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Because residues of chlorpyrifos being the most common in vegetables that are generally consumed uncooked and the demand for healthy vegetables has increased, an effective approach to remove these residues from vegetables is necessary. This study aimed to determine how effectively chlorpyrifos residues could be removed from a variety of vegetables by utilizing low concentrations of ozonated water as a green technology over different contact times. Solid-phase extraction was employed, and then residues were analyzed using GC‒MS. The study illustrated that the initial concentration of chlorpyrifos residues in arugula > parsley > leek > tomato > carrot > cucumber > cabbage > bell pepper. The % chlorpyrifos removal ranged 30–83, 91–97, 80–92, 92–95, 87–97, 95–97, 64–100, and 90–97% for bell pepper, tomato, cucumber, carrot, arugula, parsley, cabbage, and leek, respectively. A first-order kinetic model was assumed to explore the removal of chlorpyrifos and degradation rate constants increased as follows: parsley > carrot ≈ leek > arugula > tomato > cucumber > cabbage > bell pepper, with the absence of the chlorpyrifos-oxon which is more toxic than the parent chlorpyrifos after ozone treatments. Importantly, the use of ozonated water for chlorpyrifos removal had no appreciable adverse effects on the total phenolic compound, vitamin C levels, or free radical scavenging activity in most of the tested vegetables. These findings imply that ozone technology is a safe and effective method for eliminating chlorpyrifos from the surface of vegetables, potentially lowering the risk to consumer health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deltamethrin is one of the most effective pyrethroid compounds, widely employed in veterinary medicine, public health, and farming. Deltamethrin-triggered oxidative stress largely causes serious harm to an organism. Acute toxicity of this compound was extensively investigated, while less information is available on its oral sub-acute effects. This study assessed, in the male Albino rats, the effects of oral gavage of either 0.874 mg/kg (0.01 LD50) or 8.740 mg/kg (0.10 LD50) of deltamethrin for successive 14 days to investigate its effects on biomarkers and to detect the tissue injury in rats following subacute deltamethrin treatment. It was found that levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the brain, kidney, and liver, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and uric acid in serum, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cells (WBC)s, eosinophils, and basophils were significantly reduced compared with untreated rats. However, when rats were treated with deltamethrin for successive 14 days, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in serum and the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) in brain, kidney, and liver, red blood cell distribution width (RDW-CV), total protein, monocytes, and basophils and the ratios of neutrophils to lymphocytes, an aggregated marker of systemic inflammation and systemic immune inflammation indexes, significantly increased compared with the control group. Histologic lesions were observed in the liver, kidney, brain, testis, and epidemies in rats exposed to subacute deltamethrin for 14 days, and most tissues of rats treated with 0.10 LD50 of deltamethrin were more affected than those treated with 0.01 LD50. These findings strongly suggest that subacute exposure to deltamethrin caused significant systemic toxicity through oxidative stress resulting in biochemical and histological changes in the studied tissues. These findings highlight the potential harmful effects of deltamethrin and emphasize the importance of understanding the subacute effects of this compound, particularly in the context of veterinary medicine, public health, and farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarcophaga has forensic and medical importance because its larvae are commonly associated with cadavers. This study aims to determine tramadol and cypermethrin levels in postmortem rabbit tissues and inside the larvae of Sarcophaga ruficornis that invade these corpses and explore the histological effects of tramadol and cypermethrin on Sarcophaga ruficornis larvae. To accomplish these objectives, three groups of rabbits were used. The first group received double LD50 of tramadol hydrochloride; the second group received double LD50 of cypermethrin; and the third group received saline solution and was killed by air injection and used as a control. After the deaths of all rabbits, stomach, liver, kidney, gall bladder, lung, spleen tissues and Sarcophaga ruficornis larvae were taken. Tramadol and cypermethrin concentrations in postmortem tissues and Sarcophaga ruficornis larvae were analyzed using (HPLC). The current study demonstrated that all rabbit tissues treated with tramadol and cypermethrin were positive for these toxins, except tissues of the gall bladder, lung and spleen, which were negative. However, all control rabbit tissues were negative. The toxicological analysis showed that tramadol and cypermethrin were transferred from the administered rabbits to the feeding Sarcophaga ruficornis larvae. Histological observations revealed various pathological changes in larvae, especially deformities in the structures of the cuticular body wall, muscles and fat bodies with damage to the epithelial cells lining the midgut. Therefore, histological examination of insects is used in forensic entomology when drugs are suspected as a cause of death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental contamination by complex mixtures of pesticides and metals is a major health problem in agriculture and industry. In real life scenarios, we are exposed to mixtures of chemicals rather than single chemicals, and therefore it is critical to assess their toxicity. The current work was conducted to assess the toxic effects of a low dose (2% median lethal dose) of ethoprophos (Etho, 0.16 mg kg−1 bw), and cadmium (Cd, 0.63 mg kg−1 bw); each alone or in combination on hematological, biochemical, and genotoxic parameters in male mice for one or four weeks. The tested toxicants resulted in a decline in body and organs weights, the most hematological indices, acetylcholine esterase activity, and the total protein content, while they significantly increased liver and kidney function parameters. Furthermore, they increased the mitotic index (MI), number of abnormal sperms, and chromosomes. In conclusion, Etho and Cd induce deleterious effects on all tested parameters in male mice which reflect more obvious impacts when both combined, particularly after 28 days of exposure. However, further research is needed to confirm toxicokinetic or toxicodynamic interactions between these two toxic compounds in the organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work is to study the effectiveness of attractive and some chemical materials under the impact of ambient physical parameters on the black little, Monomorium carbonarium population fluctuations. New modified pitfall and baits trap used for outdoor and indoor trials, respectively. Ten attractants (sugar, rice, peanuts, kidney beans, dry dates, ajwa, wheat, coconut, currant, and honey) and three repellent materials (Butex, chalk, and vinegar) were used. Furthermore, the greatest number of ants attracted to honey (4057 individuals) representing 19.45 %. However, the lowest numbers were for kidney beans (461 individuals) with 2.21 %. Additionally, the highest number was collected on vinegar (78 individuals), in contrast, the lowest numbers were in chalk (6 individuals). On the other hand, both maximum and minimum temperatures had a substantial positive effect on the abundance of ants on attractants at whole sites except site (E) having a significant negative effect. Furthermore, relative humidity had a significant positive effect at sites (A), (D), and (E), and a negative significant effect on other sites. It was concluded, that M. carbonarium may be attracted to honey and coconut. Moreover, the presence of M. carbonarium was inversely proportional to temperatures and directly to relative humidity to control M. carbonarium used chalk in our habitats. Therefore, it is recommended that studied materials should be stored in arid and closed places. Moreover, chalk as a powder can be used as a repellent material for this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mosquitoes are the key vector for the transmission of serious parasites and pathogens which affect many people worldwide. The massive overuse of synthetic mosquito insecticides had developed resistance in mosquitoes. Therefore, the need for reliable and eco-friendly control techniques became crucial. Nanoparticle fabrication is a cutting-edge and trending method. The green production of cadmium sulphide nanoparticles (CdS NPs) utilizing Ocimum basillicum leaves as a sophisticated and effective strategy against Culex pipiens was demonstrated in this study. CdS nanoparticles are characterized by a series of techniques including UV-Vis spectrophotometry, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). CdS nanoparticles (CdS NPs) were highly effective against the larvae (3rd instars) of Culex pipiens after 24 hours of treatment. The LC50 of CdS NPs was 0.0113 g/l. Meanwhile, the LC50 of Ocimum basillicum aqueous extract of leaves was 52.36 g/l. There was no mortality in the control group. CdS NPs also increased larval and pupal duration significantly. Furthermore, it had a deleterious impact on pupation and adult emergence rates. Post-treatment imaging using a light microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results in larvae had deformities and constrictions in the head and thorax area. The abdomen (digestive tract and respiratory canal) was completely deformed, however, the syphon remained unaffected with typical spiracular valves and very minor abnormalities on the tracheal trunk surface and muscle fibre. Conclusion: Overall, this study suggested that the use of Ocimum basillicum leaves extract mediated synthesis of CdS nanoparticles can be used for controlling Culex pipiens. This is the first study to look at the larvicidal potential of CdS NPs synthesized by Ocimum basillicum leaves extract against Culex pipiens and the potential impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ameliorating effect of 150 mg/kg b.w. of Nacetylcysteine (NAC) against the oral administration of 7.88 (1/25 LD50) or 202.07 (1/10 LD50) mg/kg/day for 14 days of chlorpyrifos- ethyl (CPF-E) and chlorpyrifosmethyl (CPF-M), respectively, was investigated using neurobehavioral and biochemical markers for this toxicity. Neurobehavioral tests; open field test (OFT), hole-board test (HBT), light/dark box test (LDBT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) showed increase frequency of exploration, low level of anxiety and locomotor in rats treated with either CPE-E or CPF-M, while the coadministration of NAC to treated rats attenuated neurobehavioral parameters. Biomarkers such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), paraoxonase (PON) and adenosine 5'- triphosphatase, (ATP-ase) showed declining in their activities, while calcium (Ca+2) levels in brain were increased. However, the administration of NAC following the intoxification of CPF-E or CPF-M attenuated the values of these biomarkers. It can be concluded that NAC can be used to ameliorate the toxicity of certain organophosphorus compounds such as CPF-E and CPFM and considered it as a choice for the prevention and treatment of either CPF-E or CPF-M -induced toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most dangerous insect to threaten palm trees is the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Curculiondiae: Coleoptera). This study was aimed to, study the Biology of the red palm weevil on the food circles (date palm, sugar cane, cucumber, banana peel and watermelon peel) under room temperature through one year. The results showed that spring was the most active season for the red palm weevil and decreases during winter. The previous plants showed their effectiveness in the breeding of the red palm weevil and the watermelon peel was nearly as close to the results of date palms (the main host of the red palm weevil), while the lowest on cucumber. The number of eggs on date palms during spring and winter were (392 and 103 eggs/female), respectively. The number of eggs on watermelon peel during spring and winter were (315 and 90 eggs/female), respectively. The number of eggs on cucumber during spring and winter were (151 and 63 eggs/female), respectively. The number of larval instars on date palm during spring and winter were (12 and 8 instars/larva), respectively. The number of larval instars on watermelon peel during spring and winter were (11 and 4 instars/larva), respectively. The number of larval instars on cucumber during spring and winter were (8 and 3 instars/larva), respectively. Pre-egg laying period on date palm and watermelon peel during spring and autumn were 3 and 4 days, respectively. Pre-egg laying period on cucumber during spring and autumn were 4 and 5 days, respectively. Based on these results must protect palms during period activity of the red palm weevil. Take in consideration, watermelon peel as a type of traps to the red palm weevil in palm plantations.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the manufacturing sector is increasingly keen to apply sustainability at all levels of sustainability from system to products and processes. At the processes level, cutting fluids (CFs) are among the most unsustainable materials and need to be addressed properly in accordance with three main and decisive aspects, also known as the triple bottom line: ecology, society, and economics. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is a promising technique that minimizes the use of CFs, thus improving sustainability. This paper presents a review of the literature available on the use of the MQL technique during different machining processes involving titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V). To carry out the study, four search engines were used to focus on the most cited articles published over a span of 17 years from 2000 to 2016. The performance and drawbacks are compiled for each eco-friendly technique: dry, MQL, and cryogenics with combinations of MQL and cryogenics, critically considering machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, and output measures, namely surface roughness, tool life, and cutting temperature. After drawing conclusions from critical evaluation of research body, future research avenues in the field are proposed for the academics and industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was designated to study the ability of plants to bio-accumulate, translocate and remove the heavy metals, lead and cadmium from contaminated soil. The herbal plant ryegrass,Lolium multiflorumwas investigated as a bio-accumulator plant for these metals. The translocation of these heavy metals in the herbal plant was compared considering root to shoot transport and redistribution of metals in the root and shoot system. The trace metal contents from root and shoot parts were determined using atomic absorption spectrometer. The results showed that the percent of lead and cadmium transferred to ryegrass plant were averaged as 51.39, and 74.57%, respectively, while those remained in the soil were averaged as 48.61 and 25.43% following 60 days of treatment. The soil-plant transfer index in root and shoot system of ryegrass was found to be 0.32 and 0.20 for lead, and 0.50 and 0.25 for cadmium. These findings indicated that the herbal plant ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum is a good accumulator for cadmium than lead. The soil-plant transfer factor (the conc. of heavy metal in plant to the conc. in soil) indicated that the mechanism of soil remedy using the investigated plant is phytoextraction where the amounts of heavy metals transferred by plant roots into the above ground portions were higher than that remained in the soil. The method offers green technology solution for the contamination problem since it is effective technology with minimal impact on the environment and can be easily used for soil remedy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Organochlorine residues were detected in 54/200 of muscles and 55/200 of livers of camels slaughtered in different districts of Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia, by using GC/MS analysis. The ΣDDT residues (Σ-DDT = p,p'-DDT + p,p'-DDE + p,p'-DDD + p,p'-DDA) in muscles and livers were the most frequent. The levels and distribution of residues varied with location. Al-Qassim region population's average estimated daily intake (EDI) was between 0.0 and 12.74 µg/kg body weight/day, and the hazard index [EDI/acceptable daily intake (ADI)] was higher than unity for ΣDDT and lindane in some samples. The intakes were much higher than the ADIs in some districts of Al-Qassim region, and the exposure level of all tested residues was high enough to produce health risk, suggesting the need for regular monitoring programs for pesticide residues in camel meat at the national level to protect consumers' health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The remediation of the oxamyl pesticide, applied, at a rate of 50 μg/gm soil and amended with different materials namely, Tergitol NP9 (nonionic surfactant), charcoal, lorandeat and iron fillings at rate of 300, 250, 250 and 300 Kg/Fadden, respectively, was investigated. The oxamyl residue levels in loamy sand was extracted at different time intervals after treatment based on the solid phase extraction (SPE) with methanol and then analyzed by HPLC. Only the peak corresponding to oxamyl was observed in the chromatogram and no intermediate metabolites could be detected. At the end of the experiment (21 days), the dissipation percentage of oxamyl reached about 88, 78, 73 and 72% in soil amended with NP-9, Fe, lorandeat and charcoal, respectively. The rate of disappearance was 2 times higher than in unamended-soil, while Fe, lorandeat and charcoal enhanced the dissipation rate by 1.77, 1.65 and 1.61 times, respectively. The disappearance rate constants and half-life values of the compound were obtained from the exponential decay equations. The decomposition of oxamyl in the control, charcoal and lorandeat followed the first order kinetics with t 1/2 of about 22.08, 13.8 and 13.2 days. On the other hand, a biphasic model was assumed to explore the disappearance of oxamyl in soil amended with NP-9 and Fe where the rate of disappearance in the first phase was faster than the second phase. This is clearly reflected in the half-life (t 0.5 ) values for the first and second phases, where the t 0.5 values of oxamyl ranged from 3.3 to 12.7 and 6.5 to 15.6 days, respectively. The results demonstrated that using NP-9, Fe, charcoal and lorandeat may offer an efficient remediation treatment for oxamyl-polluted soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objectives of this paper are: To discover new facts related to the mus eums evolution throughout history till now, to verify the impact of technology on the m useums, to analyze the process through which the evolution of museums took place, and to iden tify the relationship between the main definition of a museum and the emerged museum buildings, in order to achieve the paper main objectives, data presented traces the history of museums, first by noting the etymology of the word museum and its derivatives, next by describing the private collecting conducted in ancient and medieval times, reviewing the development of modern public mus eums from the Renaissance to the present day, and finally keeping shedding the light o n the role of technology on the modern development and transformation of museums, the functionalities of the traditional typologies and the evolution of new ones, the paper hypothesis to be tested is: The historical target of museums had been subjected to many modifications due to the technological, political and social modifications that have altered the general mission of the museum as the house of collections, the conclusion of the paper would be showing whether the actual mission of museums today is still taken into consideration within the new typologies as well as der iving the attained result after all the presented information to derive a general result proving the hyp othesis stated, architecture is a clear reflection of the society, so it is subjected to dramatic changes, therefore it is not appropriate to design today in the manners, ideas, and believes of yesterday [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Residues of 23 pesticides (13 insecticides, 3 fungicides, 3 herbicides, 2 acaricides, 1 rodenticide and 1 nematicide) in 160 different vegetable samples cultivated under greenhouse conditions and collected from 4 major supermarkets located in Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia were monitored. A multiresidue method was carried out by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Residues were found in 89 samples. Fifty four samples were found above the maximum residue levels (MRLs). The most frequently found pesticides were carbaryl followed by biphenyl and then carbofuran. MRL values exceeded most often in cabbage (11 samples) followed by squash, green pepper and carrot (7 samples each) followed by cucumber and lettuce (6 samples each), egg-plant (5 samples) and then tomato (4 samples). Also, cabbage showed the highest contamination rates (16 samples), followed by carrot, cucumber and green pepper (12 samples each), squash (11 samples), lettuce and tomato (9 samples each) and egg-plant (8 samples). The highest concentrations were determined in lettuce followed by squash, cabbage and carrot. Al-Qassim region population’s average daily intake (EDI) has been estimated between 2×10−5 and 0.597μg/kg body weight/day and the hazard index (EDI/acceptable daily intake (ADI)) less than the unity for the tested compounds. The data illustrated that the intakes are much lower than the ADIs and the exposure level to whole pesticides was below the level to produce health risk. The data indicated also the need for regular monitoring programs for pesticide residues in vegetables cultivated under greenhouse conditions, at the national level, to protect consumers’ health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The bioremediation of the nematicide oxamyl, applied at the recommended rate of 6lha−1 in sandy soil cultivated with tomato and amended with different animal manures at the recommended dose of 2.5tonsha−1, was investigated. The experiment was conducted in a controlled environmental chamber under a 16-h photoperiod, with a light intensity of 300μEm−2 s−1 at 25°C and relative humidity of 70±5%. The remaining amount of oxamyl in soil was extracted after different time intervals based on the solid phase extraction (SPE) with methanol and then analyzed by HPLC. Only the peak corresponding to oxamyl was observed in the chromatogram and no intermediate could be detected. By the end of the experiment (28 days), the dissipation percentage of oxamyl reached about 99% in the case of bovine manure-amended soil. This rate of disappearance was 1.76 times higher than in unamended-soil, while poultry and sheep manures enhanced the dissipation rate by 1.52 and 1.44 times, respectively. The disappearance rate constants and half-life values of the compound were obtained from the exponential decay equations. The decomposition of oxamyl in the control followed the first order kinetics with t 1/2 of about 26 days. On the other hand, a biphasic model was assumed to explore the disappearance of oxamyl in soil amended with different animal manures where the rate of disappearance in the first phase was faster than the second phase. This is clearly reflected in the half-life (t 1/2) values for the first and second phases, where the t 1/2 values of oxamyl ranged from 3.19 to 5.41 and 9.76 to 43.31 days, respectively. The results demonstrated that animal manures may offer an efficient, cheap, safe, and friendly bioremediator for pesticide-polluted soil. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The capacity of some plant growth promoters (seven species of bacteria namely, Azospirillium barasilense, Azotobacter chroococcum, Klebsilense pneumoneae, Pseudomonas cepacia, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus polymyxa) and some control agents for plant pathogens (two species of fungi namely, Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzianum) to degrade dicofol pesticide (DCF) in liquid culture media was investigated. The recovered amount of DCF was extracted based on the solid phase extraction (SPE) with methylene chloride and then analyzed by HPLC. Contrary to published reports, no intermediate or final degradation metabolites of DCF could be observed. About 26–33% of DCF degradation was observed after 3 days of incubation with the tested bacteria which increased to 61–80%, 74–85%, 77–87% and 75–94% after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of incubation, respectively. On the other hand, the tested fungi removed roughly 35% of available DCF within the first three days of incubation which increased to 84–87%, 89–95%, 91–95% and 92–96% after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of incubation, respectively. A biphasic model was assumed to explore the disappearance of DCF from media enriched with either bacteria or fungi, where the rate of disappearance in the first phase was faster than the second. This is clearly reflected in the half-life (t 1/2) for the first and second phases, where the t 1/2 values of DCF ranged from 2.82–4.42 to 19.32–29.73 days, respectively. The results have implications for the development of a bioremediation strategy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The attenuating effect of 150 mg/kg of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against the oral administration of 7.88 and 202.07 mg/kg/day for 14 days of either chlropyrifos-ethyl (CPE-E) or chlropyrifos-methyl (CPF-M), respectively, in male rat was investigated using biochemical and genetic markers. Biomarkers such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), paraoxonase (PON), adenosine 5′-triphosphatase (ATP-ase), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), glutathione reduced (GSH) in serum showed a significant decline in their levels, while calcium (Ca+2), cytochrome C reduction (CYC-R), lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO) levels showed a significant increase in serum of treated rats. Regarding the genotoxic parameters, when rats are treated either with CPE-E or CPF-M, liver DNA, chromosomal aberration (CA), and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCE) significantly increased, while the mitotic index (MI) and polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE)/ normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) ratio were significantly decreased. However, the administration of NAC following the intoxication of CPF-E or CPF-M attenuated the tested biochemical and genotoxic markers. It can be concluded that NAC can be used to ameliorate the toxicity of certain organophosphorus compounds such as CPF-E and CPF-M. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of sustainable manufacturing techniques to make machining processes more eco-friendly is a challenging topic that has attracted significant attention from the industrial sector for many years. As one of the dominant manufacturing processes, machining can have a considerable impact in terms of ecology, society, and economics. In certain areas, this impact is a result of using certain cutting fluids, especially during the machining of difficult-to-cut alloys such as titanium, where a large amount of cutting fluid is wasted to ease the cutting process. In such scenarios, identifying suitable machining conditions to supply cutting fluids using eco-friendly techniques is currently a major focus of academic and industrial sector research. In this study, effects of minimum quantity lubrication with different concentrations of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles on the surface roughness and cutting force of slot-milled titanium alloy is investigated using analysis of variance and response surface methodology. The results reveal that all responses are sensitive to changes in the feed per tooth, cutting depth, and cutting fluid flow rate. The regression functions generated were combined with particle swarm optimization in order to improve energy-efficiency, as well. Possible sectorial scenarios were generated for wider industrial adoption. With this study, it was proven that utilizing minimum quantity lubrication with hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles can reduce both cutting force and surface roughness, which makes it to be a promising alternative as a nanoparticle augmented minimum quantity lubrication method for machining titanium alloys. • Slot milling machining of Ti–6Al–4V is investigated under MQL mixed with hBN. • The influence of control parameters on cutting force and surface roughness is investigated using ANOVA. • Increasing hBN concentration and coolant flow rate reduced cutting force and roughness. • Finally, multi-objective PSO is applied to obtain trade-off between surface quality and energy of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the effects of elevated temperatures on nanoconcrete is a complex issue due to multiple factors and conditions that affect it. A comprehensive study is necessary to determine the real behavior of nanomodified concrete at high temperatures using different nano-modifiers for various nanomaterials, including those derived from waste. This study investigated the effect of elevated temperatures (200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C) on concrete containing nano-silica, nano-aluminum, and nano-glass materials as a partial replacement for cement at percentages of 1, 2, and 3 % by weight. Compressive strength test and XRD, TGA and SEM were performed to determine residual Compressive strength, chemical composition, mass loss, and microstructure, respectively. The results showed that incorporating nanomaterials into concrete boosted its residual compressive strength at elevated temperatures. Optimal percentages of nano glass and nano-silica were 1 % at room temperature and 200 °C, and 3 % at 400 °C and 600 °C, respectively. For 800 °C, 2 % nano aluminum was most effective. The findings conform with dense microstructure, particularly in ITZ because of the filling effects and higher CSH with a reduction in calcium hydroxide that was observed by XRD, as well as the correlation with lower mass loss of nano concrete. • Nano modified concrete showed optimal performance before and after exposure to elevated temperatures. • Using 3 % nano-silica, 2 % nano-aluminum, and 1 % nano-glass at elevated temperatures greatly improves the behavior of concrete. • Improvement in microstructure and weight loss were observed through TGA and SEM and analyzed by XRD when using nanomaterials. • using of nano-sized recycled glass in concrete showed good results at different temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Both cadmium and ethoprophos are serious environmental pollutants worldwide. • Co-existence of compounds causes more pronounced effect than each compound alone. • Combination of compounds can interfere with several systems at same time. • Ethoprophos and cadmium increases the frequency of chromosomal aberrations. • Ethoprophos and cadmium increase liver and kidney function parameters in mice. This work aimed to study the risk assessment procedures of a combination of single and repeated dose of the widely used pesticide, ethoprophos (Etho) and heavy metal cadmium (Cd), on the hematological, biochemical, reproduction and cytogenetic parameters in male mice. The results revealed that the sub-lethal dose (1/50 LD 50) of the tested toxic substances (Etho and/or Cd) reduced the body and organ weights, the most hematological profile and the activity of acetylcholine esterase (AChE). The tested pollutants significantly increased the parameters of liver function, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), as well as renal function tests, including creatinine and urea. In addition, they have deleterious effects on reproductive function tests by stimulating the number of sperm abnormalities (SA) and cytogenetic assays by increasing the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities (CA) and the mitotic index (MI). The overall results of this exploratory study suggest that the co-existence of the two tested compounds (Etho and Cd) had the propensity to cause a more pronounced effect than that of each compound alone on all the battery measured biomarkers, especially in the repeated treatment (14 doses) than that in the single one. Also, the combination of a range of simple and sensitive assays as endpoints gives a comprehensive picture and provides better insights to evaluate the potential effects of other commonly encountered environmental pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the effect of using single and combined marble dust (MD), granite dust (GD) and nano alumina (NA) on the performance of Portland cement concrete. MD and GD were separately replaced by different percentages of cement (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wt%). Furthermore, NA was used as addition by different percentages (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25 wt%) in the individual mixtures. The optimal ratios for MD, GD and NA were used to design two concrete mixtures with combined 6%MD+ 1%NA and 6%GD+ 1%NA. The physical properties (consistency, initial and final setting times), the workability (slump cone test), the mechanical properties (compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths) and microstructure analysis (X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX)) were carried on the single and combined mixtures in addition to control mix. Results revealed a rise in the water quantity needed to achieve standard consistency, along with a reduction in both initial and final setting times, as the content of GD and NA increased. However, in comparison to the control mix, minor effects in the consistency or the setting times was observed when various MD contents were used. Regarding workability, its consistently decreased in all cases in correlation with the surface area of the materials utilized. The highest reduction was observed when employing NA, characterized by the largest surface area, followed by GD, and then MD, which had a marginal effect on workability. For hardened concrete, there was an improvement in strengths of samples with replacing individually MD and GD content up to 6% at all curing ages, followed by a decrease in strengths when the content reached 10% of cement replacement compared to control sample. Concrete mixtures with addition of NA showed significant improvement in strengths at all percentages of addition until reached the maximum increase in strength at 1% then slightly decreased. Concrete with combined (6%MD+1%NA) and (6%GD+1%NA) show significantly improved mechanical properties and compact microstructure enriched with C-S-H in comparison to concrete samples using 6%MD, 6%GD and 1%NA separately. • The water of consistency increased while the initial and final setting times were shortened. • The workability of concrete was significantly diminished by NA particles. • An improvement in strength was recorded for the combined use of 6% MD and 1% NA. • An enhancement of flexural and tensile strength was attributed to the individual use of MD, GD, and NA additives. • The results of EDX analysis confirmed that lower Ca/Si ratio led to higher mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between pain catastrophizing level, sensory processing patterns, and headache severity among adolescents with episodic migraine. Background: Catastrophizing about pain is a critical variable in how we understand adjustment to pain and has a unique contribution in predicting pain intensity. Recent reports found that migraine is also related to enhanced sensory sensitivity. However, the relationship between pain severity, pain catastrophizing level and sensory sensitivity requires greater study especially among adolescents. Methods: Participants were 92 adolescents aged 13–18 years, 40 with episodic migraine and 52 healthy controls. The migraine patients were prospectively recruited from outpatient pediatric neurology clinics. All participants completed the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP), and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale for children (PCS-ch). The migraine groups also completed the PedMIDAS, which measures Headache related disability. Results: Adolescents with migraine had significantly lower tendency to seek sensory input than healthy controls. Elevated rumination and helplessness correlated with higher migraine pain severity. Tendency to avoid sensory input predicted the migraine related disability level. They also significantly higher pain catastrophizing level than healthy controls, as seen in enhanced rumination (p ≤ 0.001) and helplessness (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Sensory processing difficulties are common among adolescents with episodic migraine. Sensory avoidance may be related to pain experience, and pain catastrophizing and disability level. Trial registration: ISRCTN ISRCTN73824458. Registered 28 September 2014. retrospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]