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In response to the escalating environmental impact of fossil fuels, there's a growing demand for clean energy solutions, particularly efficient metal-air batteries. Metal-air batteries are promising for energy storage, boasting abundant materials and low cost. However, their efficiency is hindered by slow oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. Synthesizing effective and stable oxygen electrocatalysts is crucial for enhancing battery performance. Here, this work used a simple solvothermal method to synthesize Iron–Cobalt metal-organic framework (FeCo-MOF), Manganese–Iron–Cobalt metal-organic framework (MnFeCo-MOF), and their composites with (1, 3, and 5) wt% rGO and characterized via using XRD, SEM, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. Electrochemical testing was conducted in 1 M KOH solution for both OER and ORR. The 3 wt% rGO MnFeCo-MOF shown the lowest overpotential of 54 mV at 10 mA/cm2 and the lowest Tafel slope of 63.4 mV/dec, with highest current density of 79.42 mA/cm2 at 25 mV/s scan rate for OER indicating excellent electrocatalytic activity superior to already reported in literature due to synergistic effect of Mn, Fe, Co, and rGO facilitating rapid electron transfer and more active sites. The 3 wt% rGO MnFeCo-MOF exhibited the halfwave potential of 0.74 V for ORR showing excellent activity comparable to commercial catalysts Pt/C. The lower potential gap ΔE 0.66 V from the overall combined plot of OER/ORR shows efficient and stable bifunctional activity of the 3 wt% rGO MnFeCo-MOF. These exceptional electrocatalytic properties pave the way for future advancements in metal-air batteries. [Display omitted] • FeCo-MOF, MnFeCo-MOF, and their composites with rGO were synthesized solvothermaly at 120 °C. • 3 wt% rGO MnFeCo-MOF showed lowest TAFEL slope 63.4 mV/dec and overpotential of 54 mV at 10 mA/cm2 for OER. • 3 wt% rGO MnFeCo-MOF for ORR has a halfwave potential of 0.74 V. • Exhibited excellent stability studied via chronopotentiometry experiment. • Synergic effect among rGO and Mn, Fe, Co MOF active sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical water splitting for sustainable hydrogen and oxygen production have shown enormous potentials. However, this method needs low‐cost and highly active catalysts. Traditional nano catalysts, while effective, have limits since their active sites are mostly restricted to the surface and edges, leaving interior surfaces unexposed in redox reactions. Single atom catalysts (SACs), which take advantage of high atom utilization and quantum size effects, have recently become appealing electrocatalysts. Strong interaction between active sites and support in SACs have considerably improved the catalytic efficiency and long‐term stability, outperforming their nano‐counterparts. This review's first section examines the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) and the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER). In the next section, SACs are categorized as noble metal, non‐noble metal, and bimetallic synergistic SACs. In addition, this review emphasizes developing methodologies for effective SAC design, such as mass loading optimization, electrical structure modulation, and the critical role of support materials. Finally, Carbon‐based materials and metal oxides are being explored as possible supports for SACs. Importantly, for the first time, this review opens a discussion on waste‐derived supports for single atom catalysts used in electrochemical reactions, providing a cost‐effective dimension to this vibrant research field. The well‐known design techniques discussed here may help in development of electrocatalysts for effective water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorghum is the 4th largest cereal crop in the world with diverse flavonoid and phenolic compounds. It is resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. Sweet sorghum is mostly grown for its grain as well as for the production of ethanol and biofuels. Sorghum is also the main food source with numerous health benefits. Plant growth and development are sustained by metabolites which include both primary and secondary metabolites. Sorghum varieties are characterized on the basis of morphological, molecular, and biochemical factors. Morphometric characterization is a simple and cost-effective method; however, it is greatly influenced by environmental factors. While metabolite profiling pinpoints the basis of plant morphological variations. Metabolomics provides a link between morphological and genetic factors. Moreover, it has applications in gene discovery via metabolomic quantitative traits loci (mQTL) identification. This study was aimed at characterizing three sweet sorghum accessions with characteristic seed colors. Phenotypic data related to grain-related traits was recorded. Flavonoid and phenolic contents of these accessions were also analyzed. Sorghum accession with dark red seed color contained higher phenolic contents as compared to the accession with white seed color. The study provides an interpretation of morphological variations in the grain-related traits of these accessions from the metabolomics perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This, study reports ZIF-8 and its g-C3N4 based composites for successful adsorption of carbon dioxide gas at temperature of 45 °C and 0–15 bar pressure. These samples were characterized via using different techniques like XRD, EDX, SEM, FTIR to study the structural and morphological properties, The SEM results shows rougher and porous rhombic dodecahedron morphology, and the EDX analysis confirms that the catalyst production is free of impurities. The FTIR and XRD analyses show all the peaks and bands correspond to crystalline structure and necessary functional group presence in the prepared adsorbents. The ZIF-8 and its g-C3N4 composites have good adsorption capacity. Among them ZIF-8@3wt% g-C3N4 shows the highest adsorption capacity of 315 mg g−1 at 45 °C and 0–15 bar pressure. The rising adsorption trend of all prepared materials shows that these samples do not reach their saturation point and can still adsorb more CO2 even at a pressure higher than 15 bar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Graphitic carbon nitride is of interest for its intercalation, ion exchange, and redox properties as it exhibits high catalytic activity. Besides, its high nitrogen content and facile synthesis procedure may provide a good balance between activity and durability. We report novel g‐C3N4 based MOF as a novel electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). Two methods are involved in the catalytic synthesis, namely the hydrothermal method for the Cu/Ni MOF and its composites synthesis, and g‐C3N4 is obtained by pyrolysis of melamine. To explore the structural and morphological properties, all the catalysts were eventually characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDX techniques, whereas cyclic voltammetry (CV) revealed the electrochemical response for the oxidation of methanol in 3 M methanol and 1 M NaOH on modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrochemical results illustrate that as the amount of g‐C3N4 increases current density for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The maximum current density is 103.42 mA/cm2 shown by Cu/Ni MOF@5 wt% g‐C3N4 at 0.9 V while the scan rate is 50 mV/s. Thus, graphitic carbon nitride addition in MOF composites enhanced its durability and high carbon monoxide (CO) tolerance makes active catalysts in alkaline electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The flexible as well as wearable devices encroachment prerequisites proficient energy storage devices to satisfy their power demands. Metal ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors have attained the researcher's prodigious interest in the preset era owing to their grander energy storage features such as long cycle life, high energy, and power density. A major limitation in the practical application of metal‐ion batteries in wearable devices is their inflexible and toxic nature, flammability, and low power density owing to organic nature electrolytes. In contrast, the utilization of aqueous electrolytes in supercapacitors makes them a safer substitute for wearable applications. As an emerging crystalline material, Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are innovative electrode materials implemented for energy storage devices because of their prominent features such as huge surface area, 3D porous and tunable structure, and permeability to extraneous entities, etc. Although the original MOFs exhibit less conductivity, this problem can be resolved by making their composites with conductive materials. Transition metal‐based MOF electrodes are highly auspicious for wearable, and flexible supercapacitors due to their benign nature, low cost, high energy, and power density, as well as good stability. This review emphasizes the supercapacitors technology, their types, efficiency controlling factors for supercapacitors, new inventions in the field of non‐noble metal‐based MOFs electrode materials for the development of the supercapacitors by synthesizing the MOFs, MOFs derived materials, and composites by different fabrication schemes as well as the challenges associated with the utilization of MOFs and their promising solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present work comprehensively investigated the electrochemical response of Nickel-2 Aminoterephthalic acid Metal–Organic Framework (NiNH2BDC) and its reduced graphitic carbon (rGO) based hybrids for methanol (CH3OH) oxidation reaction (MOR) in an alkaline environment. In a thorough analysis of a solvothermally synthesized Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and its reduced graphitic carbon-based hybrids, functional groups detection was performed by FTIR, the morphological study by SEM, crystal structure analysis via XRD, and elemental analysis through XPS while electrochemical testing was accomplished by Chronoamperometry (CA), Cyclic Voltametric method (CV), Electrochemically Active Surface Area (EASA), Tafel slope (b), Electron Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Mass Activity, and roughness factor. Among all the fabricated composites, NiNH2BDC MOF/5 wt% rGO hybrid by possessing an auspicious current density (j) of 267.7 mA/cm2 at 0.699 V (vs Hg/HgO), a Tafel slope value of 60.8 mV dec−1, EASA value of 15.7 cm2, and by exhibiting resistance of 13.26 Ω in a 3 M CH3OH/1 M NaOH solution displays grander electrocatalytic activity as compared to state-of-the-art platinum-based electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The human craving for energy is continually mounting and becoming progressively difficult to Gratify. At present, the world's massive energy demands are chiefly encountered by nonrenewable and benign fossil fuels. However, the development of dynamic energy cradles for a gradually thriving world to lessen fossil fuel reserve depletion and environmental concerns are persistent issues for society at present. The discovery of copious nonconventional resources to fill the gap between energy petition and supply is the extreme obligation of the modern era. A new emergent, clean, and robust alternate of fossil fuels are the fuel cells. Among the different types of fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cells are an outstanding option for light‐duty vehicles and portable devices. A critical tactic for striving and sustainable energy sources is the production of highly proficient, economical, and green catalysts for energy storage and conversion devices. Up till now a broad range of research work is available to use Pt and modify Pt‐based electrocatalysts to augment the CH3OH oxidation process. Platinum‐based nanocubes, nanorods, nanoflower, hybrids of Pt with metal‐oxides such as Fe2O3, TiO2, SnO2, MnO, Cu2O, ZnO, and with conducting polymers are extensively utilized in both acidic and basic media. Moreover, Pd‐based materials, transition metal‐based materials as well as MOF and MOF‐derived materials are also the point of interest for researchers nowadays. However, the problem associated with their practical applications is that they can be effectively employed in basic media due to comparative less stability in acidic medium. This review article will deliver a broad vision of the current progress of the MOR process concerning noble metals, transition metals, and MOF‐based materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, electrocatalytic studies of highly active and non-precious metal based Cobalt benzene tricarboxlic acid (Co BTC) metal organic framework (MOF) and its reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) were performed in an alkaline media by employing cyclic voltammetry. Cobalt based MOF and their rGO composites were solvothermally synthesized. Prepared samples were further characterized for structural and morphological analysis through X-rays diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. During CV studies the main emphasis was to observe the effect of rGO concentration on electrochemical response of synthesized materials for OER. Co BTC-5 wt % rGO (Cobalt benzene tricarboxlic acid-reduced graphene oxide) composite with current density of 10 mA/cm2 at over potential 0.29 V vs. RHE proved to be a potential candidate due to its high activity and stability for OER. Image 1 • Co BTC-rGO composites were synthesized solvothermaly at 100 °C. • Co BTC-5wt% rGO showed peak current density of 287 mA/cm2 in CV at scan rate of 200 mV/s in alkaline media. • In LSV Co BTC-5wt% rGO showed current density of 10 mA/cm2 at V on set 1.45 V and η 0.29 vs RHE. • Exhibited excellent stability studied via chronoamperometry experiment. • Synergic effect among rGO and Co BTC MOF active sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, electrocatalytic activity of cobalt benzene tricarboxylic acid metal organic framework (Co BTC MOF) and its reduced graphene oxide based composites (rGO/Co BTC) were investigated in an alkaline media for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). Metal Organic frameworks (MOF) and their composites were solvothermally prepared and characterized via FTIR, EDX, SEM and XRD. Electrochemical studies were performed by cyclic voltammetry, electron impedance spectroscopy, chronoamperometry and cyclic stability. Among all the prepared composites, 1 wt % rGO/Co BTC MOF (1.07 mg cm−2) demonstrated a promising current density of 130 mA cm−2 at 1.59 V vs. RHE, a tafel slope of 83.6 mV dec−1 and resistance of 14.75 Ω in 1 M NaOH/ 2 M methanol solution showing much better performance than state‐of‐the‐art Pt based materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present work the development of copper benzenetricarboxylic acid metal organic framework (Cu-BTC MOF) based electrocatalyst and the effect of graphene oxide on catalytic activity of metal organic framework were studied for methanol oxidation reaction. Cu-MOF was prepared by a facile hydrothermal method and graphene oxide flakes were synthesized via improved Hummer's method. Surface morphological studies of catalyst were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy technique, which revealed cubic structure of crystals, while the crystallinity and functional groups present were characterized through X-ray Diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy respectively. Electrochemical studies were conducted by using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and chronoamperometry techniques. Among all series of catalyst, 5 wt% GO/Cu-MOF exhibit highest current density of 120 mA/cm2 at a scan rate value of 50 mV/s at a voltage of 0.9 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis of Ni-BDC MOF and its 1–8 wt% g-C 3 N 4 /Ni-BDC MOF composites were successfully prepared via the solvothermal method. • These samples are characterized by using different techniques like XRD, EDX, SEM, FTIR to investigate the structural and morphological properties. • The MOFs and their composites were studied for CO 2 adsorption and desorption at a temperature of 25 °C and 0–15 bar pressure. • 5 wt% g-C 3 N 4 /Ni-BDC MOF shows the highest adsorption capacity of 0.50 mmol/g. The substantial challenge that the world is facing nowadays, is the increase in greenhouse gasses which causes global warming. Therefore, there must be a technique to overcome its global emission rate. Accordingly, many absorbents and adsorption techniques are used to capture the CO 2 gas. Here, this study reports a novel class of adsorbents Metal Organic Framework (MOF) and its g-C 3 N 4 based composites are used to adsorb CO 2. The synthesis of Ni-BDC MOF and its 1–8 wt% g-C 3 N 4 /Ni-BDC MOF composites were successfully prepared via the solvothermal method. These samples are characterized by using different techniques like XRD, EDX, SEM, FTIR to investigate the structural and morphological properties. The MOFs and their composites were studied for CO 2 adsorption and desorption at a temperature of 25 °C and 0–15 bar pressure. Among all the composites, 5 wt% g-C 3 N 4 /Ni-BDC MOF shows the highest adsorption capacity of 0.50 mmol/g. The rising adsorption trend of all prepared materials shows that these samples do not reach their saturation point and can still adsorb more CO 2 even at pressure higher than 15 bar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Fe-Co/NC with rGO electrocatalysts are derived by the pyrolysis method. • rGO as a support improves the catalytic performance and stability of MOF. • 5 wt% rGO@Fe-Co/NC exhibit overpotential for HER (-0.164 V) and OER (0.14 V) • The catalyst showed stability up to 24 h. This study focuses on the rational design and synthesis of catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). A two-step method is employed, where the catalysts are first designed through hydrothermal synthesis and then subjected to pyrolysis at 400 °C under an argon environment. The performance of the designed electrocatalyst Fe-Co/NC, along with its 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt% rGO-based composites, is compared against commercial catalysts, 5 wt% Pt/C, and IrO 2 , for HER and OER. From all of the synthesized electrocatalysts, the 5 wt% rGO@Fe-Co/NC electrocatalyst exhibits exceptional electrochemical activity with less overpotential for both HER (−0.164 V) and OER (0.14 V) in the presence of alkaline media. Furthermore, this composite remained stable for 24 h without any degradation. The improved electrocatalytic activity of the 5 wt% rGO@Fe-Co/NC composite compared to Fe-Co/NC can be attributed to the presence of support materials like rGO and the availability of nanoporous carbon containing iron and cobalt. This successful combination of doping and interface engineering holds significant promise in the design of advanced electrocatalytic materials for water-splitting processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between parenting styles and aggression in adolescents studying in various schools of Lahore, Pakistan. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 adolescents (100 male & 100 females). Parenting Style Questionnaire and Aggression scale were used to collect the data. Sample was selected from 3 schools of Lahore (King Way High School, Shaheen High School and Lahore Garrison School) using purposive sampling strategy. The age range of sample was 14 to 18 years. In the present study we hypothesized; adolescents with authoritarian parents will have high level of aggression as compared to the adolescents of authoritative parents. We used Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression techniques to find out the results from collected data. RESULTS: Mean age of participants was 13.09±0.86 years. Significant positive association was found between authoritarian parenting style and aggression (P<0.01) and significant inverse relationship between authoritative style of parenting and aggression (P<0.05) in adolescents. So, parents with authoritarian parenting style had higher level of aggression. Authoritarian parenting significantly predicted (19%) aggression in adolescents, while authoritative parenting style was not a significant predictor of aggression in adolescents. CONCLUSION: In our study, there is significant effect of authoritative and authoritarian parenting style on aggression and most of the children from authoritarian parents have high level of aggression as compared to authoritative parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this work the electrochemical oxidation of methanol is studied on NiO based MOFs and its composites with reduced graphene oxides. NiO-MOF and its composites were prepared through hydrothermal method. The as-prepared materials were characterized by SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR and Raman IR for their morphological and structural properties. The activity of prepared catalyst for oxidation of methanol was tested via cyclic voltammetry (CV) in an alkaline media on glassy carbon electrode. The electrochemical performance shows the effect of rGO concentration on methanol oxidation. The electro oxidation catalyzed by NiO-MOF and NiO-MOF/rGO composites exhibits a magnificent peak current density of 275.85 mA/cm2 at 0.8 V potential with a scan rate 50 mV/s making them a potential candidate for electrocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work utilized an innovative and economical remediation method to convert inexpensive waste feedstock into extremely useful catalysts. The procedure centered on polyethylene (PE), an easily accessible substance, and effectively transformed it at a mild temperature utilizing a new solvothermal technique, which entailed the reaction of sulfuric acid with PE chains at 120 °C. Throughout this process, the polymer experienced a pivotal cross-linking stage, resulting in its conversion into carbon materials when exposed to temperatures above 500 °C. To improve the catalytic characteristics, platinum (Pt) was effectively integrated into the resultant carbon matrix using the existing impregnation technique. Further, the catalyst's physicochemical properties were thoroughly analyzed utilizing SEM, FTIR, and XRD techniques. After that, the catalyst's performance was thoroughly evaluated in several electrocatalytic reactions, such as methanol oxidation, oxygen evolution and reduction reactions, and hydrogen evolution. The results of this investigation reveal the impressive electrocatalytic ability of the Pt/C catalyst made from waste plastic. It was found to be comparable to the best commercially available Pt/C catalysts in all the reactions that were examined. This research not only demonstrates the possibility of using waste plastic for catalyst production, but also serves as the first documented example, based on successfully converting waste plastic bags into Pt/C through the conventional Liquid Phase Reduction (LPR) process. This novel method has great potential for sustainable and ecologically responsible catalytic applications. • The waste plastic derived Pt/C catalyst was prepared by solvothermal method. • For MOR plastic derived Pt/C shows electrocatalytic activity of 96.74 mA/cm2 current density and 46 % stability. • For OER it attain a current density of 10 mA/cm2 at a potential of 1.65 V. • For HER achieve current density of 10 mA/cm2 at a low voltage of 39.1 mV. • For ORR it exhibits −2.80 mA cm⁻2 of current density and half potential of 0.86 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Li-air batteries have maximum theoretical energy density depending on electrolyte. • MXenes synthesis by varying etching parameters, results in unique level of quality. • Ti 3 C 2 T x composites with MOFs shows excellent OER activity and stability. • Nanocomposite supported by the Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene enhances the ORR activity. • Ti x C x-1 as cathode catalyst in LAB has good activity and Li 2 CO 3 impact is avoided. Electrocatalysis plays an important role to achieve a sustainable energy economy. Electrocatalysts enable the generation of clean fuels and feedstock of chemicals from several resources such as CO 2 , water, and nitrogen by facilitating many redox reactions in conversion systems and energy storage. The lack of readily available catalysts that meet the requirements of being economical, long-lasting, and efficient is the main biggest challenge to their widespread implementation. The MXenes, 2D new materials emerging family carries a lot of potential as electrocatalysts in MABs because of their exceptional combination of hydrophilicity, higher electrical conductivities, and tunable surface properties. Introduction to metal-air batteries, synthesis methods, MXenes properties, and MXenes electrocatalytic activities applications are described in this article, including their electrocatalytic activity in OER, HER, ORR, and as a bifunctional electrocatalyst. The prospect, challenges, and methods of increasing their electrocatalytic activities in MABs are also discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increase in urbanization and consequent growth in vehicular fleets, resulting air pollution is becoming a serious problem for urban environment. One of the technological options to control vehicular emissions is catalytic converters. Here we report catalytic converter based on Co 3 O 4 /TiO 2 as catalyst with stainless steel wire mesh as a substrate. Catalyst was prepared by wet impregnation and incipient wetness impregnation methods. Catalyst was tested for oxidation of CO and HC present in the tailpipe emissions of 125 cm 3 engine. The conversion efficiencies were superior in catalysts prepared with incipient wetness impregnation method as compared to wet impregnation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main focus of this work is the development of nonprecious, highly effective, stable, and bifunctional electrocatalysts for water splitting. In this paper, a highly active electrocatalyst LSTN was designed, which is composed of LSTN (La 0.4 Sr 0.4 Ti 0.9 Ni 0.1 O 3-&) perovskite and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) by sol-gel method followed by calcination at high temperature. XRD, SEM, EDX, and FTIR are the techniques used to characterize the prepared catalysts. In alkaline media, LSTN and g-C 3 N 4 hybrids exhibit exceptional electro-catalytic activity for water splitting. Specifically, 3 wt% g-C 3 N 4 @LSTN hybrid shows excellent electro-catalytic activity for both oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions by offering a small overpotential of 62 mV and 148 mV at 10 mA cm-2, respectively. It also exhibits small values of the Tafel slope for oxygen evaluation reaction (OER) and hydrogen evaluation reaction (HER), which are 119 and 32 mVdec-1, respectively. Results showed that 3 wt% g-C 3 N 4 @LSTN hybrid is a highly active, stable, and economical electrocatalyst and proves to be the promising option for water splitting. • A novel electrocatalyst synthesized for OER and HER. • Electrocatalyst is prepared by sol-gel method followed by high temperature calcination. • 3 wt% g-C 3 N 4 @LSTN hybrid shows excellent electrocatalytic activity for HER and OER. • Tafel slope 62 mVdec-1 for HER and 142 mVdec-1 for OER. • Low overpotential values for OER and HER are 62 mV and 148 mV, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of methanol oxidation electrocatalysts are based on platinum‐group metals such as platinum, palladium, and ruthenium. However, their usage is restricted because of their high cost, scarcity, and carbon monoxide toxicity concerns. We devised a simple approach for preparing a nickel foam (NF) based electrode using in‐situ synthesis of metal organic framework, such as Co‐MOF/NF, Ni‐MOF/NF, Mo‐MOF/NF, NC‐MOF/NF, MC‐MOF/NF, NM‐MOF/NF, and NMC‐MOF/NF, as an efficient electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation to produce carbon dioxide and water. Catalysts were synthesized using a hydrothermal process. In methanol with alkaline electrolyte, the as‐prepared NMC‐MOF/NF catalysts had the highest current density response, such as 5641 mA/cm2, in contrast to other bimetallic and single metal‐based metal organic framework electrocatalysts supported on Ni foam. We also observed that the NMC‐MOF/NF could efficiently catalyze the oxidation of carbon monoxide while being relatively unaffected by it. After 20,000 seconds in methanol oxidation, NMC‐MOF/NF based electrode retained about 100 % of its initial activity. Following simple synthesis technique and the improved catalytic efficiency and stability of NMC‐MOF/NF, methanol can be used to generate energy‐efficient products such as hydrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Pd/Ni–Co catalyst and CaO based sorbent have been studied for sorption enhanced water gas shift reaction. [•] Fuel cell grade hydrogen was achieved in one-step water gas shift reaction with in-situ CO2 capture. [•] Improved resistance to methanation reaction was found by using 30%Ni–10%Co catalyst. [•] CaCeZr mix oxide sorbent was evaluated for enhanced capture capacity and better stability than dolomite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanomaterials find several applications in the oilfield operations. In oilwell drilling, nanomaterials are being used for mitigating wellbore instability conditions, improving thermal stability of the fluid, minimizing formation damage by preventing fluid invasion into the reservoir, improving fluid rheology, and controlling fluid loss. A wide range of nanomaterials from organic as well as inorganic and composites are being developed to accomplish the mentioned functions. Significant nanomaterials being developed include nanocellulosic particles, nanoclay, nanosilica, nanometals, nanometal oxides and nanopolymers. Improving fluid properties to develop smart fluids by the incorporation of nanomaterials is an emerging research field which is yielding promising results. This review article presents the recent development made in the applications of the nanomaterials in drilling fluids especially the nanosilica particles surface modified by organic ligands. Surface modification of nanosilica with organic ligands namely 3‐Glycidoxypropyl‐triethoxy silane (GPTS), hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (HPEI) and Moringa oleifera cationic protein (MOCP) are discussed. Applications of nanomaterials in drilling fluids to minimize wellbore instability, prevent formation damage, improve thermal stability and conductivity, stabilize fluid rheology, improve hole cleaning, and minimize the chances of downhole string sticking have been reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absence of stable and highly active non-precious metal electrocatalysts as a substitute to precious metal i.e., Pt (state-of-the-art) for methanol oxidation reaction in the application of direct methanol fuel cell considerably impedes the commercialization of these energy devices. In this work the electrocatalytic investigation of Fe-In MOF and its g-C3N4-based composites (i.e., 5–8 wt% g-C3N4@ Fe-In MOF) for methanol oxidation is reported. All the catalysts were prepared via solvothermal method. XRD, SEM, EDX, and FTIR were used to characterize the Fe-In MOF and its 5–8wt% g-C3N4 composites. In comparison to other prepared g-C3N4 based Fe-In MOF composites, the 7wt% g-C3N4 @ Fe-In MOF catalyst showed much greater electrochemical activity (i.e., 95.54 mA/cm2) and stability of 72.45% in 1 M NaOH and 3 M CH3OH. Due to graphitic carbon nitride specified high catalytic activity, intercalation, ion exchange, and redox properties. Further, the availability of iron (Fe) and indium (In) may also show a significant role in enhancing the electrocatalytic performance of 7wt% g-C3N4 @ Fe-In MOF over Fe-In MOF. They could be viewed as stable and economical electrocatalysts due to their numerous advantageous characteristics in structure, content, and nitrogen doping level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis of a ZIF-67-based Molybdenum disulfide composite. • Electrochemical measurement showed a high specific capacitance of 612 Fg−1 of the sample having equal molar masses of Mo and ZIF-67/NPC. • The incorporation of ZIF-67/NPC greatly improved the electrochemical properties of MoS 2 the material also showed a high cyclic stability of 92% after 4000 cycles. Here in, we report the synthesis of a ZIF-67-based Molybdenum disulfide composite and analyze the structural and electrochemical properties of the material. A class of zeolitic imidazole framework ZIF-67 (Co) was first synthesized and annealed in a reducing (Ar/H 2) environment. To form Co/NPC (Nano-porous Carbon). Then different masses of Co/NPC were added during the hydrothermal preparation of MoS 2 to check the effect of Co/NPC while the amounts of Mo and S were kept constant. Three samples with different mass ratios CMS-1 (Mo 1 :Co/NPC 0.5), CMS-2 (Mo 1 :Co/NPC 1), CMS-3 (Mo 1 :Co/NPC 2) were prepared. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of MoS 2 /Co 3 S 4 /NPC composite. Electrochemical measurement showed a high specific capacitance of 612F g−1 for the sample having equal mass ratio of Mo and Co/NPC i.e. CMS-2. The incorporation of Co/NPC significantly improved the electrochemical properties of MoS 2. The material also showed a high cyclic stability of 88.59 % after 9000 cycles. Among the three samples, the Mo 1 :Co/NPC 1 /CMS-2 showed the best performance hence proving to be the optimum ratio. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing strain-induced polarization to amplify the performance of photo-catalytic water-splitting systems has garnered significant attention in view of clean H 2 evolution with no environmental footprint. However, achieving efficient charge separation, high underwater suspension efficiency, and sustained cyclic stability remains a persistent challenge. In this study, we employed a classic low-temperature ball milling technique to synthesize rhombohedral bismuth sodium titanate phase B 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 as a matrix material. One-step superimposed reduced graphene oxide with cobalt oxide loading RGO-Co 3 O 4 is used as reinforcement. The cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4) is expected to speed up classically slow OER reaction. The addition of reinforcement lowers the band gap of our material and makes it more visible light active to optimize full spectrum absorption. We report a 14.79% increase in H 2 evolution with the addition of reinforcement and optimal H 2 evolution was achieved with 5% RGO-Co 3 O 4 (517 μmol/g-h). After the introduction of simultaneous photo and piezoelectric potential by using an ultrasonicator, H 2 evolution is much enhanced 109 μmol/g-h surpassing piezo catalysis 66 μmol/g-h and photo catalysis 64 μmol/g-h. Herein, we also explore renewable alternatives using manure and seawater revealing improved H 2 evolution that is 1.8% and 50.4% respectively. Additionally, the piezo-photo catalyst demonstrates remarkable performance without a sacrificial agent further highlighting its exceptional potential. Moreover, we also uncover the role of Co 3 O 4 as a co-catalyst and RGO as a promoter in direct and indirect z-schemes for water splitting. This work provides insight into harnessing and designing ingenious composites for efficient and stable piezo-photo catalysts for efficient and stable water-splitting systems. [Display omitted] • A novel metal-free BNT/RGO-Co 3 O 4 z-scheme composite piezo-photo catalyst was fabricated successfully. • The same piezo-photo catalyst was used for renewable mediums such as seawater and manure. • The catalyst demonstrates a direct z-scheme for the higher concentration of co-catalyst with no need for promoter. • The inclusion of BNT in the piezo-photo catalyst is responsible for both direct and indirect bands in all composite variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• NiO/FeO MOF and its reduced graphene oxide based composites such as 1–5 wt% FeO/NiO MOF were solvothermaly synthesized. • Synthesized bimetallic MOF and its reduced graphene oxide based composites (1–5 wt% FeO/NiO MOF) were employed as an electro catalyst for methanol oxidation. • 4 wt% FeO/NiO MOF composite exhibit superior current density 486.14 mA/cm2 at potential of 0.85 V in 3 M CH 3 OH. • Key reason behind high catalytic activity of 4 wt% FeO/NiO MOF composite was because of synergetic effect of reduced graphene oxide and MOF catalysts. We report a novel bimetallic iron oxide/nickel oxide metal–organic framework (FeO/NiO MOF) that has been synthesized by using two different linkers; 2, 5-dihydroxy terephthalic acid (DHTA) and Pyrazine and also its composites are prepared with reduced graphene oxide from 1 to 5 wt% rGO FeO/NiO MOF and afterwards characterized via several important techniques like FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDX for examination of their morphological and structural properties. The synthesized series of bimetallic MOFs composites were later used as catalyst for methanol oxidation, tested via cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 3 M Methanol and 1 M NaOH on modified GCE. The electrochemical results illustrate that electrocatalytic response of the MOF boosts astonishingly with gradual loadings of rGO from (1–4 wt%) and among all prepared series 4 wt% rGO-FeO/NiO MOF shows the highest current density of 486.14 mA/cm2 at potential of 0.85 V with scan rate of 50 mV/cm2. This superlative response of prepared catalyst makes it a promising catalytic material for methanol oxidation in DMFC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this study, the electrocatalytic activity of mono‐metallic Co/NPC, bi‐metallic MnCo/NPC, and ternary NiMnCo/NPC in alkaline media for the methanol oxidation process was examined (MOR). These materials were produced using a simple solution mixing method and characterized using FTIR, EDX, SEM, XPS, TGA, and XRD. In a three‐electrode arrangement, on glassy carbon electrodes, the investigation of methanol oxidation for electrochemical activity of catalysts was carried in 1 M NaOH and 3 M CH3OH. Electrochemical studies included cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The ternary NiMnCo/NPC composite, which has a peak current density of 147.85 mA/cm2 at 0.8 potential and a scan rate of 50 mV/s among all the composites developed, is a promising catalyst for methanol electrocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work describes electrocatalytic behavior of amiable and economical iron nickel 2-amioterephthalic acid metal organic framework (FeNiNH 2 BDC MOF) and its 2–6 wt % carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an alkaline media. Systematic structural and morphological analysis of solvothermally fabricated Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni) based MOF and their CNTs composites was carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. Synergetic effect of bimetallic metal organic framework (MOF) and conductive CNTs support improves the catalytic response of MOF. FeNiNH 2 BDC-5 wt % CNTs composite demonstrated current density of 10 mA/cm2 at an over potential (η) 0.22 V and onset potential of 1.36 V vs RHE, comparable with RuO 2 state-of-the-art catalytic material for oxygen evolution reaction in a fuel cell. Furthermore, FeNiNH 2 BDC-5 wt % CNTs composite tafel slope of 68.50mV/dec and 0.67s−1 turnover frequency (TOF) ascertain it as a promising alternative candidate towards costly Pt, Pd, Ir and Ru based catalysts. Image 1 • FeNi MOF composites with carbon nanotubes were solvothermally synthesized. • Synthesized FeNi MOF-CNTs composites were studied as electrocatalysts for OER in alkaline medium. • FeNiNH 2 BDC-5 wt % CNTs composite exhibit superior catalytic activity towards OER. • Stability retained by samples was studied via chronoamperometry experiment. • Synergetic effect between CNTs support and bimetallic MOF catalyst exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emissions associated with fossil fuel production, valorization, and utilization are serious challenges to the global environment. Therefore, several developments of CO2 capture, separation, transportation, storage, and valorization have been explored. Consequently, we documented a comprehensive review of the most advanced strategies adopted in metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) for CO2 capture and separation. The enhancements in CO2 capture and separation are generally achieved due to the chemistry of MOFs by controlling pore window, pore size, open‐metal sites, acidity, chemical doping, post or pre‐synthetic modifications. The chemistry of defects engineering, breathing in MOFs, functionalization in MOFs, hydrophobicity, and topology are the salient advanced strategies, recently reported in MOFs for CO2 capture and separation. Therefore, this review summarizes MOF materials′ advancement explaining different strategies and their role in the CO2 mitigations. The study also provided useful insights into key areas for further investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work a novel bimetallic nickel oxide/copper oxide metal–organic framework (NiO/CuO MOF) has been developed by using two linkers: Benzene Dicarboxylic acid (BDC) and Pyrazine. The composites of NiO/CuO MOF with different amounts of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were synthesized through a hydrothermal method and subsequently characterized by multiple significant techniques like XRD, SEM, EDX, FTIR and Raman IR for an investigation of their structural and morphological properties. The prepared series of material was later employed for electrochemical oxidation of methanol, tested by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in basic medium on a modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrochemical response depicts that increasing concentration of rGO enhances the electrocatalytic activity of the catalyst for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The catalyzed oxidation reaction of methanol by NiO/CuO MOF and rGO-NiO/CuO MOF composites give a superlative current density of 437. 28 mA/cm2 at 0.9 V potential at 50 mV/s scan rate. This activity makes it a promising catalytic material for electrolysis of methanol in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work gives an insight into combined experimental and DFT study of water gas shift reaction on Ni catalysts at moderately elevated temperatures. The relative reactivity of surface adsorbed species O*, OH* and H* with CO* and their catalytic consequence in reaction mechanism and kinetics was studied. DFT investigation and microkinetic analysis pointed out that the favorable reaction pathway depends on the relative reactivity of O*, OH* and H* with CO* on the surface. It rationalizes the experimental observed changes in kinetics with hydrogen pressure. • Experimental and DFT study leads to WGS reaction mechanism insight on Ni catalyst. • It reveals dependency of the reaction mechanism and kinetics on hydrogen pressure. • Reaction pathway is dependent on relative reactivity of O*, OH* and H* with CO*. • DFT studies rationalize the experimental changes in kinetics with H 2 pressure. This paper presents a combined experimental and density functional theory study of the relative reactivity of surface species O*, OH*, and H* with CO* on nickel catalysts and their catalytic consequence in reaction mechanism and kinetics of water gas shift reaction. The kinetic study illustrates the hydrogen reaction order changes from 0.5 at relatively low hydrogen pressures to -1 at high hydrogen pressures. Detailed kinetic analysis indicated a hydrogen-induced change of the corresponding reaction pathway from hydrogen assisted CO activation to the redox mechanism with CO*+O* as a rate-determining step. The DFT investigation revealed that the surrounding surface H* atoms destabilize more significantly O* adsorption than H* adsorption, thus enhance more the reactivity of O* than H* towards reaction with CO* at high H* coverage. This kinetic study provides an insightful depiction for the future study of CO activation on other transition metals and the catalyst development for WGS reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of zirconia on the 6 wt.% Co3O4/TiO2 catalyst for NOx reduction is investigated in this paper. Co3O4/TiO2 catalyst was prepared by using hydrothermal method and then was promoted with zirconia by impregnation to get 8% wt. ZrO2-Co3O4/TiO2 catalyst. Catalysts were characterized by using XRD, SEM, and TGA. Catalysts real time activity was tested by coating them on stainless steel wire meshes, containing them in a mild steel shell and mounting them at the exhaust tailpipe of a 72 cm3 motorcycle engine. Zirconia promoted catalyst showed higher conversion efficiency of NOX than the simple Co3O4/TiO2 catalyst due to small crystalline size, fouling inhibition and thermal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cubic Zirconia (CZ) has emerged as a critical material with diverse applications, ranging from high-performance ceramics to electronic devices. Designing CZ-based systems with improved functions necessitates a thorough understanding of its topological characteristics. The topological co-indices are numerical descriptors that offer important details about the local atomic configurations and connectivity inside the CZ lattice. In this study, we present a methodical approach to compute and assess the distribution of these co-indices throughout the CZ network using advanced computational approaches. The distribution patterns of topological co-indices inside the CZ network are significantly better understood as a result of our statistical investigation. The basic knowledge of the topological properties of the CZ network and how they relate to physical properties is improved by this study. Cubic Zirconia (CZ) has emerged as a critical material with diverse applications, ranging from high-performance ceramics to electronic devices. The outcomes revealed a relationship between the topological characteristics of the network and its mechanical, thermal, and electrical characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the methanol oxidation reaction is investigated on Ni based metal organic frameworks (MOF) and its composites with biomass derived activated carbon. NiO-MOF and composites with activated carbon were synthesized using hydrothermal method. SEM, EDX, and XRD, FTIR, TGA techniques were used for characterization of composites. The electrochemical activity of catalysts for oxidation of methanol was tested using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 1 M KOH and 3 M CH3OH on glassy carbon electrode in three electrode setup. The electrochemical performance shows the effect of activated carbon concentration on methanol oxidation. The electro-oxidation catalyzed by NiO-MOF with activated carbon (40 mg) composite exhibits a peak current density of 182.72 mA/cm2 at 0.89 V potential with a scan rate of 50 mV/s making it a potential catalyst for electrocatalysis of methanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, electrochemical oxidation of methanol to formic acid using the economical and highly active catalytic Nickel Benzene tricarboxylic acid metal organic framework (Ni-BTC-MOF) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites modified glassy carbon electrode GCE in alkaline media, which was examined via cyclic voltammetry technique. Nickel based MOF and rGO nanocomposites were prepared by solvothermal approach, followed by morphological and structural characterization of prepared samples through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The electrochemical testing of synthesized materials represents the effect of the sequential increase in rGO concentration on electrocatalytic activity. The Ni-BTC/4 wt % rGO composite with a pronounced current density of 200.22 mA/cm2 at 0.69 V versus Hg/HgO electrode at 50 mV/s was found to be a potential candidate for methanol oxidation in Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) applications. Product analysis was carried out through Gas Chromatography (GC) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, which confirmed the formation of formic acid during the oxidation process, with approximately 62% yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Mo-MOF, MO/NPC and MO-MS/NPC were synthesized via solvothermal method at 200 °C and pyrolysis. • All prepared composites were characterized via SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD and XPS. • Synthesized series is tested for methanol oxidation and for oxygen reduction reactions. • MO-MS/NPC demonstrate higher electrochemical activity such as exhibiting 354.2 mA/cm2 current density for MOR and −9.54 ma/cm2 for ORR with low overpotential value of 0.80 V. In this paper, an effective method for synthesizing three different catalysts Mo-MOF, MO/NPC, and MO-MS/NPC by solvothermal preparation and pyrolysis processes has been described. The structural and compositional characteristics of these catalysts have been thoroughly analyzed using SEM, XRD, XPS, FTIR, and TEM characterization techniques. It is noteworthy that MO-MS/NPC has proven to have remarkable electrocatalytic capabilities, exhibiting high current density i.e., 354.3 mA/cm2 and stability in methanol oxidation as well as superior electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reactions Because of these qualities, MO-MS/NPC, MO/NPC, and Mo-MOF might be an attractive option as cathodic and anodic materials in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Their higher oxygen reduction abilities as cathode materials can boost the cathodic reaction's effectiveness and encourage the conversion of oxygen and protons into water, and also help methanol to oxidize into carbon dioxide at the anode, liberating electrons that can be used to produce electricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to promote the electrochemical reduction of CO2 into valuable products and chemical feedstock, the refinement of inexpensive, functioning, highly discerning catalysts is of utmost importance to alleviate inordinate carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere. This study presents an innovative electrocatalyst composed of MnO and CuO nanoparticles anchored onto Mn: Cu(1:2)@MOF. These nanocomposites offer multiple active sites for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction, resulting in a striking current density of almost − 58 mAcm−2 at − 2 V vs. Ag/AgCl (reference electrode) in 0.1 M aqueous KHCO3 electrolyte with faradic efficiency of nearly 52% for CO and 54% for methane at − 1.5 V and − 1.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl, respectively. This performance is in stark contrast to the Mn: Cu(1:1)@MOF and Mn: Cu(2:1)@MOF, which exhibit current densities of − 56 mAcm−2 and − 51 mAcm−2 respectively under similar cathodic voltages. The excellent catalytic accomplishment can be credited to the interaction between nanoparticles and MOFs, which allows enhanced absorption and activation for CO2 molecules due to approachable metallic components and matchless 2-D formation of Mn: Cu(1:2)@MOF. These finding presents a straightforward approach to promote CO2 to valuable products through the analytical formulation of MOF alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxide-based solid electrolytes are gaining popularity among researchers owing to their great structural stability. In this work, a novel oxide-based ternary composite (AlPO4-SiO2-Li4P2O7) electrolyte is synthesized via a conventional solid-state process with excellent water stability and high ionic conductivity. The crystallographic structure of ternary composite is confirmed using x-ray diffraction and has a significant effect on ionic conductivity. The thermogravimetric analysis result shows a 22.26 wt% loss in the region of 25°C to 900°C due to the evaporation of volatile constituents, including nitrates, carbonates, and moisture. Surface analysis results revealed compact morphology and low porosity with arbitrary grain sizes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has been used to evaluate ionic conductivities. The Mn-ternary composite sintered at 900°C has shown ionic conductivity of 1.63 × 10−6 S/cm at ambient temperature. 8 wt%-LiBr enhanced the ionic conductivity up to 1.68 × 10−4 S/cm by significantly reducing the grain boundaries without high-temperature sintering. Results suggested the suitability of LiBr mixed ternary composites as a favorite candidate for lithium batteries in terms of safety, stability, and high ionic conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The versatile uses of Copper(II) Fluoride (CuF2) are well known; these include its usage as a precursor in chemical synthesis as well as its contribution to the creation of sophisticated materials and electronics. There are interesting opportunities to study the interactions between these elements because of their unique crystal structure, which contains copper ions and fluoride anions. Its potential in optoelectronic devices and conductive qualities also make it a viable material for next-generation technologies. To better understand the structural properties of CuF2 and how they affect its entropy, we present new Zagreb indices in this study and use them to calculate entropy measures. We also build a regression model to clarify the relationship between the calculated indices and entropy levels. The findings of our investigation offer significant understanding regarding the ability of the suggested Zagreb indices to extract meaningful content and their correlation with entropy in the context of CuF2. This information is important for understanding CuF2 alloys and for exploring related complex materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study Mn–DABDC (DABDC = diaminobenzenedicarboxylate, or 2,5-diaminoterephthalate) MOF was synthesised both via an electrochemical method, to make Mn–DABDC(ES), and via a conventional solvothermal approach, to make Mn–DABDC(ST). A Mn–BDC (BDC = benzenedicarboxylate) MOF was also prepared by a conventional solvothermal method for gas uptake capacity comparison. Investigation of the electrochemical synthesis parameters demonstrated that current density, electrolyte amount and reaction time were the most significant factors affecting crystal synthesis and product yield. The best conditions found for obtaining a crystalline MOF with high yield (93%) were 70 mA current, electrolyte 2.7 mmol/30 ml DMF and 2 h of reaction time. These optimized electrochemical conditions allow for a relatively fast MOF synthesis, important for reducing synthesis cost compared with conventional hydrothermal and solvothermal methods. The Mn–DABDC(ES) MOF sample was fully characterized to analyse its structure, thermal stability and surface area. The electrochemically synthesized MOF has high carbon dioxide uptake (92.4 wt% at 15 bar and 273 K) and hydrogen uptake (12.3 wt% at 80 bar and 77 K). This is the first amine-based manganese MOF synthesized electrochemically, and the method has excellent potential for reducing large-scale MOF production costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: A significant interest in the exploration of clean and renewable alternative energy resources has been observed in recent years to combat environmental pollution and energy shortages for a sustainable future. In this regard, hydrogen is clean, energy‐rich fuel with unlimited potential. It can be produced via water‐splitting process using the most abundant resources on earth, that is, water and solar/electrical energy. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are a category of porous crystalline materials with well‐organized structures and unique catalytic, optical, and electrical properties. MOFs and MOF‐derived materials have proved to be excellent catalysts for water‐splitting both by electrochemical and photoelectrochemical (PEC) routes. Furthermore, photochemical and electrochemical capabilities of these MOFs can be fine‐tuned to maximize their performance by modification in the bandgap, surface area, current density, electrochemical active surface area, and overpotential, through tailoring of the organic ligands and/or metal centers. A number of works have been dedicated to this quest resulting in promising and very effective results. Such as for photoelectrocatalysis, a composite nanorod array of TiO2/Co‐MOF acting as photoanode achieved one of the highest photocurrent densities of 2.93 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V (vs reverse hydrogen electrode [RHE]). In another study, MOF‐derived Co3C‐3/TiO2 photoanode attained the photocurrent density of 2.6 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs RHE. For electrocatalysis, Fe2O3/Ni‐MOF‐74 exhibited oxygen evolution reaction overpotential of 264 mV to reach 10 mA/cm2 of current density with a low Tafel plot of 48 mV/dec. Another novel material derived from MOF, MoO2‐PC‐rGO displayed a Tafel Plot of 41 mV/dec. Even though this field is in its infancy phase, it is attracting increased attention for promising results suggesting extraordinary potential for practical applications. Focus of this review article is on the overview of the development of MOFs for application in electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic water‐splitting for hydrogen production. This review intends to provide a timely reference and insight for the advancement in catalysts based on MOFs for practical electrochemical and PEC water‐splitting in a clear and comprehensive manner. Starting with the brief introduction, fundamentals, factors affecting catalytic efficiency and evaluation parameters of water‐splitting are summarized followed by synthesis strategies and recent progress made by MOF‐based catalysts for PEC and electrochemical water‐splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofilm associated microbial resistance is a major concern in oral health and hygiene. Nano-antimicrobials (NAMs) having natural antibiotic replacers e.g. nisin are the possible solution to treat oral infections. In this study, we have developed pH responsive, mucoadhesive protein-polysaccharide [sodium caseinate (NaC)-sodium alginate (AL)] coacervate based nano-carrier systems (PPC-NCS) to prevent and eradicate oral biofilms associated pathogens e.g. Enterococcus faecium , Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis. PPC-NCS were formed at pH 5 with highest encapsulation efficiency of 75.1 ± 1.2%, then at pH 6 (31 ± 1.1%) and 7 (15 ± 2%). SEM of PPC-NCS displayed smooth and round morphology. Particle size of PPC-NCS was observed to be 244 nm by DLS, with negative zeta potential (−47 ± 4.31 mV). In FTIR analysis, merging of O H stretching peak of NaC (2889.53 cm−1) and CH stretching of AL (2920 cm−1) with appearance of a new peak at 2062 cm−1 was observed that confirmed covalent and hydrogen bonding between two compounds. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm assays demonstrated better control of nisin loaded PPC-NCS against selected pathogens, while preventing and eradicating bacterial biofilms successfully without any cytotoxic effect. These results recommend that coacervates based NAMs are suitable carriers for pH-triggered release of antimicrobials in the buccal cavity to control biofilm associated oral infections. Unlabelled Image • Potential of pH-responsive delivery of antimicrobials in the buccal cavity • pH-responsive nano-antimicrobials demonstrated excellent anti-biofilm potential. • Coacervation improved the mucoadhesion and release of nisin in simulated conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific and industrial interest in antimicrobial nano-carriers has significantly increased in recent years due to post-processing contamination. Liposomes are considered as promising food-grade carrier systems for bioactive-agents. However, due to relatively low stability of liposomes, surface modification or coating is required to improve its efficiency. The purpose of this study was to fabricate chitosan (CA) stabilized nano-liposomes (chitosomes) to enhance the controlled release and antimicrobial effect of nisin-Z against multidrug resistant (MDR) foodborne pathogens. Chitosome characteristics including encapsulation efficiency (EE %), SEM, thermal stability (TGA, DSC), FTIR analysis, antimicrobial potential and in vitro controlled release were investigated. Overall, chitosomes (CS) were thermally more stable, showed higher EE% (86 ± 1%) as compared to liposomes (56 ± 2%) and controlled S. aureus , E. faecalis and L. monocytogenes growth better than free or liposomal-nisin. SEM confirmed the size of liposomes from 54 to 108 nm, which increased after coating with chitosan. FTIR analysis revealed the interaction between CA and liposomes by merger of amide I and II peaks. Thus, CA-stabilized liposomes not only improve physico-chemical attributes while ensuring sustained release of nisin but also provide a potential approach to control bacterial contamination in food products for enhanced food safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work the catalytic activity of cobalt based MOF and its composites with graphene oxide (GO) towards electrochemical oxidation of methanol is studied. Co-MOF-71 and its GO composites were prepared by hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, XPS, scanning electron microscopy and FTIR. XRD patterns revealed incorporation of GO without disturbing the crystal structure. The synthesized catalysts were tested for their electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in alkaline medium. The electrochemical parameters measured with modified GCE represent the effect of graphene oxide on methanol oxidation reaction catalysed by Co-MOF-71. Co-MOF-71/GO composite showed excellent peak current density (29.1 mA/cm 2 ) at lower potential (0.1 V) and scan rate of 50 mV/s. The enhanced electrochemical activity and stability is attributed to the synergetic effect of the MOF and the GO substrate for methanol oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Birth defects are a diverse group of disorders of prenatal origin that can be caused by single gene defects, chromosomal disorders, multifactorial inheritance, environmental teratogens and micronutrient deficiencies. Cousin marriages have been described as an important factor contributing to increased congenital malformations. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the association of congenital malformations of the central nervous system, cardiovascular system (VSD, AVSD, Pulmonary stenosis, Pulmonary atresia), cleft lip, cleft palate and polydactyly) with cousin marriages. Material and Methods: It was a case-control study carried out in Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore from 30th April, 2020 to 30th April, 2021. Total 200 neonates fulfilling the inclusion criteria for cases & controls were included in the study. After taking informed consent from the parents, all anatomical defects (for cases) were recorded on a pre-designed proforma. History of consanguinity and type of consanguinity (first cousins) was taken for both cases and controls and recorded on the proforma. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS 20.0 software. Results: Frequency of consanguinity in parents was recorded which was 73%(n=73) in cases and 38%(n=38) in controls while 27%(n=27) in cases and 62%(n=62) in controls had no consanguinity in parents. Conclusion: There is an association of consanguinity with congenital malformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an artificial intelligence-based framework was developed to monitor the efficiency of the carbon capture unit, i.e., the Sour Compression Unit (SCU) and a cryogenic unit, in a cement manufacturing plant. Initially, an Aspen Plus-based model of the SCU and the cryogenic unit was developed. The process model was then transformed into dynamic mode through the interfacing of MATLAB and Excel with Aspen Plus to capture real-time process behavior. Five hundred fifty data samples were generated by varying the process conditions, i.e., inlet water flow rate, temperature, pressure, etc. The dataset was then used to develop ensemble models. Output compositions of the models were CO 2 , SO 2 , and NO. The ensemble models were used as surrogates in Sobol and Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (FAST) frameworks to find the most sensitive process conditions that affect the efficiency of the process. The correlation coefficients based on the ensemble models for estimation of the composition of CO 2 , SO 2 , and NO, were 0.9888, 0.9663, and 0.9970, respectively. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the inlet flue gas temperature and pressure were the dominant variables that affect the mole fraction of SO 2 and NO in the flue gas. Besides, the CO 2 recovery was found heavily dependent on temperature of the flash tanks. The proposed framework was highly accurate and will provide a base for real-time implementation of the concept of smart factory in cement manufacturing plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hybrid boiling nano fluid flow is over a porous sheet discuused. • Convective boundary conditions are considered. • Levenberg Marquardt artificial neural networks approach is applied. • Alumina and copper Nanoparticles are used for graphical illustration. • Electrohydrodynamic effects are also taken into account. In the domain of artificial neural networks, the Levenberg-Marquardt technique stands out for its innovative approach and convergent stability. It generates a numerical approach for the progression of a hybrid Cu–Al 2 CO 3 /water nanofluid on a porous stretched sheet (HNF-PSS), employing regression plots, state transition measures, histogram representations, and mean squared errors. This work explores the analysis of the fluid flow problem associated with HNF-PSS, introducing a novel application of an intelligent computing system that utilizes the effectiveness of neural networks trained by the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (NN-TLMA). The initial mathematical expression, expressed in terms of partial differential equations (PDEs) for HNF-PSS, undergoes transformation into dimensionless nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The collection of data for the envisioned NN-TLMA involves parameters influencing the velocity of the HNF-PSS system model, generated using the Lobatto IIIa formula. The efficacy of the suggested NN-TLMA for solving the HNF-PSS is robustly verified by examinations of state transition dynamics, regression analyses, mean square error, and error histogram studies. The consistent alignment of the obtained results with corresponding solutions attests to the legitimacy of the structure, achieving a high level of accuracy within the range of 10–6 to 10–8. Insightful findings demonstrate that the thermal Biot number contributes significantly to an upsurge in fluid temperature. Furthermore, an augmentation in nanofluid concentration and thermal profile is found to increase the porosity strength of the medium. Nevertheless, an attenuation in the velocity profile is noted under these conditions. The application of this simulation work can be found in optimizing the designs of heat exchanger, in biomedical application and in renewable energy processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nanostructured composites Mn/Zn N C @30% rGO, Mn/Zn N C @20% rGO, Mn/Zn N C @10% rGO was synthesized. • Mn/Zn N C @30% rGO demonstrates good electrocatalytic ORR activity in alkaline aqueous electrolyte solutions. • Mn/Zn N C @30% rGO has the lowest Tafel slope overpotential for attaining superior current density. • Mn/Zn N C @30% rGO has been proven reliable for test as fuel cross-over in methanol. Future fuel cells and metal-air batteries will benefit greatly from revealing self-supported electrodes with efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and durability. However, noble metal catalysts are expensive and unstable, necessitating research into novel metal-organic framework (MOF)-based topologies that can catalyse oxygen reduction reactions (ORR). In this work, the synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon (N C) is derived from zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) and a novel Mn-doped Zn N C@rGO is synthesized using a self-templated solvothermal method and their performance in an alkaline medium for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is studied. The nanostructured composite outperformed the commercial Pt/C catalyst in terms of both material resources and application efficacy. The Mn/Zn N C @30% rGO exhibit outstanding performance for ORR in KOH, with a more positive cathodic peak of 0.78 V vs RHE and an onset potential of 0.97 V vs RHE, which are characteristics that suggest the possibility of reducing ORR overpotentials. The improved electrochemical performance, small Tafel slopes and methanol tolerance are ascribed to the interdependent effect of the N -doped carbon (N C) and the Mn/Zn active sites. Novel architecture, tunable porosities, template directed growth and remarkable electrocatalytic performance of Mn-doped Zn N C@rGO make it a good aspirant for energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To meet the escalated global energy requirements while preserving the intrinsic environmental integrity, it is highly important to develop renewable and clean energy sources as the replacement of traditional fossil fuels. Hydrogen is an appealing green energy source due to huge energy density, carbon free by products, renewable and storable nature. Water splitting is an exceedingly important technology for sustainable hydrogen generation. However, the process needs high-performance, stable, and low-cost catalyst for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This review article aims to summarize the theoretical understanding of foundations for various H 2 development technologies along with their merits and de-merits. The essence of nanosciences for the development of nanoengineered stable and cost-effective catalysts has been comprehensively showcased by enlightening the outstanding performance of newly emergent nanocatalyst for H 2 production via water splitting. Particular consideration has been devoted to prevalent approaches that can improve the catalytic properties of the categorized nanocatalyst and provide insight towards atomic assembly related mechanism. Future consideration for catalytic enhancement is also discussed. In short, this critical review comes up with the insight essence of hybridized catalyst that are noteworthy for researchers and industrialists to sort out the best class of materials in accordance with hydrogen production techniques. [Display omitted] • Underlying mechanisms for Hydrogen production via existing water splitting techniques have been summarized. • Describes the fundamental insight of material requirements as water splitting catalyst. • Unveils the pros and cons of traditional Nanocatalyst. • Introduce features of emerging MXenes, Nano Encapsulated, Nanocurved, Janus Nanoparticles, and Single Atomic Catalyst. • The new pathways are highlighted to overcome the most encountered challenges in water splitting hydrogen generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The declining reserves and environmental concerns related to the use of fossil fuels have made the global think tanks to pursue for the technologies considered to be renewable as well as sustainable. Fuel cell technology is emerging and a green way to produce electricity, provided sufficient amount of hydrogen (fuel) is available that directly convert chemical energy to electrical energy. Despite of being an efficient and eco‐friendly source of energy, commercialization of fuel cells is still difficult to attain. Techno‐economic challenges like high manufacturing and assembly costs, water management, system size, nondurability, and instability of the system need to be addressed. In order to resolve these issues, considerable research has been carried out for the development of novel and inexpensive materials for the fuel cells. In this article, we have reviewed the development of electrodes and electrolyte materials for different types of fuel cells. A detailed description of applications, challenges, and improvement of electrodes/electrolytes materials of different types of fuel cells (polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cells and solid oxide fuel cells) have been reported in this review article. A brief review of the development of materials for electrode of molten carbonate fuel cells has also been presented in the review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]