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Rooted in the emotions-as-frames model (EFM), this research examines how hope, fear, and annoyance are evoked through health news headline scanning, and how these emotions influence perceptions of news and medical science institutions as well as health behavioral intentions. A sample of U.S. adults (N = 327) were assigned to one of four headline framing conditions expected to associate with different emotions (positive future frame-hope; threat frame-fear/anxiety; reversal frame-annoyance; and control-neutral) and then asked about their emotional states, trust in science and news, and health-related behavioral intentions. Overall, health news headlines generated more hope than any other emotion across all conditions, and positive future-framed headlines evoked more hope than other framed headlines. Felt hope, in turn, generated greater trust in news and science, higher expectations of medical breakthroughs and cures, and greater intention to engage in preventative health behaviors. Felt anxiety had marginal positive benefits whereas felt annoyance negatively impacted the outcomes of interest. Notably, felt emotion mediated the headline frame-outcome relationships in the positive future/hope condition. These findings offer some support for the EFM and demonstrate that scanning headlines imbued with specific emotional frames can influence important health-related outcomes through the emotions they evoke. We discuss both the theoretical and practical implication of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current media environment, some individuals have shifted from actively monitoring news toward passively waiting for the media to alert them about news to a certain extent, forming a "news-finds-me" (NFM) perception. Drawing on a cross-sectional survey (N = 906) of adults from the United States, this study investigates the relationship between the NFM perception and COVID-19 misperceptions. Findings demonstrated a positive association between NFM perception and misperceptions. Moreover, information avoidance mediated the relationship between NFM and misperception. Finally, need for cognition (NFC) was a significant moderator, such that among those with greater NFC, the indirect effect of NFM perception on misperceptions became weaker. Findings of this study can contribute to the literature of NFM perception in health contexts and provide useful guidelines for combating misinformation and misperceptions in the algorithm-generated information environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study aimed to assess anxiety and fear of COVID-19 among home-staying Bangladeshi students. Participants: A total of 3997 university students across Bangladesh participated in the study. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the generalized anxiety disorder scale and the fear of COVID-19 scale to measure anxiety and fear, respectively. Results: 40.11% of participants had anxiety. Fear of death by COVID-19 (β1'=4.45; 95% CI: 3.99-4.90) and perceiving COVID-19-like symptoms as having COVID-19 (β1'=2.47; 95% CI: 1.76-3.18) were associated with higher fear. Exposure to COVID-19 news on social media was a predictor of fear and anxiety. Furthermore, the severe educational loss was associated with fear (β1'=2.88; 95% CI: 2.25-3.50) and anxiety (β2'=1.91; 95% CI: 1.41 to 2.41). Physical exercise and recreational activities were protective factors for fear and anxiety. Conclusion: The study reports a higher level of psychological difficulties among students during the COVID-19 pandemic which needs further longitudinal exploration to design appropriate interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the strategies modern-day autocrats use to delegitimate the press as a means of consolidating power, including in democratic states. Using content analysis and Brazil as a case study, I examine Bolsonaro's online discourse on X and YouTube, during the second half of his administration (January 2021–December 2022). I argue that Bolsonaro endeavors to promote an image of the press that centers on three elements: unreliability, obsolescence, and being an enemy to the people. The delegitimation of the press through discursive, insidious means suggests a change in the way autocrats exercise power. Rather than deploying the repressive tactics of old, modern autocrats are updating their toolbox to monopolize power while enjoying the legitimacy normally granted by democratic norms. These findings raise questions about the dispersion of authoritarian practices in supposed democracies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In June 1849, James K. Polk died from cholera in Nashville, less than four months removed from the presidency. Seizing on a sensational column in the New York Herald, the editor of the Tennessee Baptist, J. R. Graves, used Polk’s hasty deathbed conversion to educate southerners about the inherent dangers they embraced when they joined Methodist and Presbyterian congregations. The ensuing debate offers a window into the sectarian edge of Nashville’s religious weeklies, revealing that far from fearing greed or secularization, they embraced competition from other Protestant denominations in a race to build a modern, denominational press that could evangelize the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Did love conquer marriage between the 19th and 20th centuries in France? Does a personal choice imply a free choice? To date, no study has had access to sources that are both numerous and sufficiently stable over the vast period of the 19th and 20th centuries to allow a comprehensive examination of the simultaneous emergence of the love marriage norm and its impact on spouse selection. This paper sets out specifically to explore the issues of spouse selection and the eco-intimate changes in marriages, highlighting the evolution of the love marriage norm, using the archives of matrimonial agencies and advertisements from the 19th and 20th centuries. While the writings of the time debated the merits of marrying for money versus marrying for love, the dating market was serving a bourgeois clientele in search of homogamy. The study of agency operations shows how these marriages first unite two families and two heritages from the same milieu. This good match is seen as a necessary condition for mutual affection. When, in the 20th century, matrimonial ads more systematically enabled individuals to search for their spouse themselves, without the help of their family, these economic stakes did not disappear, but underwent a significant evolution. They are now put on the same level as moral and physical criteria. While homogamy was still preferred, it was no longer considered the only condition for a happy union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social media platform Facebook turned twenty in 2024 and currently has three billion monthly users. From the beginning, the press relied on this platform to publish its news content, achieving a high engagement rate and significant website traffic from Facebook. This research aims to study the positioning that the Spanish press (El País, El Mundo, ABC, La Vanguardia, El Español, elDiaro.es, El HuffPost, and 20 Minutos) is developing on this platform to confirm mainly whether there have been variations in this period and what their short- and long-term strategies could be as a result of the latest events that have impacted this platform. This research will adopt a mixed approach. In the first phase, we will quantitatively analyse the evolution of the acquisition of followers, the number of posts, and audience interactions over 10 years, from 1 January 2014 to December 2023, with a sample of N = 1,579,267 posts. The second part analyses qualitative data collected through interviews with the selected media managers. This research concludes by confirming that most of the newspapers in this sample are changing their strategy on this platform, mainly due to the difficulty of acquiring new users and the decrease in the engagement rate of their community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to determine the direction of press law research trends, identify relationships between other scientific concepts based on press law keywords. The method used in this research is bibliometric analysis, the data used was taken from Scopus in the period 2013-2023. Data collection was carried out based on the Scopus database. Data collection was carried out using Publish or Perish software as metadata with a total of 26 articles obtained. Data analysis was carried out using Vosviewer software as a bibliometric analysis medium. The results of the research show that press law research mapping has increased, in terms of quantity it has increased. The highest publication growth occurred in 2021, reaching 28 journals (23%), while in 2005 the lowest publication was 2 publications (2%), in 2013 there were no Scopus publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Acute respiratory infection is a common reason why children under the age of five get sick or die (ARIs). Lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs) are the main cause of death in children. The Pediatric Respiratory Severity Score (PRESS) for Respiratory Tract Infection is a novel and less complex bedside scoring method first development in Yokohama hospital. Hence the aim of the study was to determine the implication of PRESS score in evaluation of children admitted with respiratory distress in PICU. Objectives To evaluate PRESS as a severity assessment scoring for acute respiratory infections in pediatric patients. Methods This was a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary health care center conducted for a duration of 2 year. All the children admitted with respiratory distress having any 2 features such as tachypnoea, use of accessory muscles, use of intercostal and subcostal muscles, grunting, cyanosis, feeding difficulties and wheeze admitted in were included in the study. PRESS scoring system measured five things: breathing rate, wheezing, use of accessory muscles, SpO2, and difficulty feeding. Each part was assigned 0 or 1 point, and the total score showed how mild, moderate, or severe the problem was. Results Total of 344 children were included. Disease was mild in 44 (12.7%), moderate in 188 (54.7%) and severe in 112 (32.5%). There is statistically significant differences present in pH & pCO2 values in various PRESS scores, but there was no correlation with mechanical ventilation, oxygen supply and PICU stay. Conclusion Those with higher PRESS score had longer picu stay and need more oxygen therapy or have higher rate of mechanical ventilation. It is a very simple and easy tool to predict severity of acute respiratory infections and can be used as a guide for severity wise treatment of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trust in nonpartisan news is essential to civil society—but is declining in the United States. However, language that demonstrates active engagement with opposing views may build trust. One way to demonstrate such active engagement is conversational receptiveness: the use of linguistic features such as agreement, acknowledgment, subjectivity, and positive emotion, among others. A review of prior work on conversational receptiveness suggests its usefulness in interpersonal conflict. This toolkit might effectively apply also to the challenge of restoring trust in nonpartisan media. A demonstration study illustrates proof of concept: In 600 opinion articles from prominent news sources, more receptive language was associated with reader trust. Pending programmatic research will address limitations, feasibility constraints, open questions, and future empirical directions—including causal tests in applied settings. At a minimum, extrapolating conversational receptivity from its role in interpersonal conflict suggests a role in building trust in nonpartisan media. Conversational receptiveness might present a cost-effective, scalable approach for media producers to bridge political divides and rebuild trust—without alienating existing audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Latinxs lack equitable access to science-based, accessible, trustworthy, and bilingual health information and rely heavily on TV news as a source of health information. This study examines how TV news media convey COVID-19 health- and safety-related information to the public, focusing on communications that target Latinxs in the US, a group disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Method: To understand how information targets Latinxs, we analyzed conceptual metaphors used in Spanish and English descriptions of the COVID-19 pandemic using TV news archive. Metaphor is an integral part of daily communication that can help people explain what is abstract in terms of what is concrete. Our analysis focused on prominent COVID-19 metaphors in both languages: war, journey, and natural disaster. Results: Similar to previous studies, we found that war metaphors were pervasive in English, for instance, as in 'Diagnostic testing is the only weapon that allows you to fight COVID-19' and 'a 15-day battle with COVID-19.' A new finding was that war metaphors were even more common in Spanish than in English. The journey metaphor had similar rates of use in both languages, while the natural disaster metaphors were more common in English than in Spanish. Conclusions: Our work provides novel insights into how TV news reports use metaphor to convey information about COVID-19 to viewers in English and Spanish. We also offer implications on using culturally informed language and conclude with directions for future research to guide health communications serving linguistic minority communities such as Latinxs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article will discuss the question of whether and to what extent private ownership of media is the appropriate form for organising the infrastructures of social communication, or whether media oriented towards the common good and not profit-driven are better suited to the requirements of democratic communication in a pluralistic society. Starting from the dual character of media as merit goods and commodities, the connection between media concentration and democracy will be discussed based on concentration theories. In view of the fears that this connection might lead to negative excesses, media policy has long been attempting to curb media concentration. These efforts are shortly presented and discussed. Possibilities of balancing the dual character of the media within the framework of different ownership structures lead to the idea that public service media can form a counterweight to media concentration. This is as well an option for an internet oriented towards the common good. The suggestion of a Public Service Media and Public Service Manifesto that was published in 2021 and supported by more than 1000 subscribers from the academic and media community worldwide illustrates this possibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a historical case study analysis of a press system in transition and the role of ownership therein. More specifically, the article looks at early battles over press ownership fought by West German publishing houses in socialist East Germany after the fall of the Berlin Wall. By means of early joint-venture agreements and financial investments, these publishers entered alliances with newspapers long before the latter were officially privatized by the Treuhandanstalt —a semi-public institution responsible for privatizing the entire economy of the German Democratic Republic (GDR). To make this point, the article first sketches some relevant theoretical concepts, then introduces the GDR press system, and finally shows how pre-emptive joint-venture deals became the key to privatizing an entire press system. By uncovering the underlying dynamics of media in transition, this article adds a historical current to the understanding of more recent transformations in media and communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on critical capitalism theory and the social responsibility theory of media, this paper explores the role of the state as a news media owner in contemporary European media systems and the capitalist context. It focuses on accountability and the relationships between the state, state-owned media outlets, and the public. Academic research to date has predominantly examined public service media (PSM) and the dichotomy of private versus public media, thereby overlooking other models of state ownership. The lack of clear regulations on the state's accountability as a media owner outside PSM at the EU level, along with uncertainties in national regulatory frameworks (such as those seen in Slovenia, and the recent reinstatement of state ownership of media in Serbia) raise concerns about the potential for abuse of power. These issues are particularly relevant in the current context of illiberal and authoritarian tendencies within modern European capitalist societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the researchers have investigated the practice of intermedia citations in the leading newspapers of India and Pakistan over an extending time period from 2005 to 2022. The case of these two countries is important because relationships between them have been acrimonious since the division of the subcontinent in 1947 over a number of contentious issues. In line with the existing literature, we found that the press of two countries relied on each other to provide information about the happenings on the other side of the border. Intermedia citations increased when important events happened like eruption of violence or initiation of peace process. However, despite the practice of intermedia citation, the press of the two countries expressed reservations about the authenticity of such information. Moreover, we found that reservations were expressed more on security issues as compared to the non-security issues like socio-cultural events. The press of the two countries do not objectively inform readers about the perspective of opponent side on critical bilateral issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Drawing on cognitive appraisal theory, this study investigates the effect of daily COVID-19 news on daily anxiety and protective behaviors (e.g., wearing masks and washing hands). This study proposes that such processes, leading to self-protection, are highly likely when individuals have directly experienced the Wuhan epidemic at the beginning of 2020, which is the most serious COVID-19 outbreak in history. Methods: The positive effect of daily COVID-19 news on daily protective behaviors through daily COVID-19 anxiety was examined in this study, which was hypothesized to be accentuated by direct Wuhan epidemic experience. An online survey based on the experience sample method (ESM) was conducted during the COVID-19 epidemic in Hebei Province, China, at the beginning of 2021, in which 82 working adults participated in a daily survey for five consecutive days. Once a day during the five-day period, the participants reported their daily COVID-19 news exposure, daily COVID-19 anxiety, and daily protective behaviors. Wuhan epidemic experience was measured by the place of residence of the participants during the 2020 Wuhan epidemic through a separate general survey conducted before the ESM survey. Results: Analysis of 392 day-level data confirmed the positive link between daily COVID-19 news and daily protective behaviors, mediated by daily COVID-19 anxiety (b = 0.03, SE = 0.01, p = 0.018). Furthermore, the mediated effect was significant for the participants with direct COVID-19 experience in Wuhan in 2020 (b = 0.05, SE = 0.03, p = 0.041) but not significant for those without direct experience in Wuhan (b = 0.01, SE = 0.01, p = 0.461). Thus, the results confirmed the positive moderating role of Wuhan epidemic experience. Conclusions: The analysis reveals the psychological mechanism through which COVID-19 information promotes self-protection measures to control the infectious disease and highlights the importance of direct COVID-19 experience in generating such an effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study identified rural community experiences and preferences related to available resources and their effects on stress following tornadoes and floods. Methods: The Rural Natural Disaster Stress and Recovery survey was distributed from December 2021 to February 2022 in rural disaster-affected communities. Within the analysis sample (N = 159) of self-selected participants representing both agricultural and non-agricultural occupations, 125 responded to the Resource Use and Effect survey component that evaluated the effects of 22 resources on post-disaster stress. Additional qualitative questions provided further data. Results: The most frequently used resources post-disaster were found to be talking about the event (98.3%), friends and neighbors (97.6%) and family (97.6%). Using a derived Impact per Use score, groups from the neighboring community and personal faith activities most often reduced stress. Resources that increased stress were identified as FEMA or other government organizations; repairing, replacing, or rebuilding property; and following news or social media. Participants reported help from their community (35.8%) or things they did for themselves (31.2%) most effectively decreased disaster stress. Family, friends, faith, neighbors, and community were top choices to decrease stress in a future disaster. Conclusion: Rural residents identified available resources for reducing disaster stress, but some common post-disaster activities were found to increase stress. Rural emergency management should adapt response and recovery plans and activities to leverage readily accessible people, groups, and activities to mitigate negative mental and emotional health effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, cultural policymaking frequently came to the fore in media debates about the impact of the crisis and measures to alleviate it. In this article, we present evidence of how newspaper coverage of the cultural and creative industries (CCIs) identified and framed competing perceptions of the relative utility of policymaking in this context, while also problematising familiar assumptions about the CCIs among policymakers, journalists and (arguably) the public. Specifically, we analysed British news and editorial items (n.4,162) published from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020. It offers a novel investigation into the ways in which media and policy rhetoric overlap, interact and influence each other. In doing so, this article contributes a unique perspective to the study and practice of cultural policy, bringing to light the typically underexplored role of the news media in shaping the narratives driving cultural policy deliberation and action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite their essential role in language concordant patient care, medical interpreters do not routinely receive training focused on difficult conversations and may not feel comfortable interpreting these encounters. Previous studies, while acknowledging the need for increased support, have provided limited strategies targeted at enhancing interpreter training and improving interpreter comfort levels in difficult conversations. Methods: Fifty-seven in-person medical interpreters providing services at our quaternary and community hospitals completed a 21-question mixed-methods survey regarding their comfort levels and experiences surrounding serious illness conversations. Results: Most medical interpreters reported being uncomfortable interpreting conversations surrounding difficult diagnosis, poor prognosis, and/or end-of-life. Nearly all respondents (98%) indicated that pre-meetings and/or debriefings with the medical team are helpful, yet only 25% reported frequent participation in these meetings. Conclusions: Our study highlighted the significant variability in medical interpreter training as well as ranging comfort levels in interpreting difficult conversations. Medical providers should not presume that interpreters are instantly prepared for these encounters. Current findings call for novel training opportunities specific to medical interpreters and difficult dialogues, as well as improved adherence of interprofessional pre-meeting/debriefings when serious news is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The papers in this issue were first assembled for the American Academy of Religion conference in 2022 to consider Søren Kierkegaard's analysis of the media environment of his day and the relevance of his perspective to both traditional and new media today. Each author takes a different approach to Kierkegaard's ethics of mass communication, but all agree that his ideas still retain a great deal of applicability in a vastly different media environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Søren Kierkegaard and Walter Lippmann wrote in very different times and places but both characterized the public as a "phantom." Importantly, each did so within the context of a broader analysis that linked the press with specific notions about the public and democracy. This paper highlights the specific characteristics of the press that each thinker believed were responsible for the construction of the phantom public and its effects. While taking seriously the differences between Kierkegaard and Lippmann, in both their respective sociopolitical contexts and their formulations of the public and the press, this paper applies their critiques to a vastly different media terrain than either thinker could have envisioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Søren Kierkegaard was engaged with the press in a variety of ways throughout his authorship. Although studies of Kierkegaard's interactions with the public press of his time have largely focused on his dispute with the satirical newspaper, Corsaren, in this paper I examine his first engagement with the press—a mostly anonymous newspaper dispute with the Danish social activist, Orla Lehmann, about the freedom of the press in Denmark—as a lens through which to understand his thoughts on the press in general, on anonymous authorship in the newspapers and otherwise, and the ethical and religious significance Kierkegaard sees in the methods we employ, including anonymity, when we engage one another in public writings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selective power of digital audiences, fragmented and multiplatform, produces a discrepancy between what the media offer as most relevant in their agenda and what the public prefers to consume or share. A ‘news coverage gap’ that is analysed in this paper applied to the case of the Ukrainian war in the international press. For this purpose, the news highlighted on the frong page, the most read by the web audience and the most shared by Twitter/X users of the digital editions of El País (Spain), Público (Portugal), The Guardian (UK) and The New York Times (US) is collected for four weeks of 2022. The initial sample (N=1680) forms a final useful sample (N=259) on the Russian-Ukrainian conflict to which a content analysis is applied around four categories: journalistic narrative, multimedia, interactivity and tabloidization treatment. The main results show that three of the four media dedicate less than 25% of their front page to the Ukrainian war. A breaking news coverage, augmented by ‘hook’ headlines, which decreases as time goes by and which barely finds interest in the audience, with consumption and dissemination rates between 10% and 3%. This disparity between the most relevant journalistic selection and the preferences of the public reflects an audience that disregards the criteria of journalistic relevance and media that fail to capture their interest or attention regarding the coverage of the conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change has become a global issue, but no study has examined the discursive construction of resistance to climate change as part of crisis response in the media. To fill this gap, this study employs Wodak's discourse-historical approach to examine 82 news articles collected from China's English-language news media. The analysis reveals three themes used in the construction of a discourse of resistance to climate change: (1) climate change as a global enemy, (2) China as a leading climate change fighter, and (3) other nations as China's allies in the fight. These themes are articulated in the news stories using discursive strategies such as nomination, predication, argumentation, and mitigation. The article sheds light on the language state-run news media uses to project China's image abroad and encourage international collaboration and action in the fight against climate change. It also illustrates how discourse analysis can illuminate the geopolitical and sociocultural dimensions of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metaphorical language describing the COVID-19 pandemic as a war has been pervasive in public discourse (e.g. "the pandemic is a war," "the virus is an enemy," and "the vaccine is a weapon"). This study employs an online survey experiment (N = 551 U.S. adults) to examine the impact of war metaphors compared to non-metaphorical literal frames and fire metaphors (e.g. "the pandemic is a wildfire"). War metaphors exhibited little advantage over literal frames across a variety of desirable outcomes (i.e. the adoption of pro-health behaviors against COVID-19, perceived solidarity and collective responsibility to curb the pandemic, and intentions to discuss and share the health news with others). However, this study revealed some benefits of war metaphors over fire metaphors. Compared with fire metaphors, health news featuring war metaphors increased both positive emotions and perceived threats of COVID-19, which in turn promoted pro-health behaviors against COVID-19 and perceived solidarity to cope with the public health crisis. Moreover, positive emotions in response to war metaphors also indirectly encouraged the retransmission of science-based COVID-19 health news. This study thus showcased the benefits and limitations of war metaphors and revealed the mediating roles of perceived threats and positive emotions in explaining war metaphorical framing effects. Implications of using war and fire metaphors for communicating about public health crises are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores whether and how journalists cover various forms of differentiation in the European Union (EU) in the news. Differentiation is a key feature of European integration, viewed by some as a facilitator of democracy and by others as a mechanism leading to dominance. Yet we know only little how its complex and controversial aspects are communicated to the citizens by journalists in their role as public mediator and critical watchdogs. Drawing on a selection of news reports published between 2015 and 2020 in nine media outlets from Germany, Denmark, and the UK, we find that the media frequently covers EU differentiation in a range of forms that extends beyond the conventional academic focus on territory-based differentiated integration. The majority of this coverage presents a balanced view, yet nuances emerge with respect to the forms of differentiation discussed and the origins of commentary on these matters. Overall, these results point to the key role of the media as translators and watchdogs of the complexity of EU governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Roma Opening process of the ruling party of Turkey resulted in disappointment for Roma, similar to other opening processes regarding the rights and demands of the Kurdish and Alevite communities and their respective civil society organizations. This paper focuses on the dynamics and results of the Roma opening process within the framework of prospects for developing the notion of active citizenship in Turkey. The article also addresses the news media coverage of the Roma opening process and its aftermath, again investigating the role of the media in enhancing the ideals of active citizenship. Within these considerations, after a theoretical debate on the importance of active citizenship and the role of the media in its development, the Turkish case of the Roma/Gypsy question will be discussed concerning the Roma Opening process and its news media coverage based on a qualitative content analysis. Finally, particular attention will be devoted to the structural limits of active citizenship in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article interrogates the controversial field of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), focussing in particular on the implication of the British press in its regulation. It grounds its analysis in a 'decentred' understanding of regulation; a socio-legal approach which moves beyond formal regulation and regulators, and instead foregrounds diverse social actors and their attempts to alter behaviour across a given domain. Focussing on The Times newspaper as a case-study, it identifies five regulatory techniques through which the newspaper drew (and redrew) lines separating the safe from the risky, the efficacious from the sham, and the normal from the deviant. By analytically decentring CAM's formal regulation, this article provides a conceptual contribution. It highlights an everyday form of healthcare regulation directed at prospective users which may be just as significant in potentially guiding users towards or away from particular healthcare practices/practitioners as the more traditional, formal kinds of regulation identified in regulatory literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title of this paper refers to both the personality and work of two Spaniards, who, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, had to abandon their homeland fleeing from the absolutism of King Ferdinand VII (1784–1833). The exile of the Spanish liberal writers started in 1814 and was characterized by two major milestones: the first between 1814 and 1820, where Great Britain was the main destination; and a second wave which began in 1823 and ended in 1833, wherein France gained prominence as a reception centre. Although the journalistic activities that were both undertaken in Paris were less relevant than those carried out by other writers in London, the truth is that with their reading, we can better understand the study of this exile journalism and the subsequent liberal journalism that was developed in Spain when the conditions allowed it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysing legal cases involving libel, rioting, sedition, and breaches of the press acts in colonial and postcolonial India, this article emphasises the continued relevance of eighteenth-century common law precedents to the conceptualisation of 'freedom of expression'. Lawyer Thomas Erskine's advocacy of liberty of speech in a series of seditious libel trials and Lord Mansfield's notable commentary in the Shipley (Dean of St. Asaph) case provided a resilient framework for adjudicating the issue until the 1950s. Changes in the Indian political climate, however, prompted varying reassessments of these findings. Prior to 1910, judges and defendants in the trials of Reverend James Long, Kahanji Dharamsingh, and B. G. Tilak mined Erskine's speeches as a resource that could help them clarify authorial intent, gauge the 'tendency' of texts, and specify the constitutional role of the jury. After this period, debates over freedom of expression increasingly centred upon Mansfield's ruling — popularised by scholar A. V. Dicey — that solely associated liberty of speech with the absence of licenses for publication. Thereafter, critics of the Indian press acts weaponized Mansfield's ruling to challenge the colonial state's burgeoning autocracy. By the 1950s, a third shift had occurred as justices and parliamentarians offered contrary interpretations of Dicey's own analysis in debating the Indian government's continued reliance on censorship laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents medical news in the U.S. as of August 2024. Topics include a study published in "Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report," which showed that vaccines prevented more than 500 million illnesses and 1.13 million deaths among children born over the last three decades, study finding that adolescents were most likely to experience low energy/tiredness while children were most likely to report headache, and funding announced by the U.S. administration to improve maternal health.

This study aims to assess the impact of continuous 24/7 news broadcasting on the mental well‐being of Jewish Israelis during the 'Iron Swords' War and compare it to findings from the 2014 Conflict. An internet‐based cross‐sectional panel survey was conducted on 11–12 October 2023, during the 'Iron Swords' War. The study focused on Israel's adult Jewish population, enabling comparisons with a previous 2014 study. Participants reported news consumption changes, attitudes towards newscasts (burdensome, relaxing, stressful, addictive, Fear Of Missing Out [FOMO], avoidance), opinions on 24/7 news, and anxiety symptoms. Among 802 adult Jewish participants in Israel, 83.8% increased news consumption. While more than 70% of respondents found the newscast stressing at least a medium level, more than 40% said they do not try to avoid them at all. Nearly 24% found it much addictive. Women and younger individuals reported more FOMO, stress, and addiction. More than 70% reported experiencing at least one anxiety symptom, and 21% of all four. Linear regression explained 42.9% of the variance of reported anxiety, with gender, age, news stress, addiction, and FOMO as predictors. The current study results show an increase in all measurements compared to a separate study conducted using the same tools in 2014. Jewish Israelis struggled with news consumption during the recent war, harming mental health. Heightened anxiety was observed, compared to 2014, and affected all demographics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the effect of positive elements in suicide reporting guidelines, we assessed how responsible reporting on suicide (RRS) affect cognitive and intentional responses. We also investigated the moderating role of audience reflectiveness in news processing. Here, 308 individuals participated in a single-factor between-subject experiment conducted in South Korea. We manipulated the number of positive RRS features in news articles by adding suicide statistics, contact information for helplines, and efficacy-enforcing information. Overall, news articles containing multiple RRS elements had a stronger impact on behavioral intentions to help others in a suicidal crisis than a basic news article without RRS elements. Interestingly, reflectiveness had a stronger influence on individuals who read a suicide news report having the most RRS elements relative to those who read suicide news without any RRS elements, signifying an indirect impact of suicide news on intentions to help. The implications of this RRS effect identified are discussed in terms of suicide prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a textual analysis of Egyptian queer activist Sarah Hegazi's suicide in 2020. Based on a grounded theory approach, qualitative analysis was performed on 23 media articles from Egypt, Lebanon, and the United States, with particular focus on episodic/thematic frames and the stigma/stigma-challenging frames due to their significance in studies about mental illness. The main findings reveal that Egypt had the highest stigma frames coupled with the lowest sympathy theme and the least attack on the Egyptian regime, whereas US and Lebanese outlets displayed high sympathy and vehemently attacked the Egyptian regime. Further, the study explains the findings in relation to country media systems. The significance of the study lies in its analysis of media coverage in three countries to help us understand how Arab and American media discuss the intersection of mental health and queerness in the Arab world. It also enriches the health communication literature as the first study to analyze the framing of the suicide of an Arab woman outside the context of war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the mass media reception of Annie Ernaux's 2022 Nobel Prize, particularly the criticisms in the French press. After the award announcement, Ernaux was at once celebrated for her feminist writing and vilified for her socio-ethnographic approach and political engagements. French journalists and critics have deemed her Nobel illegitimate, calling into question the Swedish Academy's choice. The article probes the concept of 'il/legitimacy' by drawing on Pierre Bourdieu's sociology of culture and by reading Ernaux's award within three contexts: the history of the Nobel Prize in Literature; mass media evaluations of her works' aesthetic value; and literary debates about the impact of authors' politics on their candidacy to the Nobel. I argue that the legitimacy of Ernaux's Nobel Prize is the result of a process of cultural negotiation involving authors, texts, and individual as well as institutional agents. Becoming a Nobel laureate is a lengthy process that needs to be examined in the light of all these factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conversational technologies such as chatbots have shown to be promising in eliciting self-disclosure in several contexts. Implementing such a technology that fosters self-disclosure can help to assess sensitive topics such as behaviours that are perceived as unaccepted by others, i.e. the exposure to unaccepted (alternative) news sources. This study tests whether a conversational (chatbot) format, compared to a traditional web-based survey, can enhance self-disclosure in the political news context by implementing a two-week longitudinal, experimental research design (n = 193). Results show that users disclose unaccepted news exposure significantly more often to a chatbot, compared to a traditional web-based survey, providing evidence for a chatbots' ability to foster the disclosure of sensitive behaviours. Unlike our hypotheses, our study also shows that social presence, intimacy, and enjoyment cannot explain self-disclosure in this context, and that self-disclosure generally decreases over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the case of the first Irish journalist to be imprisoned for refusing to reveal his sources. In his capacity as political correspondent with the Irish Press, Joseph Dennigan (1910–1950) was called as a witness in a case in December 1933 against a member of the ‘Blueshirts’, a quasi-fascist organisation. Dennigan declined to identify the official sources who he consulted in writing an article about the prohibition of the organisation. The decision to impose a one-month sentence on the journalist generated considerable political reaction and extensive coverage in the Irish and international press. Drawing on Dennigan papers, this article examines the contempt case and also issues that arise from this particular episode, specifically government transition and politician-source relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pakistan, with agriculture contributing 18.9% to its economy, is significantly impacted by climate change. According to German Watch, Pakistan is the 7th most vulnerable country to climate change. This study examines how media shapes the discourse on environmental issues and the extent of coverage provided to these topics. A qualitative content analysis of three leading English newspapers was conducted, focusing on op-ed pages over a four-year period from 2021 to 2024. Despite media's role as a societal mirror, the content on these platforms is often dominated by media elites and powerful establishments. The findings reveal that while there is substantial coverage of climate change and related issues, different newspapers employ various frames such as global warming, pollution, melting glaciers, and rising sea levels. However, the overall low coverage of environmental issues results in a public that is less sensitive to these critical topics. This insufficient coverage has significant implications for both individuals and society at large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of when Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founding statesman who saved the country from foreign occupation and paved the way for a modern, democratic and secular state of law by establishing the Republic of Turkey, began to be known to the public has been at the forefront recently. The most important point for a person to be known to the public is that the positive or negative actions of that person during his lifetime are reported in the written and visual media. It is known that the first news about Atatürk and his first photograph appeared in the press in 1911. The achievements, photographs and articles of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk during the Tripoli, Dardanelles and World War years found their place in the visual and written media. These activities of Atatürk were also reflected in the foreign press at almost the same time. Mustafa Kemal Pasha's; The meeting he had with an Australian journalist in December 1918 after arriving in Istanbul attracted so much attention that the same statement found its place in many Australian press until the beginning of 1919. In our article, we will show, with the findings obtained from the Australian press, that Mustafa Kemal Atatürk became known thanks to the statement he gave to an Australian journalist in 1918-1919. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global nature of air pollution and the range of distances pollutant particles can travel warrant the general population to be knowledgeable about air related events, not only regionally, but also nationally and internationally. Current awareness about air pollution among the public remains low, but this can be mitigated by detailed coverage of these events in the media. The study addresses this by analyzing the content included in air pollution-related news articles. More specifically, this study aims to determine the comprehensiveness of news sources netizens consult to potentially inform their environmental health-related decisions. Of 14 content areas that were looked for in the 100-article sample, two (research findings mentioned and type of particles) were found in a majority (>50%) of the articles. Official complaints and Air Quality Index (AQI) were included in less than 10% of the articles sampled with each only being featured in six articles. Independent Chi-square tests (α =.05) determined that URL extension had a statistical effect on the inclusion of the following three areas: types of particles (p =.0280), type of community (p =.0280), and AQI (p =.0316). In all cases, the.com articles featured the given content in more articles than those from other website extensions. This research should be used to drive the conversation about air pollution awareness and knowledge among the general population and how their acquired knowledge influences their health behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to describe the attitudes to LGBTIQ+ visibility presented in the comment section to news written by the Chilean press and published on Facebook pages between the years 2019 and 2020. The concepts of visibility and attitudes are addressed in the frame of reference, specifically, prejudice, discrimination, and stigma. The role of social media services (SM) in LGBTIQ+ visibility is explained. Employing a qualitative methodology and the main techniques of empirical grounded theory, the data obtained from the natural observation of comments on Facebook posts that met the eligibility criteria was progressively analyzed. The corpus was made up of 2879 comments extracted from 8 pieces of news. An analysis of inductive content was carried out by using open coding and coaxial coding. The verbal and graphic content of the comments was systematized in categories that organize gradually the comments from more positive attitudes to more negative ones. The positive attitudes champion the importance of LGBTIQ+ visibility, the right to comprehensive healthcare, the right to equality, and respect. The negative attitudes are mainly related to moral principles related to religion, family and/or cisheteronormativity, and, in the most extreme cases, they validate hate speech towards LGBTIQ+ people. Understanding the attitudes towards the visibility of LGBTIQ+ people would be an important component for the design of educational strategies on sexual and gender diversity in social media services (SM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The miniseries When They See Us constitutes an example of how a based-on-real-events fiction work can add to its poetic role the ability to participate in shaping democracy. Although journalism is not its central issue, this Netflix series makes a representation of the press in which it shows how the media failed in fulfilling its democratic role and tries to make amends for it. By analyzing 21 scenes dedicated to the media from a narrative perspective, this paper shows how the series represents the press' failure in acting as watchdog during this case. Moreover, it also shows how this representation of the press turns the series into a watchdog itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The First Amendment's press clause has long played second fiddle to the speech clause. With the professional press in steep economic decline, it may be time to consider freedom of speech and freedom of the press separately, in order to shore up journalism's distinctive, and imperiled, role in a healthy democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the Republic of Turkey leaves a century behind, it is important to remember the National Struggle, which was the most important step in the establishment of the Republic, and the names supported the struggle in various fields. In this context, the press constitutes one of the branches of the National Struggle period. However it is not possible to compare the technology of a century ago with today's technological possibilities in terms of news production, transmission and distribution. For this reason the press activities carried out in 1919, especially in the occupied territories are very important. The study which aims to remind us of these activities on the centennial of the Republic, covers the period between 1919, the beginning of the National Struggle and October 29, 1923, when the Republic was proclaimed. In this study, in which Tasvir-i Efkar, Vakit, İkdam, İleri, Akşam, İfham and Yenigün newspapers and their pro-National Struggle attitudes are compiled from various sources, the Istanbul press that supported the struggle is described. The study concludes that the relevant press organs operating under censorship and occupation conditions exhibited a pro-National Struggle and pro-Mustafa Kemal Paşa attitude despite the difficult conditions they were in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section offers news briefs from the National Environmental Health Association (NEHA) as of July 2024. A toolkit for Body Art Model Code adoption for jurisdictions has been developed. A Disaster Readiness Simulator is under development to enable organizations to test and understand emergency response capabilities and human resource capacities. The 17th International Federation of Environmental Health World Congress was held in Perth, Western Australia.

Researchers and practitioners have unanimously acknowledged the impact of legacy media coverage of past pandemics as well as COVID-19 and its importance for health-related risk communication. Therefore, this study provides scholars and health communication practitioners with a deeper understanding of the patterns, main themes, and limitations of media reporting and peer-reviewed research in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in different national media environments. Because the objective is to evaluate patterns, this paper focuses on early quantitative and automated content analyses for theoretical contribution, geographic diversity, methodological rigor, and inclusion of risk and crisis communication theory. It also assesses whether authors deduced implications, for both theory and practice of health-related risk and crisis communication. We conducted a content analysis of 66 studies in peer-reviewed journals from the beginning of the pandemic until April 2022. The findings demonstrate that early quantitative analyses of the news coverage of COVID-19 are often not theory-driven, apply heterogeneous forms of framing analysis, and lack references to risk and crisis communication theory. Consequently, only few implications for health communication practice during pandemics were drawn. However, there is evidence of improvement in geographic scope compared to previous research. The discussion addresses the importance of developing a consistent approach to framing analyses of risk and crisis media coverage and the importance of well-designed cross-cultural research in a global pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses a series of articles published in Portuguese and Indian newspapers concerning the business trips of Portuguese Prime Minister António Costa to India in January 2017 and December 2019. It aims to scrutinise how, on the one hand, India and his Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, are presented in the Portuguese press and, on the other, how Portugal and António Costa are portrayed in the Indian press. What are the media frameworks and the language used by political actors and journalists during these trips? What are the affinities and the contrasts in the texts which circulate in the printed press in the colonial and in post-colonial periods? Does the coverage in the Portuguese and Indian presses at the beginning of the 21st century give us any indication of some post-colonial resentment in the current relations between India and Portugal? Or are commercial and technological interests overshadowing this past of Portuguese imperial rule in the Indian subcontinent? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into populist communication based on the analysis that Vox's -- a radical right political party -- uses the press in its official X (Twitter) account. This is an exploratory work on how this political party uses the press to develop its postulates, based on quantitative content analysis. We analyzed messages that include material identified as proceeding from journalistic media and do not refer exclusively to the actions or members of the party itself. The corpus (n = 100) brought together all entries published between June 11th and July 22, 2022, with these characteristics. Based on Patrick Charaudeau (2021), we studied interpretive frameworks and intertextuality. Results: (a) a high presence of the press identified with a similar ideology; (b) extensive domain of interpretive frameworks that point out conflicts; and (c) tendency to grant the press to reinforce the desired interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]