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Bisphenol-C epoxy cinnamate (ECC) resin was synthesized by reacting 8.09 g epoxy resin of bisphenol-C, and 3.70 g cinnamic acid using 25 ml 1,4-dioxane as a solvent, and 1 ml triethylamine as a catalyst at reflux temperature for 1–6 h. Solid epoxy cinnamate is found to have excellent solubility in common organic solvents, 10.4–4.1 mg KOHg−1 acid values, and 303.0–426.0 mg KOH g−1 hydroxyl values. FTIR and 1HNMR spectral data supported the structure of ECC. Thermal polymerization of ECC followed by decomposition is supported by DSC exothermic (142.9°°C) and broad endothermic (300°°C) transitions. ECC followed three steps of degradation kinetics. The first step followed first-order (1.13) degradation kinetics, while the second (2.40) and the third (0.58) steps followed fractional-order degradation kinetics. The energy of activation for the second and third steps is more than 3 times that of the first step. The entropy change (ΔS*) for the first (− 176.3JK−1 mol−1) and third (− 84 JK−1 mol−1) steps are found large and negative, while it is positive for the second step (9.4 JK−1 mol−1). Jute-, Glass- and Jute-biomass-ECCS composites showed moderate to fairly good tensile strength, flexural strength, electric strength, and fairly good volume resistivity. J-ECCS and G-ECCS composites showed high water absorption tendency and excellent hydrolytic stability against water, 10% aq. HCl and 10% aq. NaCl and even in boiling water. The composites may be useful during natural calamities and under diverse environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol-C epoxy crotonate resin was synthesized by reacting 8.09g epoxy resin of bisphenol-C, and 2.15g crotonic acid using 25 mL 1,4-dioxane as a solvent, and 1 mL triethylamine as a catalyst at reflux temperature for 1-6 h. Solid epoxy crotonate (ECCR) is highly soluble in common organic solvents. ECCR was characterized by its acid (24.5-1.5 mg KOH/g) and hydroxyl (504.5-678.4 mg KOH/g) values. The structure of ECCR is supported by FTIR and 1HNMR spectroscopic methods. A DSC endothermic transition at 229oC indicated melting followed by thermal polymerization of ECCR. ECCR is thermally stable up to 320oC and follows three-step degradation kinetics. The first step followed first-order degradation kinetics, while the second and third steps followed one-half-order degradation kinetics. High values of kinetic parameters suggested the rigid nature of the crosslinked resin. Jute-, Glass- and Jute-natural fiber-ECCR composites showed moderate tensile strength, flexural strength, electric strength, and volume resistivity due to the rigid nature and poor interfacial adhesion of the composites. J-ECCR and G-ECCR composites showed high water absorption tendency and excellent hydrolytic stability against water, 10% aq. HCl and 10% aq. NaCl and even in boiling water. Mechanical and electrical properties and water absorption tendency of the composites indicated their usefulness as low load-bearing housing and insulating materials. They can also be utilized in harsh environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copoly (ester-sulfonate) (CPMCDI) of 1,1'-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy phenyl) cyclohexane (5mmol), isophthaloyl chloride(2.5mmol) and 4,4'-diphenyl disulfonyl chloride(2.5 mmol) has been synthesized by interfacial polycondensation technique at 5°C for 31/2 h using water-1,2- dichloroethane(50:12.5 mL) as diphasic system, alkali (0.015 mol) as an acid acceptor and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)(110mg) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) (20mg) as mixed emulsifiers. CPMCDI is characterized by solubility, IR and NMR spectroscopic techniques, viscosity in four different solvents at 30 0C, molecular weight by GPC (...Mw= 2.5 x 104, ...Mn= 0.87 x 104, ...Mn...Mw ) and density (1.2644 g/cm³) by flotation method. A 0.10 mm thick CPMCDI film has 17.4 MPa tensile strength, 30kV/mm electric strength at 27°C and 8.7x 1011 Ω cm volume resistivity at 25°C. CPMCDI possesses fairly good hydrolytic stability against water, acids, alkalis and salts at 35°C, high Tg (183°C) and good thermal stability (325°C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]