) is proposed. This is a digital-twin sensor (DT-Sensor) that can meet the demands of human-machine automation collaboration in Industry 5.0. The DT-HMIS allows users/patients to add, modify, delete, query, and restore their previously memorized DT finger gesture mapping model and programmable logic controller (PLC) logic program, enabling the operation or access of the programmable controller input-output (I/O) interface and achieving the extended limb collaboration capability of users/patients. The system has two main functions: the first is gesture-encoded virtual manipulation, which indirectly accesses the PLC through the DT mapping model to complete control of electronic peripherals for extension-limbs ability by executing logic control program instructions. The second is gesture-based virtual manipulation to help non-verbal individuals create special verbal sentences through gesture commands to improve their expression ability. The design method uses primitive image processing and eight-way dual-bit signal processing algorithms to capture the movement of human finger gestures and convert them into digital signals. The system service maps control instructions by observing the digital signals of the DT-HMIS and drives motion control through mechatronics integration or speech synthesis feedback to express the operation requirements of inconvenient work or complex handheld physical tools. Based on the human-machine interface sensor of DT computer vision, it can reflect the user's command status without the need for additional wearable devices and promote interaction with the virtual world. When used for patients, the system ensures that the user's virtual control is mapped to physical device control, providing the convenience of independent operation while reducing caregiver fatigue. This study shows that the recognition accuracy can reach 99%, demonstrating practicality and application prospects. In future applications, users/patients can interact virtually with other peripheral devices through the DT-HMIS to meet their own interaction needs and promote industry progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a set of direct numerical simulation results on Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni (R-B-M) flow of cold water in the cylindrical pools. The heat transfer between the free surface and the environment is considered. The aspect ratio Г of the cylindrical pool varies from 2 to 8. Rayleigh (Ra) and Biot (Bi) numbers are respectively confined in Ra ≤ 104 and 0 < Bi ≤ 50. The flow onset critical Ra is determined and the influences of Bi and the density inversion parameter (Θm) on the critical Ra are analyzed. The primary bifurcation flow structures of R-B-M flow are shown and the evolution of the flow structures with Ra and Bi at different Θm is observed. Furthermore, the heat transfer ability is estimated by Nusselt number. The results indicate that the critical Ra of the flow onset increases with increasing Bi and Θm. But it decreases with the increase of Г. The primary bifurcation pattern is multicellular flow. With increasing Г, the number of flow cells in multicellular flow increases fast. With increasing Ra, the up-triangular and up-quadrilateral flow structures appear at Г = 4, and finally transits to the up one-torus. With increasing Ra and Г, and decreasing Θm, average Nusselt number increases monotonically. However, with increasing Bi, it first increases, and then decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• LSTM modeling on each intrinsic mode function improves prediction accuracy. • CEEMDAN is optimized by calculating fuzzy entropy. • Deeper network structure is constructed by combining residual networks and LSTM. • The residual learning mechanism and gating structure increase prediction accuracy. • Hydrodynamic forecasting is considered for electric fields under extreme conditions. As the global trend of frequent extreme weather grows more pronounced, and factors such as wind and light grow more uncertain, the power system encounters a severe test of extreme operating conditions. Hydraulic scheduling, as a factor that can be controlled by humans, requires an accurate and feasible method of predicting future hydraulic demands. This work proposes a hydrodynamic scheduling demand forecasting method that combines fuzzy entropy, complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise, residual networks, and long short-term memory networks. By introducing fuzzy entropy in complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise, more complex signals in modal components can be extracted and classification accuracy can be increased. The combination of residual and long short-term memory networks contributes to a better representation of the features in the data, thus model expressive power is improved. The experimental results show that the mean square error of the results of the method in this work reaches 141.6576 and the mean absolute error is 6.2101, with 98.4 % and 91.6 % reduction than the optimal results of the compared methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the justification of a comprehensive matching function approach, this study analyzes the ride-sourcing market with heterogeneous users. A single origin-destination (O-D) ride-sourcing market model is first developed. The model fills the major research gap to extend general user heterogeneity modeling from the transit market to the two-sided ride-sourcing market. Sufficient conditions that guarantee a unique market equilibrium are given. Equilibrium market operation with a profit-maximizing platform is explored. Equilibrium transitions with respect to the changes in different exogenous market variables are investigated. Nonequilibrium modeling to understand the transition path is also analyzed, revealing how the detailed transition evolves. Extensions of the single O-D market model to aggregate and disaggregate markets and incorporation of travel time reliability are briefly discussed. Numerical experiments, which are based on real-world data in the city of Ningbo, China, and cover an aggregate/single O-D base case, sensitivity analysis, equilibrium transitions, and disaggregate market equilibrium, are presented to illustrate the theoretical model. The larger network of Sioux Falls is also tested as a demonstration of the disaggregate market equilibrium. Discussions are made regarding operation and policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Model monopoly ride-sourcing marketwith human-driven vehicles and autonomous vehicles; • Consider congestion externality under mixed traffic flowof HVs and AVs; • Consider heterogeneity onride-sourcingriders' perceived utility; • Reveal non-monotonicity ofdemand rates with respectto platform's strategies; • Gain managerial insightsinto operational strategies of mixed on-demand ride services; • Explore an extended scenario considering the integrated serviceof HVs and AVs. We model a monopoly ride-sourcing market where the platform adopts the service types of human-driven vehicles (HVs) and autonomous vehicles (AVs). Both congestion externality under mixed traffic flow and heterogeneity on riders' perceived utility of the ride-sourcing service are considered when formulating the mode choice behavior of riders. We analyze the impact of the platform's fleet size and its price for riders on demand rates and riders' waiting time in the market equilibrium state. The analytical results show that the demand rates of mixed on-demand ride service types are not necessarily monotonous to the price for riders or the fleet size, due to the congestion externality and existence of a wild goose chase regime. Under either profit maximization or welfare maximization strategies, numerical results demonstrate that a higher pure AV traffic flow capacity benefits human ride-sourcing drivers and both types of riders. The platform should arrange more AVs than HVs even under the high AV depreciation cost. In a surging demand scenario, the platform should encourage riders to switch from the HV service to the AV service through price regulation. Moreover, an extended scenario considering the integrated service is discussed. The economic analysis and gained managerial insights benefit the on-demand ride services platform's decision making on operational strategies of HVs and investment in AVs with mixed traffic congestion effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Explore attributes that impact the platform choice behavior of multi-homing drivers. • Combine random forest with multinomial logistic regression to analyze multi-homing behaviour. • Employ multinomial logistic regression to model platform switching behaviour. • Provide managerial suggestions for government and ride-sourcing platforms. • Empirically explore real-world city-wide data collected on multiple ride-sourcing platforms. Multi-homing behavior refers to the behavior that ride-sourcing drivers simultaneously register and sequentially provide services on multiple ride-sourcing platforms. The multi-homing behavior of ride-sourcing drivers significantly impacts the competition among multiple ride-sourcing platforms in a competitive market. To better understand the multi-homing behavior, we present exploratory evidence on the factors that influence drivers' platform switching behavior. The RF-MNL (random forest multinomial logistic regression) framework is applied to analyze multi-homing driver behavior in a competitive ride-sourcing market. Multinomial logistic regression (MLR) is adopted to model the platform switching behavior of multi-homing drivers. The random forest is employed to seek the best combination of variables for the MLR model, which is calibrated by using the one-month multi-platform ride-sourcing data in Hangzhou, China. A variety of explanatory variables that influence ride-sourcing drivers' multi-homing behavior are estimated. The results show that the driver's socio-demographic characteristics, income level, bonus income (e.g., long-distance price rise), and work time related factors (e.g., the time gap of order dispatching, and wait time) play an essential role in determining the platform switching decision. This study corroborates the evidence of significant factors that impact drivers' switching from one ride-sourcing platform to another, which can support decision-making for ride-sourcing platforms to attract drivers serving the platform exclusively. We also examine how heterogeneity in drivers' multi-homing tendencies affects the platform's policy. To our best knowledge, this paper is one of the first quantitative studies that empirically reveal the commonly observed multi-homing behavior of ride-sourcing drivers by exploring real-world city-wide data collected on multiple platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, a new monolayer Group III–V material, two-dimensional boron phosphide (BP), has shown great potential for energy storage and energy conversion applications. We study the thermoelectric properties of BP monolayer as well as the effect of functionalization by first-principles calculation and Boltzmann transport theory. Combined with a moderate bandgap of 0.90 eV and ultra-high carrier mobility, a large ZT value of 0.255 at 300 K is predicted for two-dimensional BP. While the drastically reduced thermal conductivity in hydrogenated and fluorinated BP is favored for thermoelectric conversion, the decreased carrier mobility has limited the improvement of thermoelectric figure of merit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherosclerosis was an important pathophysiological basis of atherothrombotic stroke, and phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) polymorphism (SNP83/rs966221) was reported to be associated with the susceptibility to atherothrombotic stroke. Aim of the present study was to explore the potential association between SNP83 and carotid atherosclerosis (CAS). 204 southern Chinese Han participants were divided into two groups according to the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery: CAS group (carotid IMT ≥ 1.0 mm) and non-CAS group (carotid IMT < 1.0 mm). Carotid IMT was measured by color Doppler ultrasound. The PDE4D SNP83 polymorphism was determined by SNaPshot technique. Our study found that SNP83 was associated significantly with CAS susceptibility under the dominant, overdominant and codominant models. After adjusting for age, gender, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Hemoglobin A1c, cigarette smoking, hypertension history, and diabetes mellitus history, the association still remained significant (dominant model: crude OR = 2.373, 95% CI: 1.268–4.442, P = 0.007; adjusted OR = 3.129, 95% CI: 1.104–8.866, P = 0.032; overdominant model: crude OR = 1.968, 95% CI: 1.043–3.714, P = 0.037; adjusted OR = 2.854, 95% CI: 1.005–8.108, P = 0.049; codominant: crude OR = 2.102, 95% CI: 1.110–3.979, P = 0.023; adjusted OR = 2.984, 95% CI: 1.047–8.502, P = 0.041). Carotid IMT of carriers with CT + CC genotypes was higher than carriers with TT genotype (P = 0.016). Our results indicated that the SNP83/rs966221 located on PDE4D gene was significantly associated between CAS susceptibility and carotid IMT independently of conventional risk factors in a southern Chinese Han population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphyne, another two-dimensional carbon allotrope, has received increased attentions in recent years. By using the first-principles density functional calculations combined with the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism, we investigated the electronic, thermal, and thermoelectric transport properties of graphyne systematically and comparatively. It is found that the phonon thermal conductance of graphyne is greatly reduced compared to that of graphene in most temperature regions while larger than that of graphene at low temperatures, which is attributed to the different bond strengths and phonon spectra of graphyne and graphene. Due to the semiconductor property of graphyne, the thermoelectric power (TEP) is found to be one magnitude larger than that of graphene. Besides, distinct peak value regions of TEP in the contour of chemical potential and temperature are displayed for graphyne and graphene. Finally, the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of graphyne is found to be much larger than that of graphene as a result of large TEP and greatly reduced thermal conductance in graphyne, which indicates preferred thermoelectric applications for graphyne. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Formulateduopoly competition between two heterogeneous ride-sourcing platforms. • Considerasset-lightandasset-heavy strategiesin the ride-sourcing market. • Develop generalized waiting time cost function with increasing returns to scale. • Deriveoptimal pricing strategies with adoption of EVs under competition equilibrium. • Propose an optimization modelfor the determination of optimal subsidy strategies. • Suggest government coordinate subsidies on the EVs purchase and charging stations. This paper formulates duopoly competition between two non-cooperative heterogeneous ride-sourcing platforms considering the adoption of electric vehicles (EV) and government subsidies on EVs. One ride-sourcing platform adopts an EV asset-heavy strategy by undertaking EV depreciation costs, while the other ride-sourcing platform adopts an asset-light strategy by hiring drivers who own vehicles. The first-order conditions of each platform's pricingunder competitive equilibrium are derived based on a game-theoretical model that involves the stakeholders (i.e., riders, drivers, and ride-sourcing platforms). Based on the modeling framework ofduopoly competition between two heterogeneous ride-sourcing platforms, this paper proposes an optimization model with social welfare maximization for the determination of governmentsubsidy strategies. We conduct numerical illustrations to demonstrate how governmental subsidies on EV purchase and charging stations impact the endogenous variables in equilibrium (e.g., price for riders, wage for drivers, and market share for each platform) under different formulations of riders' waiting time cost function, which are increasing returns to scale. Also, a specialmodel with a fixed commission ratio is discussed. The results provide suggestions for decision-makers on how to allocate subsidy within the budget constraint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Derive an analytical framework to determine the optimal matching time interval. • Analyze demand and supply curves under immediate matching strategies. • Optimize the platform's fleet size and price strategies. • Archieve joint profit maximization, social welfare, and second-best optimum. • Illustrate properties of pricing strategies under two immediate matching strategies. Supply/demand characteristics and price strategies in the ride-sourcing market are affected by matching strategies. In particular, immediate matching strategies are widely adopted to tackle supply–demand imbalance issues. This paper studies a two-sided ride-sourcing market under two immediate matching strategies: driver-first-come-first-serve and passenger-first-come-first-serve. In the former, the system is considered over-saturated with passengers, such that any driver is matched immediately upon posting their availability. Therefore, the market would be devoid of waiting drivers. In comparison, the latter strategy is oversaturated with drivers, such that any newly arriving passenger is immediately matched, and there are no waiting passengers in the system. We first derive generalized supply and demand functions and prove that the immediate matching strategies are optimal to maximize the number of completed trips under certain conditions based on equilibrium analysis. Then, we characterize the market equilibrium and discuss the properties of the wild-goose-chase phenomenon under two immediate matching strategies. We optimize the ride-sourcing platform's strategies to achieve a joint profit of platform and driver maximization (monopoly optimum), social welfare maximization (social optimum), and second-best optimum (entailing a reservation profit for the platform). Numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effects of user heterogeneity, and the properties of pricing strategies under both matching strategies on the monopolistic and social optimal solution. The gained managerial insights provide suggestions for decision-makers to coordinate supply and demand in the ride-sourcing market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Propose a 1D analytical model for thermal chemical solution stimulation. • Investigate the performance of hydrate dissociation with different phase equilibrium curves analytically and numerically. • The position of moving dissociation front for four chemical solution are compared. • Delicate mathematical derivation are reported to be guideline for validation of our model and possible solutions of related future engineering problem. By introducing a moving dissociation interface, we build an analytical model of natural gas hydrate dissociation in porous media under thermal chemical solution stimulation method. Analytical solution of temperature distribution, pressure distribution are obtained by employing similarity solution. We investigate the behaviors of four thermal chemical solutions stimulation on hydrate dissociation and focus on the performance of hydrate dissociation under thermal 18 % A l C l 3 solution stimulation method including temperature distribution, pressure distribution, gas production volume, injected heat flux and compare to the performance under thermal pure water stimulation, showing the influence of changing phase equilibrium curve to hydrate dissociation. Parameters sensitivity analysis of hydrate dissociation is also presented in this paper. The advantages of inputting thermal chemical solution are the reduction of initial energy injection and variation of hydrate phase equilibrium curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Propose a two-period game-theoretic model for asymmetric ride-sourcing platforms; • Leader operates a mixed fleet of EVs and GVs, and follower adopts an all-EV fleet; • Capture differentiated wages and asymmetry of market position and decision-making sequence; • Derive follower's and leader's long-term decisions' impacts on demand and supply analytically; • Reveal mathematical properties of demand and waiting time with respect to follower's strategies; • Gain managerial insights into government regulation on asymmetric ride-sourcing market. In the current ride-sourcing market, significant differences generally exist among various platforms: market share, market position, and vehicle type. Most previous studies focus on symmetric duopoly competition and assume that platforms have similar market power and size. However, much less is known about the operation strategy and market outcome under platform heterogeneity and asymmetry. This paper proposes a two-period Stackelberg-based model to formulate the competition between two asymmetric ride-sourcing platforms and captures the differentiated decision-making sequence and driver utilities under mixed fleets. In the proposed model, the established leader platform operates a mixed fleet of electric vehicles (EVs) and gasoline vehicles (GVs), while the emerging follower platform adopts an all-EV fleet. The mathematical mechanism of how the follower's and leader's decisions impact the demand and supply is analytically derived. It is found that the influence path of the leader's pricing on the supply can be divided into direct and indirect ways. In some cases, the leader can utilize the leadership position to promote the electrification of ride-sourcing services. The impact of potential EV and GV drivers on the platforms' optimal strategies and the surplus of passengers and drivers are also examined. We show that more potential EV drivers benefit both platforms, while fewer potential GV drivers are only conducive to the follower. Moreover, two extended models associated with entry deterrence, order-based wage, and additional profit are developed. The deterrence strategy of the leader platform indirectly accelerates ride-souring electrification and significantly reduces passengers' average waiting time. The economic analysis gains managerial insights into platform operations on the realistic asymmetric ride-sourcing market under transportation electrification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Histidine-assisted facile preparation of N-doped MnO/rGO (N-MnO/rGO) composite as anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Highlights • A nitrogen-doped MnO/rGO composite (N-MnO/rGO) with novel morphology was fabricated. • The N-MnO/rGO electrodes display excellent cycling performances (1020 mA h g−1 after 150 cycles at 200 mA g−1) and good rate performance as anode material for lithium ion battery. Abstract An N-doped MnO/rGO composite (N-MnO/rGO) was successfully fabricated by a one-step hydrothermal method in which histidine and potassium permanganate (KMnO 4) reacted in water containing graphene oxide, and the product was then calcinated in a nitrogen (N 2) atmosphere. The N-MnO/rGO presents an excellent lithium-storage capability. It shows a high reversible specific capacity of 1020 mA h g−1 at a current density of 200 mA g−1 after 150 cycles and 760 mA h g−1 at a current density of 500 mA g−1 after 200 cycles. Meanwhile, the N-MnO/rGO sample presents a stable rate capability from 100 to 2000 mA g−1. Even at 2000 mA g−1, the electrode delivers 335 mA h g−1, which is higher than the capability for the pure MnO particles and rGO sheets. The outstanding electrochemical performances of the N-MnO/rGO electrodes may be attributed to the combined effect of the rGO with N-doping that can effectively buffer the large volume expansion of the MnO particles and can enhance the transport rates of lithium ions and electrons during lithium cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The linear-stability analyses of thermocapillary flow in an annular two-layer system subjected to a radial temperature gradient were conducted. The annular pool with upper free surface and adiabatic bottom is filled with immiscible double layer liquid of 5cSt silicone oil / HT-70. The outer wall of the annular pool is heated and inner wall is cooled. The results indicate that the critical Marangoni number decreases with the increase of aspect ratio and radius ratio. The effect of the ratio of the lower liquid thickness to the total double layer thickness on the convection onset is complicated. The minimum critical Marangoni number is located near the thickness ratio of 0.125. Moreover, there is one Hopf bifurcation from the steady to oscillatory flow when the thickness ratio varies from 0.625 to 0.75. At the same time, two types of flow destabilizing mechanism are identified. Comparing with the results with upper rigid wall, it can be found that the stability of thermocapillary convection in annular two-layer system with the free surface reduces largely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Model multi-homing ride-sourcing drivers' decision sequence on platform switching. • Develop dynamic decision model based on high-order hidden Markov model (HO-HMM). • Present the merits of HO-HMM in exploring individual characteristics and preferences. • Reveal interdependencies of hidden platform preferences of multi-homing ride-sourcing drivers. • Verify superiority of HO-HMMs by city-wide real-wrold multiple platforms data. Ride-sourcing drivers enjoy flexibility in scheduling work hours and choosing platforms, which generates multi-homing behavior on multiple platforms. It is challenging to observe the labor supply of multi-homing ride-sourcing drivers due to data limitations, which motivates our research on modeling drivers' dynamic decisions on labor supply in the competitive ride-sourcing market with multiple platforms. We propose a dynamic discrete choice framework by modeling drivers' high-frequency decision sequences on platform switching as high-order hidden Markov processes and considering time-varying factors. The high-order hidden Markov framework relaxes the first-order Markovian assumption and builds interdependencies of unobserved states across multiple time periods. The estimation of the proposed model takes advantage of city-scale multiple platforms datasets in Hangzhou, China, including more than 16 million records of the order payment information and more than 46 thousand records of active ride-sourcing drivers' information. The case study results indicate that the high-order hidden Markov model (HO-HMM) has superior explanatory power in fitting multiple platforms datasets than the multinomial logit model and the first-order hidden Markov model. HO-HMM performs an advantage in modeling the extended historical dependency of drivers' decisions and individual driver behavior modeling with high interpretability. The results uncover the variations of drivers' attitudes in different hidden (unobservable) states and towards different platforms. In general, ride-sourcing drivers respond actively and positively to income and working time. The findings support the platforms' decision-making on pricing, reward, and personalized management of ride-sourcing drivers, and provide beneficial suggestions for improving income in the competitive ride-sourcing market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Propose a novel nested two-sided market model with integrated ride-sourcing and electric vehicle (EV) charging services. • Consider differentiated charging pricing and priority of ride-sourcing and private EV drivers. • Reveal mathematical properties of EV drivers' charging behavior, passengers' mode choices, and platform's decisions. • Derive optimal states of profit maximization, social optimum, and Pareto optimality. • Analyze potential impact of introducing integrated services with two strategies. • Gain managerial insights into platform operations and government regulation. This paper proposes a novel nested two-sided market framework to investigate integrated ride-sourcing (RS) and electric vehicle (EV) charging services considering mixed electric and gasoline vehicles (GVs). In the proposed integrated scheme, a monopoly RS platform builds or purchases charging piles to provide RS and private EV drivers with additional differentiated services (i.e., different charging prices and priority) besides public charging piles. Both RS and private drivers with different charging pile ownership are considered. The complex endogenous correlations between RS and charging services are formulated. The mathematical properties of drivers' charging behavior, passengers' mode choices, and platform's operation strategies are analytically derived, which is closely related to the differentiated priority of drivers. The conditions for judging the profitability of the RS and charging business under profit maximization strategies are obtained. We examine and compare the potential impact of introducing integrated services with two strategies and identify the sufficient conditions to boost total profit by providing the integrated services. It is rigorously proved that the integrated services benefit passengers and specific driver groups, while it may be harmful to the environment under a high RS electrification level. The Pareto-efficient frontiers indicate that the charging price for RS drivers in the social optimum regime is higher than that in the profit maximization regime. The analytical results gain managerial insights into platform operations and government regulation of integrated RS and charging services in the RS market under mixed fleets of EVs and GVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reveal the coupling characteristics of sessile ethanol droplet evaporation and induced thermal flow in its pure vapor system at low pressure, a series of three-dimensional numerical simulations were carried out on the ethanol droplet evaporation on a copper substrate. The droplet radius is 2.5 mm. The droplet height ranges from 2.2 to 0.4 mm. To investigate the effect of vapor pressure, two pressure ratios (η) of 0.9 and 0.6 are chosen. The results show that, when η = 0.9, regardless of the droplet height, the surface temperature distribution in most areas is always uniform. However, when η = 0.6, several surface thermal patterns appear. Because of the evaporation, the substrate temperature distribution always has the lowest value near the contact line. The thermal pattern evolution will affect the evaporation rate and the substrate temperature distribution dynamically. When η = 0.6, the evaporation rate shows a non-monotonic variation trend with the decrease of the height. Although the droplet size is larger than the capillary length, buoyancy has little effect on the thermal pattern evolution and evaporation rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An asymmetric method for the synthesis of dihydropyrido[1,2- a]indoles from mixtures of nitrones and allenoates has been developed. This transformation showcases the use of squaramide catalysis in a complicated cascade system that has been shown to be highly sensitive to reaction conditions and substituent effects. The new method provides access to enantiomerically enriched dihydropyridoindoles from modular, non-indole reagents. The optimization and scope of the new transformation is discussed in addition to initial mechanistic experiments that indicate the role of the catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An asymmetric method for the synthesis of dihydropyrido[1,2- a]indoles from mixtures of nitrones and allenoates has been developed. This transformation showcases the use of squaramide catalysis in a complicated cascade system that has been shown to be highly sensitive to reaction conditions and substituent effects. The new method provides access to enantiomerically enriched dihydropyridoindoles from modular, non-indole reagents. The optimization and scope of the new transformation is discussed in addition to initial mechanistic experiments that indicate the role of the catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a set of linear-stability analysis results of the thermocapillary-buoyancy convection in an annular two-layer system of 5cSt silicone oil and HT-70 with a radial temperature gradient. The annular two-layer system is heated at the outer cylindrical wall and cooled at the inner wall. The effects of the depth ratio, the radius ratio and the aspect ratio of the annular pool on the critical conditions for the convection transition are analyzed. The flow destabilizing mechanism is identified. Results indicate that the hydrothermal wave, or the combined hydrothermal wave and three-dimensional oscillatory flow, should be responsible for the flow destabilization when the stable thermocapillary-buoyancy convection transits to the three-dimensional oscillatory convection. With the increase of the radius ratio of the annular pool, the critical Marangoni number, wave number and phase velocity all decrease. With the increase of the depth ratio η , the critical Marangoni number initially increases before a dramatic decrease. The maximum value of the critical Marangoni number locates in the range of η = 0.625–0.833. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solvent-controlled cascade process has been identified for the dual purpose of the preparation of either dihydrocarbazoles or dihydropyridoindoles from identical N-aryl-α,β-unsaturated nitrones and electron-deficient allene starting materials. These reactions proceed smoothly under mild metal-free conditions affording a range of two types of skeletally distinct indole-based heterocycles in high yield and diastereoselectivity. These transformations demonstrate the use of a bifurcated cascade process that hinges on the ring-opening event of a benzazepine intermediate for the synthesis of skeletally diverse heterocyclic products and rapid access to biologically-significant, indole-based structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through-hole TiO nanotube arrays (THTNA) are fabricated successfully by applying a large-voltage pulse (Δ V ≥ 40 V) at the end of anodization, and a mechanism is proposed that the fluoride-rich layer (FRL) between Ti substrate and nanotubes is the key factor for fabricating THTNA. In order to confirm the mechanism, the effects of temperature of voltage pulse on the morphology of the bottom of TiO nanotubes are explored. The results show the inner diameter of the bottom became larger with the temperature increasing due to the wall thickness of bottom of TiO nanotubes decreased and assisted by the increased fluorine content of the bottom, which is strong evidence for the mechanism proposed. What is more, the inner diameter of the bottom of THTNA can be manipulated via this novel mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mild, metal-free,and modular route for the preparation of N-styrenylamidines from N-aryl-α,β-unsaturatednitrones and isocyanates has been developed that accesses an initialoxadiazolidinone intermediate that can undergo CO2eliminationand styrenyl migration. The use of a migration event to install N-styrenyl amidine substituents circumvents a limitationof traditional Pinner-type methods for amidine synthesis that requirethe use of amine nucleophiles. The modularity of the nitrone and isocyanatereagents provides access to a variety of differentially substituted N-styrenyl amidines. The scope and tolerance of the methodare presented, and preliminary mechanistic data for the transformationare discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A flat loop heat pipe (FLHP) with bi-transport loops is developed for the cooling of graphics card with high heat flux up to 80W/cm2. The evaporator and the pipes are made of copper and ultrapure water (electronic resistivity > 18 MΩ-cm) as the working fluid. To give the loop heat pipe (LHP) better performance, the evaporator is made in a flat shape to reduce the contact resistance between the evaporator and the chip. The advances of the LHP with bi-transport loops are discussed. The heat transfer performance is tested with different filling rate in different orientations. The test results show that the LHP can start up easily and can transport large amount of heat stably. The orientation of the condenser above the evaporator gives a better performance, and filling with 13 g of water gives a better performance. Limited by the evaporator temperature lower than 90°C, the LHP can transport 320 W when the evaporator is above the condenser and 380 W when the condenser is above the evaporator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palladacycleswere found to be efficient catalysts for the reactionof oxabicyclic alkenes with terminal alkynes. A switch of reactionselectivity was realized using a palladacycle with an sp2or sp3C–Pd bond. Addition products were affordedpredominantly using a palladacycle with an sp3C–Pdbond, while ring-opening compounds were the major products when palladacycleshaving an sp2C–Pd bond were used. DFT calculationsrevealed that the different transeffects of thesp2-C and sp3-C donors in palladacycles areresponsible for the switch in selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Please pass the oxygen: A new method for the preparation of trans‐α,β‐epoxyketimines has been achieved through a copper‐catalyzed rearrangement of (E)‐α,β‐unsaturated nitrones. The scope and tolerance of the method is evaluated and the synthetic utility of the products is demonstrated. The new transformation provides facile access to an unusual, densely functionalized intermediate that can be exploited for further synthetic application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O ‐ Wanderung: trans ‐ α,β ‐ Epoxyketimine wurden durch die kupferkatalysierte Umlagerung (E) ‐ α,β ‐ ungesättigter Nitrone synthetisiert. Auf diesem Weg ist ein ungewöhnliches, dicht funktionalisiertes Intermediat einfach zugänglich, das für eine Bandbreite weiterer Synthesen genutzt werden kann. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new synthetic strategy to access polysubstituted furans regiospecifically has been developed using simple bicyclic alkenes and terminal ynones as starting materials with palladacycles as unique active catalysts. A rational mechanism has also been proposed. This reaction features mild reaction conditions, easily available starting materials and palladacycle catalysts, a wide substrate scope, and high regiospecificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N-Vinyl nitrones derived from fluorenone have been prepared via a copper-mediated coupling between fluorenone oxime and vinyl boronic acids. These compounds undergo subsequent rearrangement and addition reactions that are distinct from the traditional [3 2] cycloaddition reactivity of nitrones. Thermal rearrangements of fluorenone N-vinyl nitrones give spiroisoxazolines, while treatment with alkynes provides fluorene-tethered isoxazoles. The scope and limitations of the preparation of fluorenone N-vinyl nitrones and their subsequent rearrangement and addition reactions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Propose a duopoly evolutionary game model for the dynamic ride-hailing market. • Capture bounded rationality, strategic learning, and dynamic competition between platforms. • Identify the existence of stationary points and derive simplified stability conditions. • Establish two extended models to capture the service aggregator and mixed electric/fuel fleets. • Provide a fresh perspective for exploring dynamic ride-hailing competition and market evolution. The platform competition in a real-world ride-hailing market is complex and dynamic. Existing research mainly relies on static competitive equilibrium, lacking an understanding of the dynamic evolution process of platform competition. This paper develops a generic duopoly evolutionary game model to capture dynamic decision adjustments and the evolution of market conditions. Bounded rationality and strategic learning are integrated into the modeling to dissect the interaction and competition between two platforms. The existence of stationary points where the system states remain unchanged over time is identified, and simplified stability conditions are derived. A pure strategy pair is found stable when constituting a strict Nash equilibrium and corresponding to positive payoffs. We establish two extended models to capture the nascent service aggregator and mixed electric/fuel fleets and compare them with the basic model. The model is calibrated employing the ride-hailing data of New York and is applicable for analyzing the market evolution under different states. The impacts of potential demand drop, aggregated services, and mixed fleets on platform decision and driver-passenger choice evolution are unveiled. It is found that the platforms possess self-recovery capability when facing a deteriorated external environment. The decision-making of the small platform exhibits a more substantial inertia and volatility since the large platform's decision can easily influence the market supply and demand. In the initial stage, the service aggregator slightly harms the large platform, but in the long run, it benefits both platforms. Besides, both platforms reduce prices while inflating commission ratios under mixed fleets. This study provides a fresh perspective for exploring the real-world dynamic ride-hailing competition and market evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient palladacycle-catalyzed asymmetric ring-opening reaction of oxabicyclic alkenes with alkenyl boronic acids was developed to afford the corresponding products in good to excellent yields and enantioselectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Treatment of terminal alkynes with PhI(OAc)2 in different acids at 70°C provided the corresponding α-acyloxy ketones in good to excellent yields. A plausible mechanism has been proposed based on the experimental results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We described a copper(I)‐catalyzed atom economic and selective hydroamination‐cyclization of alkynyl‐tethered quinazolinones to prepare a variety of indole‐fused pyrazino[1,2‐a]quinazolinones in good to excellent yields ranging from 39 %–99 % under mild reaction conditions. Control experiments revealed that coordination‐directed method of quinazolinone moiety with copper(I) was important for the selective hydroamination‐cyclization of alkynes at the N1‐atom instead of N3‐atom of quinazolinone. The reaction could be easily performed at gram scales and some prepared indole‐fused pyrazino[1,2‐a]quinazolinones with donating groups on the indole moiety showed a distinct fluorescence emission wavelength with blue shift under the acid conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of functionalized 3‐arylazoindoles were prepared in good to excellent yields through an iron(III)‐catalyzed C−H azolation of 2‐substituted indoles with arylhydrazines under mild reaction conditions. The reaction underwent an initial TBN‐mediated nitrosation, 1,5‐hydrogen migration, intramolecular condensation, and 1,5‐hydrogen migration over four steps in one pot. A paracyclophane‐derived 3‐phenylazoindole could be prepared in 25% yield over three steps and some prepared 3‐arylazoindoles showed a different fluorescence emission wavelength and existed obvious pH conditions response. The present method highlights broad substrate scope of easily available starting materials, wide range of functional group compatibility, gram scalable preparations, high atom economy, avoidance of unstable and explosive azolation reagents, and simple purification operations by extraction, washing, and recrystallization without flash column chromatography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We described a base‐promoted O‐arylation of N3‐hydroxyl quinazolinones with diaryliodonium salts and sequential BF3 ⋅ OEt2 and visible light‐controlled [3,3]‐ or [1,3]‐rearrangements of quinazolinone N−O aryl moieties to prepare a variety of 2‐(quinazolin‐4‐yloxy)phenols and atropisomeric 3‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)quinazolin‐4‐ones in 44%‐75% yields and 28%‐70% yields, respectively. Mechanistic studies showed that HBF4 generated in situ from BF3 ⋅ Et2O and water served as the catalyst in this process and aryloxyquinazolinium salts are vital intermediates promoting the [3,3]‐ or [1,3]‐rearrangements. The N−O aryl moieties of aryloxyquinazolinium salts were found to undergo solely [3,3]‐rearrangement with heating whereas [1,3]‐rearrangement occurred via a radical process under irradiation of visible light. This method highlights the formation of aryloxyquinazolinium salts based on the use of BF3 ⋅ OEt2 and visible light to prompt [1,3]‐rearrangement generating atropisomeric quinazolinones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Propose a novel consolidated shared charging and electric ride-sourcing services. • Optimize decisions on shared charging services for the ride-sourcing platform. • Dissect mathematical properties of market equilibrium under shared charging. • Conduct numerical experiments to illustrate market outcomes of shared charging program. • Provide suggestions for operations of the shared charging program. The shortage of charging facilities under the trend of transportation electrification brings a significant challenge to electric ride-sourcing operations. As a component of sharing economy, flourishing shared charging consolidates idle charging resources, providing a promising solution to this problem. We propose a shared charging program where the ride-sourcing platform acts as an intermediary and rents shareable charging posts from private post owners to facilitate the charging demand of ride-sourcing drivers. A utility-based modeling framework is established to dissect the intricate behavioral interactions among post owners, drivers, and riders. The analytical results reveal that supply and demand monotonicity with respect to shared charging fee and commission rate varies with different returns to scale of riders' waiting time functions. Then, we mathematically derive the first-order optimality solutions of the joint decisions on shared charging (i.e., rental fee, and charging fee) and ride-sourcing (i.e., commission rate, and price) sectors under monopoly optimality and social optimality, respectively. The platform can adopt a relatively high shared charging fee and low rental fee to gain more profit when the rider demand is insensitive to the commission rate. If the government focuses more on the private post owner surplus, it should ensure relatively high price elasticity under optimal pricing to better protect their welfare. Finally, we numerically discuss how potential shared charging posts impact the market states and compare the outcomes between ride-sourcing-only and shared charging programs. It is found that the shared charging service improves the platform profit, social welfare, rider surplus, and driver surplus, while inducing higher commission rates and prices. The economic analysis gains insights into shared charging for electric ride-sourcing services and highlights the potential of sharing solutions in promoting sustainable urban mobility services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Porous honeycomb copper surface with radial diameter gradient was fabricated. • Has superior heat transfer performance than samples with uniform pore diameters. • The heat transfer coefficient can be as high as 16.1 W•cm–2 K–1. • The diameter gradient lead to larger K / R eff , lower Δ T ONB and faster bubble growth. Boiling heat transfer (BHT) is widely used in industry and in our daily lives, and it can be enhanced by micro/nano structures. Previously, porous honeycomb copper surfaces have been proven to significantly enhance BHT performance, but how a radial pore diameter gradient affects BHT is still unknown. In this paper, two porous honeycomb copper surfaces with uniform pore diameters of 60 and 120 μm, respectively (named Sample#U1 and Sample#U2), were prepared using the electrochemical deposition method. On this basis, a porous honeycomb surface with a radial diameter gradient was prepared by infusing liquid onto the reaction surface during the deposition process. The range of pore diameters from the center to the edge was 60–120 μm (named Sample#G1). Pool boiling experiment results showed that the sample with the radial diameter gradient had superior heat transfer performance. Sample#G1, with the smallest pores at the center and largest pores at the edge, had a maximum nucleate BHT coefficient h MNB of 16.1 W•cm–2 K–1, which was about 1.4 times that of Sample#U2, 1.5 times that of Sample#U1, and 3.5 times that of a pure copper surface. It was assumed that surfaces with a radial diameter gradient had a superior rewetting ability, and this was confirmed in a capillary wicking experiment. The K/R eff of the sample with the radial diameter gradient was larger than those of the samples with uniform diameter, which indicated that a radial diameter gradient surface could quickly accelerate the replenishment of water in pool boiling. A porous structure provides pores and cavities, which was benefit for activate bubble nucleation under a low superheat. Sampe#G1 had the lowest Δ T ONB. The bubble dynamics also proved that the sample with the radial diameter gradient had a faster bubble growth speed than those with a uniform diameter, resulting in faster heat removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fourteen novel tumor-targeting copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes, [Cu(ONQ)(QD1)(NO 3)]·CH 3 OH (NQ3), [Cu(ONQ)(QD2)(NO 3)] (NQ2), [Cu(NQ)(QD2)Cl] (NQ3), [Cu(ONQ)(QD1)Cl] (NQ4), [Cu(ONQ)(QD3)](NO 3) (NQ5), [Cu(ONQ)(QD3)Cl] (NQ6), [Zn(ONQ)(QD4)Cl] (NQ7), [Zn(ONQ)(QD1)Cl] (NQ8), [Zn(ONQ)(QD5)Cl] (NQ9), [Zn(ONQ)(QD2)Cl] (NQ10), [Zn(ONQ)(QD6)Cl] (NQ11), [Zn(ONQ)(QD7)Cl] (NQ12), and [Zn(ONQ)(QD3)Cl] (NQ13) supported on 8-hydroxyquinoline- N -oxide (H-ONQ), 2,2′-dipyridyl (QD1), 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl (QD2), 1,10-phenanthroline (QD3), 4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridyl (QD4), 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl (QD5), 5-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline (QD6), and bathophenanthroline (QD7), were first synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, NQ1 – NQ13 exhibited higher antiproliferative activity and selectivity for cisplatin-resistant SK-OV-3/DDP tumor cells (CiSK3) compared to normal HL-7702 cells based on results obtained from the cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The complexation of copper(II) ion with QD2 and ONQ ligands resulted in an evident increase in the antiproliferation of NQ1–NQ6 , with NQ6 exhibiting the highest antitumor potency against CiSK3 cells compared to NQ1–NQ5 , H-ONQ, QD1 – QD7, and NQ7–NQ13 as well as the reference cisplatin drug with an IC 50 value of 0.17 ± 0.05 μM. Mechanistic studies revealed that NQ4 and NQ6 induced apoptosis of CiSK3 cells via mitophagy pathway regulation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion. Further, the differential induction of mitophagy decreased in the order of NQ6 > NQ4 , which can be attributed to the major impact of the QD3 ligand with a large planar geometry and the Cl leaving group within the NQ6 complex. In summary, these results confirmed that the newly synthesized H-ONQ copper(II) and zinc(II) coordination metal compounds NQ1–NQ13 exhibit potential as anticancer drugs for cisplatin-resistant ovarian CiSK3 cancer treatment. 8-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes could cause SK-OV-3/DDP cell apoptosis via mitophagy induction and ATP depletion. [Display omitted] • Tumor-targeting complexes NQ1 − NQ13 have been prepared. • These complexes are more selective for SK-OV-3/DDP tumor cells versus HL-7702 normal cells. • NQ4 and NQ6 could cause SK-OV-3/DDP cell apoptosis via mitophagy induction and ATP depletion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and diffuse peritoneal metastasis (PM) are not eligible for surgical intervention. Thus, palliative treatment remains the standard of care in clinical practice. Systemic chemotherapy fails to cause drug accumulation at the lesion sites, while intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) is limited by high clearance rates and associated complications. Given the poor prognosis, a customized OxP/R848@PLEL hydrogel delivery system has been devised to improve the clinical benefit of advanced CRC with diffuse PM. This system is distinguished by its simplicity, security, and efficiency. Specifically, the PLEL hydrogel exhibits excellent injectability and thermosensitivity, enabling the formation of drug depots within the abdominal cavity, rendering it an optimal carrier for IPC. Oxaliplatin (OxP), a first‐line drug for advanced CRC, is cytotoxic and enhances the immunogenicity of tumors by inducing immunogenic cell death. Furthermore, OxP and resiquimod (R848) synergistically enhance the maturation of dendritic cells, promote the expansion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and induce the formation of central memory T cells. Moreover, R848 domesticates macrophages to an anti‐tumor phenotype. OxP/R848@PLEL effectively eradicates peritoneal metastases, completely inhibits ascites production, and significantly prolongs mice lifespan. As such, it provides a promising approach to managing diffuse PM in patients with CRC without surgical indications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of functionalized 2‐pyrrolidinones bearing N‐trifluoromethylphenyl moieties were prepared in moderate to good yields with high diastereoselectivity through copper(II)‐catalyst and base co‐catalyzed formal [4+1] cycloaddition of cinnamaldehyde nitrones with 1‐ethynylnaphthalen‐2‐ols in the presence of m‐CPBA as the oxidant. The triple bond of 1‐ethynylnaphthalen‐2‐ol served as one‐carbon synthon for the pyrrolidinone ring formation. Mechanistic studies revealed that m‐CPBA played an important role to interrupt the intramolecular O‐cyclization to afford the 2‐pyrrolidinones. Moreover, the reaction could be easily performed at gram scales and the obtained products were selectively converted into diverse pyrroline scaffolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a two-phase heat transfer device, achieving a high capillarity of the wick while reducing flow resistance within a limited space becomes the key to improving the heat dissipation performance. As a commonly used wick structure, mesh is widely employed because of its high permeability. However, achieving the desired capillary performance often requires multiple layers to be superimposed to ensure an adequate capillary, resulting in an increased thickness of the wick. In this study, an ultra-thin biomimetic copper forest structural modification of copper mesh was performed using an electrochemical deposition to solve the contradiction between the permeability and the capillary. The experiments were conducted on a copper mesh to investigate the effects of various conditions on their morphology and capillary performance. The results indicate that the capillary performance of the modified copper mesh improves with a longer deposition time. The capillary pressure drops can reach up to 1400 Pa when using ethanol as the working fluid. Furthermore, the modified copper mesh demonstrates a capillary performance value (ΔPc·K) of 8.44 × 10−8 N, which is 1.7 times higher than that of the unmodified samples. Notably, this enhanced performance is achieved with a thickness of only 142 μm. The capillary limit can reach up to 45 W when the modified copper mesh is only 180 μm. Microscopic flow analysis reveals that the copper forest modified structure maintains the original high permeability of the copper mesh while providing a greater capillary force, thereby enhancing the overall flow characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trans-isomer-enriched mixtures can be epimerized to the thermodynamically favoured cis-isomer-enriched mixtures (up to 19:1 cis/trans, slight increase in ee) by stirring in methanolic NaOH (25°C, 1 h). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]