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Finding an effective and well‐tolerated treatment for canine idiopathic sebaceous adenitis (ISA) can be challenging. This case report describes an 8‐year‐old male Rottweiler with ISA successfully treated with a combination of oclacitinib and low doses of prednisolone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Alopecia areata is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease that occurs in humans and various other mammalian species. When the disease progresses to total alopecia it is defined as alopecia areata universalis (AAU), although this outcome has only been described in humans. Hypothesis/objectives To describe a case of canine alopecia areata universalis and its clinical outcome after 22 months of follow-up. Animal A 9-year-old intact male cross-breed hunting dog was presented with generalized and complete noninflammatory alopecia of 12-14 months duration. Methods Clinical examination; histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of skin biopsies. Results There was loss of all body hair including eyelashes and vibrissae. The histopathological and immunohistochemical findings supported a diagnosis of long-standing alopecia areata. Treatment with oral ciclosporin was associated with hair regrowth but muzzle hair, most eyelashes and whiskers were still lacking after 17 months of therapy. Conclusions and clinical importance To the best of the author's knowledge this is the first documented case of canine AAU. The clinical and histopathological features were consistent with a diagnosis of AAU as defined in humans. Treatment with oral ciclosporin resulted in near complete resolution of the alopecia, but after 5 months without treatment the alopecia did not relapse and spontaneous resolution cannot be ruled out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complexes [Ag(LR)], 2 (LR = 2,2′-(imidazolium-1,3-diyl)di(2-alkylacetate)), were prepared by treatment of compounds HLR, 1, with Ag2O. They were characterised by analytical, spectroscopic (IR, 1H and 13C NMR and polarimetry) and X-ray methods (2c, 2c′ and 2e). In the solid state, these compounds are novel one-dimensional or two-dimensional coordination polymers in which silver(I) cations are connected via the chiral [LR]− anion with unprecedented coordination modes. The antimicrobial properties of these complexes were evaluated. 2a and 2b′ showed the best antimicrobial properties (minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentration) for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli pathogens. Eutomers 2b′ and 2c′ showed slightly better antimicrobial properties than their respective enantiomers 2b and 2c. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complexes {Ag[NHCMes,R]}n (R = H, 2a; Me, 2b and 2b'; iPr, 2c; iBu, 2d), were prepared by treatment of imidazolium precursor compounds [ImMes,R] (2-(3-mesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-1-yl)acetate, 1a, (S)-2-alkyl(3-mesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-1-yl)acetate, 1b–d, and (R)-2-methyl(3-mesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-1-yl)acetate, 1b', with Ag2O under appropriate conditions. They were characterised by analytical, spectroscopic (IR, 1H, and 13C NMR and polarimetry), and X-ray methods (2a). In the solid state, 2a is a one-dimensional coordination polymer, in which the silver(I) cation is bonded to the carbene ligand and to the carboxylate group of a symmetry-related Ag[NHCMes,H] moiety. The coordination environment of the silver centre is well described by the DFT study of the dimeric model {Ag[NHCMes,H]}2. The antimicrobial properties of these complexes were evaluated versus Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and P. aeruginosa. From the observed MIC and MBC values (minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration, respectively), complex 2b' showed the best antimicrobial properties (eutomer), which were significantly better than those of its enantiomeric derivative 2b (distomer). Additionally, analysis of MIC and MBC values of 2a–d reveal a clear structure–antimicrobial effect relationship. Antimicrobial activity decreases when the steric properties of the R alkyl group in {Ag[NHCMes,R]}n increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrected author list, affiliation list, authors contribution, and acknowledgements are provided below: Authors Contributions: Conceptualization and methodology, B.B. and A.A.; investigation, G.M., M.M., M.P.-A., and E.V.; writing - original draft preparation, G.M., M.M., M.P.-A., E.M.P.-S., T.O., and E.V.; writing - review and editing, T.O. and E.M.P.-S.; supervision, B.B., A.A.; funding acquisition, A.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [[1]]: Change in Author Names (Add a new one) In the original version of our article [[1]], the student Eduardo Villamor was not included as an author. The acknowledgements and authors contributions have also been modified. [Extracted from the article]

The unique properties that nanoparticles exhibit, due to their small size, are the principal reason for their numerous applications, but at the same time, this might be a massive menace to the environment. The number of studies that assess the possible ecotoxicity of nanomaterials has been increasing over the last decade to determine if, despite the positive aspects, they should be considered a potential health risk. To evaluate their potential toxicity, models are used in all types of organisms, from unicellular bacteria to complex animal species. In order to better understand the environmental consequences of nanotechnology, this literature review aims to describe and classify nanoparticles, evaluating their life cycle, their environmental releasing capacity and the type of impact, particularly on living beings, highlighting the need to develop more severe and detailed legislation. Due to their diversity, nanoparticles will be discussed in generic terms focusing on the impact of a great variety of them, highlighting the most interesting ones for the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexity of some diseases—as well as the inherent toxicity of certain drugs—has led to an increasing interest in the development and optimization of drug-delivery systems. Polymeric nanoparticles stand out as a key tool to improve drug bioavailability or specific delivery at the site of action. The versatility of polymers makes them potentially ideal for fulfilling the requirements of each particular drug-delivery system. In this review, a summary of the state-of-the-art panorama of polymeric nanoparticles as drug-delivery systems has been conducted, focusing mainly on those applications in which the corresponding disease involves an important morbidity, a considerable reduction in the life quality of patients—or even a high mortality. A revision of the use of polymeric nanoparticles for ocular drug delivery, for cancer diagnosis and treatment, as well as nutraceutical delivery, was carried out, and a short discussion about future prospects of these systems is included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]