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The application of various forms of renewable energy is increasing day by day with the decreasing trend of fossil fuel reserve across the globe. Solar energy is one of the most affordable and popular renewable energy that is used and implemented around the world. This paper illustrates an experimental expression of PV/T system in the Northern area of Bangladesh. The efficiency of the PV/T system depends on the amount of irradiation and the temperature of the solar panel. Moreover, the heat generated in the solar panel reduces its performance. In this research, a combined approach is used to dissipate the heat by using solar-powered air flow and a copper tube to use the heat of air and heated the water. This system ensures the growth of overall efficiency to 39.68% and decrement of energy loss. The research also includes that with an addition of glycerin at a ratio of 1:50 (% of wt.) with water, the combined efficiency boost to 45.76%. Also, a financial analysis shows its affordability for developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dramatic variation of tool temperature while machining is treated as a considerable problem because it shortens the life of cutting edge which is considered as low durability of that part resulting in an adverse effect on the production. The excessive heat generated in the local cutting zone leads to thermal deformation, noticeable tool wear and low machining accuracy as well. In general, during highly precise machining operatios, it is necessary to determine the amount of process heat and heat fluxes into the work piece, tool and chips. This differs from various physical properties of tool including tool geometry, physical properties and for different operating conditions. Therefore, for precision machining operation it is discernible that the temperature distribution and the rate of cutting heat generation during the cutting operation are important for the prediction of thermal deformation. The aim of this research is to show an explicit overview of the nature of heat generation varying with different materials and cutting speed. In this study the cutting environment was designed in Solidworks Premium 2016 software and then it was simulated through Comsol Multiphysics using thermoelastic physics interface. The analysis was observed for aluminum and cast iron as job material and high speed steel as cutting tool. The result found during analysis was more heat generation in cast iron machining compared to aluminum. It was also determined that the total temperature field of job material during cutting process changes with simultaneous change in cutting speed and feed rate. The results certified the endeavor of making a comparison between two dissimilar materials for determining the optimum condition in production aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]