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Photovoltaic (PV) systems-based harvest energy becomes huge support for the electric grids in recent days and also becomes the sustainable replacement for conventional energy sources. But the efficacy of PV-based electricity is degraded due to the effect of partial shading conditions. The reconfiguration technique is one effective strategy to diminish the impact of shadow on the photovoltaic (PV) array. This entails rearranging the PV array's switching matrix by the temperature and shading levels. A Seagull Optimization Algorithm (SOA) is proposed in this work to identify the optimal pattern for rearranging the matrix and optimising power output from the PV array. A 9 × 9 PV array operating under four common shadow patterns—Short Wide (SW), Long Wide (LW), Short Narrow (SN), and Long Narrow (LN)—is subjected to the algorithm. Mismatch power, fill factor, percentage power loss, and percentage power enhancement are used to assess the algorithm's effectiveness. Comparisons are made between the results from the proposed SOA and those from the Total-Cross-Tied (TCT), Competence Square, Butterfly Optimisation Algorithm, and Harris Hawks Optimization. The highest increase in Global Maximum Power has been attained by the proposed SOA corresponding to the TCT array is 36% and 30% in the SW and LW shadow arrangement, while the least increase of 7% occurs in the SN and LN arrangements. The evaluated results show the proposed SOA's competence and effective in optimising the shaded array reconfiguration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental effects of heavy metal pollution are considered as a widespread problem throughout the world, as it jeopardizes human health and also reduces the sustainability of a cleaner environment. Removal of such noxious pollutants from wastewater is pivotal because it provides a propitious solution for a cleaner environment and water scarcity. Adsorption treatment plays a significant role in water remediation due to its potent treatment and low cost of adsorbents. In the last two decades, researchers have been highly focused on the modification of adsorption treatment by functionalized and surface-modified nanomaterials which has spurred intense research. The characteristics of nano adsorbents attract global scientists as it is also economically viable. This review shines its light on the functionalized nanomaterials application for heavy metals removal from wastewater and also highlights the importance of regeneration of nanomaterials in the view of visualizing the economic aspects along with a cleaner environment. The review also focused on the proper disposal of nanomaterials with crucial issues that persist in the adsorption process and also emphasize future research modification at a large-scale application in industries. [Display omitted] • Role of nanotechnology in heavy metal removal is reviewed. • Preparation and functionalization of nanomaterials are discussed. • Potential of carbon-based nanomaterials in wastewater remediation is visualized. • Various factors affecting the adsorption of heavy metals are discussed. • Regeneration potential of nano-adsorbents is examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]