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The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of estrus synchronization programmes on parturition time and some reproductive characteristics of Saanen goats. Estrus of Saanen goats was synchronized as follows: by use of intravaginal sponges containing 30 mg flugestone acetate for 11 days following IM injection of 500 IU PMSG (group PP;n = 80) or only intravaginal sponges (group P;n = 80) and natural estrus (control; C,n = 50). Forty-eight hours after removing intravaginal sponges, all goats were introduced to Saanen bucks. Kidding rate and litter size of goats in the PP group were higher than those of goats in the C and P groups (P < .05). Neonatal mortality rate of kids from goats in the PP group was found higher than those of goats in the C and P groups (P < .05). The length of kidding period in goats of group C was longer than goats in the P and PP groups (P < .05). Births showed a unimodal distribution, with maximum parturition at midday and minimum parturition at midnight in all goats. The parturition that occurred during daytime hours in goats of P and PP groups was more than goats in the C group (P < .05). The results of this study may suggest that estrus synchronization shortened the length of the kidding period, concentrated parturition time during daylight hours and increased reproductive performance in Saanen goats. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Optimum placental development influence fetal growth and may hence postnatal mortality of offspring. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of dam age on placental characteristics and kid birth weight in Saanen goats. The experiment were conducted on 10 youth goat singleton bearing Saanen does (ranging from 10 to 12 mounts of age) and 10 mature singleton bearing Saanen does (ranging from 3 to 4 years of age). Birth weight, kid's sex and placental measurements were recorded within 12 h after parturition. Adolescent doe had significantly lower (P<0.05)kid birth weight and placental weight than those of mature doe. Also the total number of placental cotyledons dissected from the chorioallantois in mature does were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of adolescent doe. There were positive correlation between kid birth weight and placental weight (0.795; P<0.01), kid birth weight and total cotyledons number (0.578; P<0.01) and placental weight and total cotyledons number (0.594; P<0.01).The results suggest that adolescent dams in the first parity may alter placental characteristics and fetal development resulting in a reduced kid birth weight from singleton gestations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, 100 pure and adulterated honey samples produced by feeding colonies with different levels (5, 20 and 100 L/colony) of various commercial industrial sugar syrups such as High Fructose Corn Syrup 85 (HFCS-85), High Fructose Corn Syrup 55 (HFCS-55), Glucose Monohydrate Sugar (GMS), Bee Feeding Syrup (BFS) and Sucrose Syrup (SS) were evaluated in terms of sugar ingredients, physicochemical, mineral matter, vitamin and enzyme contents. Proline, electrical conductivity, free acidity, vitamin, mineral and enzyme content of honey were significantly affected by sugar origin and syrup levels. Fructose and glucose content of honey were not reliable criteria for distinguishing adulterated honey obtained by overfeeding honey bees (100 L/colony syrup) with sugar having balanced monosaccharide fraction. For pure blossom honey having EC value below 0.20 mS/cm should be evaluated as indirect adulterated with commercial industrial sugars originating from both C3 and C4 plants. In addition, proline content of pure blossom honey below 300 mg/kg might be an indicator for overfeeding honey bee colonies with HFCS-85 and SS. It is clear that the important biochemical and biological degradation occurred in honey when the colonies overfed with industrial sugars syrup during the main nectar flow. The values of biochemical properties found in the present study are important references to be used for revision of national and international standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to evaluate body condition score (BCS) and somatic cell count (SCC) of milk in Turkish Saanen goats. Data were obtained from 95 goats during the morning milking. While a 1–5 scale was used to assess BCS, direct microscopy was performed to analyse SCC. Effect of stage of lactation (SL) and number of kids at birth (NK) were evaluated in three subgroups. While SL has not affected the parameters, goats with a single kid had significantly higher BCS (P< 0.05) than goats with twins. Correlation coefficient between evaluated parameters was estimated as weak (r= 0.08). In conclusion, milk SCC and BCS levels of Turkish Saanen goats were assumed to be in acceptable thresholds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This study was conducted with the aim of determination of the effects of pellets prepared with addition of different additives (molasses, guar meal and sepiolite) on changes in in vitro rumen pH and temperature. Materials and methods. In the current study sixteen pelleted feeds were prepared with wheat and soybean straws. The Daisy incubator was used for maintaining (mimicing) rumen conditions and feed was incubated for 48 hours. The wireless rumen sensors were used for determination of the changes in in vitro rumen pH and temperature. The data were subjected to one way variance analysis. Results. The tested boluses were found to show similar temperature and pH measurements to digital pH metre measurements. The effect of sepiolite addition on pH and temperature was found insignificant in all treatments. The lowest pH value was determined for wheat straws. Control groups and molasses added in soybean straws and wheat straws were similar in terms of ruminal pH values. Guar meal and guar meal+molasses added in soybean straws was shown to increase pH (p<0.01). In vitro rumen temperatures in soybean straws were found lower compared to those in wheat straws in all treatments (p<0.001). Conclusions. It was concluded that boluses integrated to Daisy incubator can be safely used for determining the effects of feeds on rumen fermentation in in vitro studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficacy of Pseudomonas putida (CKPp9) was tested under in vitro and in vivo conditions for their ability to plant growth promoting characteristics in tomato seedlings against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis ( Cmm Go2) infection. A significant difference was observed between bacterized tomato seedlings with P. putida (CKPp9) and the other treatments ( P < 0.01). Also, Cmm Go2 was detected significant difference the least plant growth parameters for tomato seedlings (P < 0.01). To correlate the induction of phenolic compounds by the CKPp9 with disease resistance, qualitative and quantitative modifications of phenolic compounds in tomato seedlings were observed in different treatments. High performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of the leaves of the CKPp9-treated, Cmm Go2-treated, and non-treated (control) plants showed the presence of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, catechin and rutin with varied amounts in the CKPp9 treated as well as Cmm Go2-treated and non-treated (control) plants. Maximum accumulation of catechin was observed in plants treated with the CKPp9 strain + Cmm Go2 strain which was almost 10 times higher than the CKPp9-treated plants and also significantly high when compared to other treatments. A direct relationship between the level of catechin and seedling survivability was observed. P. putida -mediated induction of phenolic compounds as a biochemical barrier in tomato seedlings against C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis infection is envisaged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare oral health parameters: decayed missing filled teeth (dmft, DMFT), gingival index and plaque index in high-caries-risk children and children with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH).Subjects and Methods: A study group of 81 children affected by MIH (49 girls, 32 boys) aged 8-11 years (mean 9.4 ± 1.1) was race-, age- and sex-matched with 81 high-caries-risk children not affected by MIH (controls). The MIH and control groups were divided into four subgroups according to age. The oral health parameters of both groups were recorded under clinical conditions. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the differences in the number of MIH-affected teeth between the groups. Other traits were evaluated with the ANOVA test, and Duncan's multiple comparison tests were used for comparing means. Linear and ordinal regression analyses were used to model the variables.Results: The mean age of the participants was 9.4 ± 1.1 years, and the mean number of affected teeth was 7.7 (range 3-12) in the MIH group. The number of affected teeth and severity of MIH did not change significantly with age and sex (p > 0.05). A comparison of the oral health parameters of MIH-affected and control children according to groups did not show any statistically significant differences between the groups for all parameters for all groups (p > 0.05) with the exception of DMFT values at 10 years of age (p < 0.05). In a comparison of the total scores without taking age into account, the children with MIH showed a significantly higher DMFT value than the children without MIH (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between the dmft, GI and PI values of the study groups (p > 0.05).Conclusion: The children in the MIH group had higher DMFT than those without MIH. Hence, the presence of MIH could have a detrimental effect on oral health parameters, especially on DMFT values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Fructose ratio of industrial sugars is important for detection of adulteration. [•] Sugar sources (C3 or C4) used for feeding colonies affect on success of analysis. [•] The official methods and ISCIRA could not efficiently detect the indirect adulteration with the syrups from C3 plants. [•] High relationships were found between the δ13C values of honey and C4%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]