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This article constructs a comprehensive new model of the contemporary class structure of Germany. More specifically, inspired by Pierre Bourdieu's geometric conception of class relations and drawing on original survey data, it adopts multiple correspondence analysis paired with cluster analysis to chart the German 'social space', that is, the relational configuration of key forms of capital. It then explores correspondences with occupational groups, ethnic groups, other demographic features, lifestyle practices and tastes. The results disclose specific structuring effects of German peculiarities on the distribution of social power, including East–West reunification and the long-running guestworker programme. More fundamentally, though, in its basic structure, the space resembles that mapped by Bourdieu in France and those documented by others elsewhere, suggesting common principles of social and symbolic differentiation among Western capitalist societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commentaries on lived experiences of COVID-19-induced 'lockdown' have simultaneously directed public imaginations backwards to draw inspiration and fortitude from historical periods of national and global challenge, and forwards into futures characterised by greater environmental sensitivity and community resilience. In this article, we argue that individuals' and households' practical coping strategies from different phases of lockdown within the UK offer clues as to how adaptive embodiments of close connection – to nature and community – both inform contemporary practices of everyday resilience and signpost towards enablers of a more socially compassionate and environmentally sustainable future. Our novel approach to conceptualising post-COVID recovery draws on 'back-casting' – an approach which envisages pathways towards alternative, 'better' futures – to work back from the notion of sustainable lifestyles, through participants' narratives of coping in/with lockdown, to the forms of adaptation that provided solace and encouragement. We highlight how these embodied and emotional adaptations constitute a form of nascent 'neo-nostalgia' capable of reaching beyond the enabling of coping mechanisms in the present to inform long-lasting capacity for individual and community resilience in the face of future socio-environmental crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several lifestyle habits have been described as risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Given that both healthy and unhealthy habits tend to cluster, the aim of this study was to identify lifestyle patterns and explore their potential associations with clinical characteristics of individuals with NAFLD. One hundred and thirty-six consecutive patients with ultrasound-proven NAFLD were included. Diet and physical activity level were assessed through appropriate questionnaires. Habitual night sleep hours and duration of midday naps were recorded. Optimal sleep duration was defined as sleep hours ≥ 7 and ≤ 9 h/day. Lifestyle patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Eight components were derived explaining 67% of total variation of lifestyle characteristics. Lifestyle pattern 3, namely high consumption of low-fat dairy products, vegetables, fish, and optimal sleep duration was negatively associated with insulin resistance (β = −1.66, P = 0.008) and liver stiffness (β = −1.62, P = 0.05) after controlling for age, sex, body mass index, energy intake, smoking habits, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Lifestyle pattern 1, namely high consumption of full-fat dairy products, refined cereals, potatoes, red meat, and high television viewing time was positively associated with insulin resistance (β = 1.66, P = 0.005), although this association was weakened after adjusting for adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-α. A 'healthy diet-optimal sleep' lifestyle pattern was beneficially associated with insulin resistance and liver stiffness in NAFLD patients independent of body weight status and energy intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Pour être efficace dans une logique de santé publique, la promotion de l’activité physique requiert une bonne communication entre ses acteurs. Dans cette perspective, nous proposons d’expliciter des notions de bio-énergétique utilisées pour quantifier et qualifier l’intensité des activités physiques, les comportements d’activité physique, les comportements sédentaires et les modes de vie. Chez les adultes sains, les recommandations de santé publique en matière d’activité physique émises par les différentes autorités varient entre 675 et 1350 MET.min par semaine, soit, par exemple, la participation 5 fois par semaine à des activités conduisant à la multiplication du métabolisme de base par 4,5 pendant 30 ou 60 minutes, respectivement pour les limites basses et hautes. Les chercheurs dans les différents champs scientifiques et les divers acteurs responsables doivent travailler plus ou mieux pour parvenir à une promotion de l’activité physique réussie, qui se manifesterait par une raréfaction des modes de vie sédentaires. Une grande diversité des modes de vie est compatible avec l’atteinte d’une dépense énergétique suffisante, à l’échelle des populations, pour contribuer à la prévention et au contrôle de nombreuses maladies non communicables. For physical activity promotion to be effective from a public health view, adequate communication between the different actors is required. In this perspective, we propose to explicit the bioenergetic notions used to quantify and qualify intensity of physical activities, physical activity and sedentary behaviors, and lifestyles. Public health recommendations for physical activity in healthy adults from different authorities vary between 675 and 1350 METs/min per week, which, for example, is the equivalent of the energy spent with the participation 5 times per week in activities leading to a 4.5-times increase of the basal metabolic rate during 30 or 60 minutes for the low and high limit, respectively. For every population category, researchers in different scientific fields and all various responsible actors must work harder or better to reach successful physical activity promotion that would be evidenced by rarefaction of sedentary lifestyles. Very different lifestyles are compatible with energy expenditure large enough at a population scale to contribute to the prevention and control of many non-communicable diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For seven years, village-based recorders monitored fish catches and water levels in seven floodplain-associated lakes of the Lower Rufiji, Tanzania. The lakes differ in the number of days and volume of inflows from the river, and thus provide a natural experiment to explore the links between catch composition, income per hour of fishing (IPHF) and hydrological connectivity, and to analyse the response of the users. The fishers adapt their fishing mode and equipment to achieve a rather constant IPHF of between 0.2 and 0.8 US$/fisher/hour. In situations of low connectivity, during a series of drought years, the less well-connected lakes lost many species and became a virtual monoculture of Oreochromis urolepis. Only in one extreme case was average fish size significantly reduced, indicating a high fishing pressure. Catch was therefore highly resilient to shifts toward illegal, non-selective and active fishing techniques. Fish diversity and lake productivity were quickly re-established when the larger lakes reconnected. The potential impacts of changes in the flood hydrograph (through dams, increased abstraction or climate/land-use changes) are assessed, and management options discussed. Editor: D. Koutsoyiannis; Guest editor: M.C. Acreman Citation Hamerlynck, O., Duvail, S., Vandepitte, L., Kindinda, K., Nyingi, D.W., Paul, J.-L., Yanda, P.Z., Mwakalinga, A.B., Mgaya, Y.D. and Snoeks, J., 2011. To connect or not to connect? Floods, fisheries and livelihoods in the Lower Rufiji floodplain lakes, Tanzania. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 56 (8), 1436–1451. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Can democratic societies organise the energy diet imposed by the prevention of climate change? What would be the difficulties to overcome? This challenge could not be met without changing the nature of public policies and without learning how to determine collectively new individual lifestyles, not separable from duties. To cite this article: D. Bourg, C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]