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In the face of crisis situations caused by natural disasters, wars, terrorist risks and threats, internal disorders, work accidents, technological events, psychological trauma, epidemics and pandemics, etc, state authorities appear to be limited in their prevention, intervention and management, particularly at the level of directly or indirectly affected communities. Contemporary society has been, is and probably will be dominated by conflicts expressed most often through violence or social confrontations, due to multiple causes: dissatisfaction with the authorities, the non-involvement or disregard of the authorities towards the citizen, the political and social unpredictability, the generalized corruption, the daily stress, the lack of daily necessities, the precarious living, the collapse of the authorities and the most serious, the collapse of the moral and spiritual norms, the collapse of the moral and spiritual norms, thus stress, anxiety, civic indifference and violence accompany the daily life of the population and for this reason there is a lack of interest or low interest in the actions of individuals to intervene and recover from unforeseen major events that disrupt life daily of a society. For this reason, resilience becomes a major national security objective because it expresses "the response capacity of the population (many individuals/community) to confront and recover from an unforeseen traumatic event or crisis situation and express ways of action to ensure and maintain an optimal level of security and safety of the population". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing number of blackouts makes the theme approached in this paper of great importance and topicality, where the lack of electricity to consumers can cause crises with the effect of instability and insecurity, causing damage, generating the lack of well-being that can affect the smooth running and functionality of a modern state. Vulnerabilities generated by the dysfunctions, deficiencies or non-conformities of the National Energy System, are factual states, processes and phenomena that diminish the responsiveness of critical energy infrastructures to potential risks or threats or that favor their emergence and development, with consequences in terms of functionality and utility. Ignorance, lack of management or poor and faulty management of vulnerabilities may result in risk factors, threats, danger states or aggression towards national objectives, values, interests and needs subsumed to critical energy infrastructures. For this reason, the National Energy System becomes a strategic objective of national importance by being a generator of critical national and European infrastructures. To ensure energy security, Romania depends on energy interdependence and independence in the context of the sustainable development of the European Union and for this reason, energy stability factors must be created through strategies for the protection of critical infrastructures, energy security and national security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS), represent a very wide field of interdisciplinarity and multidisciplinarity in the following domains: technical, medical, military and security, because of the multiple of sources of elements of instability (risks, dangers, threats) to the workers, in order to discover the best optimal methods, actions of prevention and protection and ensuring the workplace's working in maximum safety conditions, without disturbing the industry and the national economy's wellbeing. The most effective way to protect the workesr health and safety is to remove the generators of risks, supplied that a methodology is available to identify how to treat these generators of risks. The assessment is carried out using the National Research and Development Institute of Occupational Safety - NRDIOS Bucharest method, in order to establish the risk/safety levels in a quantitative manner, based on a systemic analysis and on the assessment of risks of accidents and professional diseases. The role of OHS for power substation high voltage (critical power infrastructures) is to generate the national economy electricity, well-being, and safety work and health environment, workers and workplaces secured, and security of industrial and power process, in order to optimally operate the national economy and ensure energy security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most effective way to ensure safety and protect the health of workers at work is to eliminate sources of danger. It is an action whose effects are maximal if carried out in the design and construction of work systems, but which is also beneficial afterwards, but with one condition: a methodology is in place to allow analysis, identification and determination of the treatment of these sources. The development of theory and applications in the field of systems security has provided a scientific basis and useful tools for the work of preventing professional risks. All methods designed to achieve system security have been taken over and adapted to determine with their help the possibilities of protecting the safety and health of workers. The development, implementation and promotion of an integrated, proactive approach to OSH management in high and very high voltage power substations has long been supported by policies and practices established at international, european and national level, including strategies, legal provisions, standards, guidelines, programs and campaigns initiated and undertaken by various stakeholders, such as international organizations, EU bodies, governments, trade unions and employers asociations, labor inspectorates and insurance institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, as a consequence of accelerated economic development, the issue of industrial and occupational risks, as well as the degree of diversification of real risks, have become increasingly important. The experience gained with accidents at work, damage and other categories of undesirable events highlights the need to understand and control risks "upstream", i.e. before the accident occurs. At the same time, awareness of populations at risk has resulted in a significant decrease in the risk acceptability threshold. In response to these social phenomena, public institutions, economic agents in the industry, researchers in the disciplines involved have proposed methods of risk forecasting, aimed at developing prevention and protection systems that improve the risk management process. Prevention of occupational risks is the only way to improve the safety and health conditions of the participants in the work process, as well as a reliable source for reducing costs, increasing labor productivity, quality of production and, finally, quality of social life. Risk management facilitates a structured and systematic approach to decision-making. The value and strength of the managerial approach to risk lies in the fact that it combines various valuation and consultation techniques, uniting them into an ensemble that gives consistency to the decision-making process. Risk management gives any organization the ability to better understand how operations are carried out and the ability to respond more effectively to changes in internal and external circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The calculations of permanent regimes of high and very high voltage power substations are performed to predetermine the optimal operation of the analyzed power substation and the energy system from a technical point of view and economic. This paper presents the behavior of the 220/110/20 kV Sardanesti power substation for the current operating conditions, if the electricity consumption increases or decreases, checking the stability of the system in the Oltenia area and developing a strategy on the safety and security of the National Energy System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of energy dynamism around the world manifested by the lack of finite primary energy resources (oil, natural gas, coal and uranium) and/or electricity to final consumers and the wish of the world's major energy powers to own and control the entire world energy chain for the purpose of using primary energy resources or electricity as a possible energy weapon or pressure instrument in the context of blackmail and profitability, it makes this paper of great importance and relevance, especially in the new context of military instability on the background and due to energy causes. The lack of supply of primary energy resources or electricity to final consumers leads to the triggering of societal crises with possible military escalation and can cause States of societal imbalance bringing extreme damage to the safety of the citizen, industry, national economy and, implicitly, national security. In this context, the energy security of a state becomes an important pillar of national, regional and global security, bringing safety, stability and well-being to consumers, as well as a cause of civil and/or armed conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need to assess security risks on the national mining subsector, which owns and generates critical mining infrastructures, comes in the context in which the possible occurrence of energy blackout cases generates major issues of national interest, with European and NATO implications. As critical mining infrastructures may be vulnerable to internal and/or external threats, they must be thoroughly assessed in terms of ensuring and enhancing energy and national security in order to prevent potential national crises. The authors believe that addressing the national mining subsector is a strictly national security issue because the lack of coal or electricity produced by it can cause enormous damage to industry, the economy and state systems, which are almost entirely dependent on electricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strong and secure energy industry gives Romania a solid and secure economy, and in this way we can become a strategic partner with the other NATO and EU states. Thus, energy security becomes one of the most important pillars of national and European security. For this reason, the authors consider it necessary to establish the National Authority of Energy Security, which must concentrate, monitor, manage and control the entire national energy chain, creating factors of stability, safety, security and resilience to the most important and strategic sector in Romania and to be able to be prepared at any time for special crisis or war situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]