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Practical implications: The present report documents two successful single appointment regenerative endodontic therapy using desiccant agent Hybenx cleanser in necrotic teeth with incomplete root development and apical lesion. After discussing the possible treatment options, patient's parents approved the regenerative endodontics therapy and provided informed written consent. Keywords: Mineral Trioxide Aggregate; Necrotic immature teeth; Regenerative endodontics; Root canal irrigants EN Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Necrotic immature teeth Regenerative endodontics Root canal irrigants 1870 1875 6 04/29/21 20210401 NES 210401 A case of regenerative endodontics: (a) before treatment; (b) post-treatment Xray; (c) follow-up at 6 months; (d) follow-up at 12 months. [Extracted from the article]

Although some have proposed eliminating the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) to reduce government expenditures, other alternatives exist that could reduce the cost of the program and increase its viability, such as increasing deductibles, which may increase participation and revenue. The​ recently released FIMA NFIP Redacted Policies Data Set provides unprecedented opportunities to examine homeowner deductible choices for flood insurance policies using policy-level data. The menu of deductibles currently ranges from $1,000 to $10,000 in Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs), but until April 1, 2015, the maximum deductible was $5,000. Using a matched sample of 252,280 SFHA policies that were active for the 2013–2019 time period, we provide insight regarding characteristics of homeowners who chose the maximum deductible as well as those who switched from the $5,000 to the new $10,000 deductible. Consistent with nudge theory and stickiness, we show that the majority of the homeowners accept the default deductible option. Individuals in high-income and high-premium areas were more likely to select the maximum dedu​ctible. Level of education and past flood events do not impact whether people decide to select the maximum deductible option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Ability to model the probability of individual house sales would be of benefit in a number of real estate contexts. Existing housing literature models the probability of a house sale using mainly property characteristics or macroeconomic variables. However, the use of only property characteristics typically yields a poor model fit. This study investigates the relative roles of property characteristics, seller mortgage origination variables, and locational factors in terms of explaining the probability of individual house sales. Homeowner information such as their time horizon of staying in the house and their stage in the life cycle should have an important impact on house sale decisions. Although obtaining such information is typically difficult, mortgage choices made at loan origination may help reveal such information. In addition, the measurable characteristics of neighbors and the geographic clustering of house sales, ceteris paribus , may aid in modeling house sales. Incorporating the property characteristics, mortgage origination variables, and locational factors increases the pseudo- R 2 of a probit model from under 1 percent when only using property characteristics to over 23 percent when using property, mortgage, and spatial information. The results are consistent through a particularly large housing cycle in both Las Vegas County in Nevada and Maricopa County in Arizona from 2006 to 2010, and for a variety of sub samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge of how oxygen atoms are distributed at a magnetic-metal/oxide, or magnetic-metal/non-magnetic-metal interface, can be a useful tool to optimize device production. Multilayered Ni81Fe19/Ta samples consisting of 15 bilayers of 2.5 nm each, grown onto glass substrates by magnetron sputtering from Ni81Fe19 and Ta targets, have been investigated. X-ray absorption near edge structure, extended X-ray absorption fine structure, small angle X-ray diffraction, and simulations were used to characterize the samples. Oxygen atoms incorporated onto Ni81Fe19 films during O2 exposition are mainly bonded to Fe atoms. This partial oxidation of the Ni81Fe19 surface works as a barrier to arriving Ta atoms, preventing intermixing at the Ni81Fe19/Ta interface. The reduction of the Ni81Fe19 surface by the formation of TaOx is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims To investigate whether polycystic ovary syndrome further increases postpartum diabetes risk in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and to explore relationships between polycystic ovary syndrome and incident diabetes in women who do not develop gestational diabetes. Methods This retrospective cohort study (Quebec Physician Services Claims; Hospitalization Discharge Databases; Birth and Death registries) included 34 686 women with gestational diabetes during pregnancy (live birth), matched 1:1 to women without gestational diabetes by age group, year of delivery and health region. Diagnostic codes were used to define polycystic ovary syndrome and incident diabetes. Cox regression models were used to examine associations between polycystic ovary syndrome and incident diabetes. Results Polycystic ovary syndrome was present in 1.5% of women with gestational diabetes and 1.2% of women without gestational diabetes. There were more younger mothers and mothers who were not of white European ancestry among those with polycystic ovary syndrome. Those with polycystic ovary syndrome more often had a comorbidity and a lower proportion had a previous pregnancy. Polycystic ovary syndrome was associated with incident diabetes (hazard ratio 1.52; 95% CI 1.27, 1.82) among women with gestational diabetes. No conclusive associations between polycystic ovary syndrome and diabetes were identified (hazard ratio 0.94; 95% CI 0.39, 2.27) in women without gestational diabetes. Conclusion In women with gestational diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome confers additional risk for incident diabetes postpartum. In women without gestational diabetes, an association between PCOS and incident diabetes was not observed. Given the already elevated risk of diabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes, a history of both polycystic ovary syndrome and gestational diabetes signal a critical need for diabetes surveillance and prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of aluminum nitride thin films onto various substrates (glass, flexible polyimide, or silicon) and onto different buffer layers (Au, Nb, Cu, Ag, Co, Fe, NiFe, or IrMn) is reported. Samples grown on IrMn, Co, NiFe, Nb, or Au show smooth surfaces. This same smooth quality is observed in samples grown at a lower 200 °C temperature directly on glass, Si, or flexible polyimide. In applications where thin and smooth piezoelectric films are necessary, c-axis-oriented AlN can be grown onto a wide range of different surfaces: conducting, insulating, ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, or flexible. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The short sale process has emerged as the most common alternative to the traditional foreclosure process in the recent mortgage crisis. This paper examines the factors that affect the liquidation outcome between these two ways of disposing the housing asset. We find that better quality borrowers such as those with higher credit scores and with full documentation status are more likely to prefer and obtain approval of short sales, involvement of mortgage insurance firms and second lien holders reduces short sales, and that state foreclosure laws such as longer foreclosure delay and the statutory right of redemption reduce short sales. The results have implications for ostensibly borrower-friendly measures promoted by governmental entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context. Pre-hospital administration of hydroxocobalamin (B12a) is used for empiric treatment of cyanide poisoning because cyanide poisoning is difficult to identify and requires immediate treatment. B12a interferes with the accuracy of several blood laboratory tests. This study aimed to explore how B12a affects carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) measurements in human blood at both physiologic and pathologic COHb levels. Methods. Several clinically relevant concentrations of B12a were added to human blood samples containing physiologic (∼ 3%) and pathologic (30% and 50%) COHb levels. We then measured the COHb levels of the samples using two different co-oximeters, the Radiometer ABL 700 and the Rapidpoint 500, and compared to their actual baseline COHb levels. Results. B12a had minimal effects on the COHb measured at both physiologic and pathologic levels when measured on the Radiometer. In contrast, the Rapidpoint B12a caused a dose-dependent decrease in the COHb measured, especially of pathologic COHb levels (∼ 30 and 50%). Conclusion. The magnitude of B12a interference on measured COHb is dependent upon the specific co-oximeter used, the actual COHb level and the serum B12a concentration. These errors may potentially influence clinical decision making and thus affect patient outcomes. Our findings emphasize the importance of measuring COHb levels on blood samples collected prior to B12a administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Istituto Zooprofilattico of Puglia and basilicata is an accredited analytical laboratory for major mycotoxins (Article 12, Ec regulation 882/2004). During 2010, analytical controls for mycotoxins were started on durum and common wheat imported through the Italian sea, Air and Frontier Health Offices of bari and Manfredonia. In the mycotoxins analysis, >80% of the tested samples were contaminated by detectable levels of the mycotoxins, with 5% with an aflatoxin b1 content over the Ec regulations limit, and 1.7% with a deoxynilvalenol content over the Ec regulations limit. these samples were also analysed for quality traits, which showed: 25% of all of the samples had test weights <80 kg; 4.2% had protein content <13%; 40% had gluten index <66; 30% had yellow index b* <24; about 50% had flour strength W between 100 and 200; and almost 40% had a tenacity to extensibility (P/L) ratio >1.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents data from a single laboratory for internal validation of an enzyme-linked immunoassorbent assay (ELISA) for determination of levels of the mycotoxin zearalenone in complementary and complete feedstuff for dairy cattle, calves, sheep and goats. the study was carried out at the request of European commission (EC) recommendation 576/2006/EC, in agreement with EC Decision 2002/657/EC on the implementation of EC Directive 96/23/EC and concerning the performance of analytical methods and interpretation of results. this screening detection method has useful advantages: it can analyse large numbers of samples in a relatively short time, with a small quantity of sample required; it is sufficiently robust, reliable and rugged to be statistically sound; and it generates few suspected false negatives (<5%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermodynamic constraints for the operation of the water oxidizing Mn[sub 4]/Ca cluster within Photosystem II (PS II) are discussed. These are then examined in the light of the known redox chemistry of hydrated Mn-oxo systems and relevant model compounds. It is shown that the latest high resolution crystal structure of cyanobacterial PS II suggests an organization of the mono Ca tetranuclear Mn cluster that naturally accommodates the stringent requirements for successive redox potential constancy, with increasing total oxidation state, which the enzyme function imposes. This involves one region of the Mn[sub 4]/Ca cluster being dominantly involved with substrate water binding, while a separate, single Mn is principally responsible for the redox accumulation function. Recent high level computational chemical investigations by the authors' strongly support this, with a computed pattern of Mn oxidation states throughout the catalytic cycle being completely consistent with this interpretation. Strategies to design synthetic, biomimetic constructs utilizing this approach for efficient electrolytic generation of hydrogen fuel within artificial photosynthesis are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The single spatial parameter in the spatial autoregressive model affects both the estimation of spillovers and the estimation of spatial disturbances. Consequently, the spatial autoregressive model has the undesirable property that if the degree of spatial dependence in the disturbances differs from that in the spillovers, neither may be estimated correctly. We show theoretically that the dependence structure for the spillovers and disturbances can differ and conduct a Monte Carlo experiment that verifies these findings. In contrast, estimates from a simple separable model show little bias in all the scenarios. We also show differences between the spatial autoregressive model and the separable model on five empirical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The works of Cliff and Ord have had a major impact on empirical practices in real estate. Cliff and Ord proposed both techniques for detecting as well as modeling spatial dependence. Because the existence of spatial dependence is almost assured in real estate data, their most important contribution was feasible means of estimating spatial models. The full implications of these ideas and the numerous modeling techniques spawned by their seminal works have not been fully explored and provide numerous opportunities for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Likelihood-based methods for modeling multivariate Gaussian spatial data have desirable statistical characteristics, but the practicality of these methods for massive georeferenced data sets is often questioned. A sampling algorithm is proposed that exploits a relationship involving log-pivots arising from matrix decompositions used to compute the log determinant term that appears in the model likelihood. We demonstrate that the method can be used to successfully estimate log-determinants for large numbers of observations. Specifically, we produce an log-determinant estimate for a 3,954,400 by 3,954,400 matrix in less than two minutes on a desktop computer. The proposed method involves computations that are independent, making it amenable to out-of-core computation as well as to coarse-grained parallel or distributed processing. The proposed technique yields an estimated log-determinant and associated confidence interval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Standard spatial autoregressive models rely on spatial weight structures constructed to model dependence among n regions. Ways of parsimoniously modeling the connectivity among the sample of origin-destination (OD) pairs that arise in a closed system of interregional flows has remained a stumbling block. We overcome this problem by proposing spatial weight structures that model dependence among the N OD pairs in a fashion consistent with standard spatial autoregressive models. This results in a family of spatial OD models introduced here that represent an extension of the spatial regression models described in Anselin (1988) . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To present a clinical case of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) simulating a lateral periodontal cyst. A 39-year-old female complaining of swelling and pain in the left mandibular premolar area was found to have a radiolucent lesion between teeth 34 and 35 (FDI). Both teeth had incomplete root fillings, and orthograde re-treatment of both premolars was performed. At 2-year follow-up, radiographic examination showed an increase in the radiolucent defect with respect to the previous examination. A surgical treatment of tooth 34 was then performed, with histological examination of the lesion. Histological features were consistent with an OKC, and the lesion was successfully treated by complete enucleation and application of Carnoy’s solution. At 2-year follow-up, no clinical signs or symptoms were found and the radiolucent area had disappeared. Key learning points • Odontogenic keratocysts may mimic endodontic lesions. • Clinicians should carefully review their cases and consider surgical intervention with biopsy in cases that do not heal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To describe the management of external invasive resorption using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). External invasive root resorption may occur as a consequence of trauma, orthodontic treatment, intracoronal bleaching and surgical procedures, and may lead to the progressive and destructive loss of tooth structure. Depending on the extent of the resorptive process, different treatment regimens have been proposed. A 19-year-old male patient presented with tooth 11 (FDI) showing signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis, external invasive resorption and periodontal pocket on the disto-palatal. After root canal treatment, the defect was accessed coronally. The resorption area was chemo-mechanically debrided using ultrasonic tips and irrigant solution. MTA was used to fill the resorptive defect, and the coronal access was temporarily sealed. The definitive coronal restoration was performed after 3 days. Radiographs at 1, 2 and 4 years showed adequate repair of the resorption and endodontic success. Clinically, the tooth was asymptomatic, and no periodontal pocket was found. Key learning points •Mineral trioxide aggregate was successfully used to restore a small area of external invasive resorption. •A coronal approach can sometimes be successfully used in order to avoid surgery and periodontal complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To examine the clinical and radiographic appearance of teeth that suffered premature interruption of root development and were treated by an mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apical plug technique. Eleven teeth with immature root apices in 11 patients were treated nonsurgically by the manual application of MTA in the apical portion of the root canal under microscopic vision. Follow-up evaluations were performed at 1–2 years after treatment. Key learning points •Mineral trioxide aggregate appears to be a valid material to obtain periradicular healing in teeth with open apices and necrotic pulps. •Ten out of 11 cases were associated with periradicular health at follow-up evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracts from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba are among the most widely used phytotherapeutics. Some alkylphenols (ginkgolic acids, cardanols and cardols) have been described as potentially hazardous constituents in Ginkgo extracts. Accordingly, a requirement for a maximum concentration of ginkgolic acids has been proposed in the UE and US pharmacopoeias Ginkgo monographs establishing a limit value of 5 ppm. A novel HPLC-UV method, developed by the use of HPLC-APCI-MS HPLC-DAD techniques and allowing the identification of ginkgolic acids and related phenols, is described. The new analytical method, not requiring enrichment procedures, can be used for the quantification of ginkgolic acids in Ginkgo extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracts from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba are among the most widely used phytotherapeutics. Some alkylphenols (ginkgolic acids, cardanols and cardols) have been described as potentially hazardous constituents in Ginkgo extracts. Accordingly, a requirement for a maximum concentration of ginkgolic acids has been proposed in the UE and US pharmacopoeias Ginkgo monographs establishing a limit value of 5 ppm. A novel HPLC-UV method, developed by the use of HPLC-APCI-MS HPLC-DAD techniques and allowing the identification of ginkgolic acids and related phenols, is described. The new analytical method, not requiring enrichment procedures, can be used for the quantification of ginkgolic acids in Ginkgo extracts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Many users estimate spatial autoregressions to perform inference on regression parameters. However, as the sample size or the number of potential models rise, computational exigencies make exact computation of likelihood-based inferences tedious or even impossible. To address this problem, we introduce a lower bound on the likelihood ratio test that can allow users to conduct conservative maximum likelihood inference while avoiding the computationally demanding task of computing exact maximum likelihood point estimates. This form of inference, known as likelihood dominance, performs almost as well as exact likelihood inference for the empirical examples examined. We illustrate the utility of the technique by performing likelihood-based inference on parameters from a spatial autoregression involving 890,091 observations in less than a minute (given the spatial weight matrix). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-operative stent insertion is a well-accepted means of palliating malignant biliary obstruction. The endoscopic approach is often considered the procedure of choice, with the percutaneous technique reserved for endoscopy failures. We recently encountered a patient in whom both techniques proved unsuccessful initially, and in whom palliation was finally achieved by means of a combined endoscopic and percutaneous transhepatic procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses how general semantics formulation, variously called allness or all-inclusive conceptualization, provides a theoretical perspective from which to approach the issue of how individuals react to unhappy events. Generation of allness reactions to unhappy events; Five feelings which a failing individual goes through: shock, fear anger/blame, shame and despair; Three dimensions unhappy events that happen to people: locality, stability and globality; More.

Investigates the synthesis of a series of unsaturated alpha-amino alcohols via the allylboration of the corresponding N-protected alpha-amino ketones. Stereoselective nature of reactions; Effect of the electronic nature of the N-protecting group and reaction temperature; Dependence of stereoselectivity on the steric requirements of the N-protecting group and the solvent system.

Introduces a series of articles about spatial econometrics and statistics which appeared in the April 2004 issue of the journal "Geographical Analysis." Simulation experiments on spatial relations; Methodological approach to accommodate dating spatial effects used in econometrics literature; Analysis of the diffusion of new products or technological innovation in a spatial context.

The destiny of the electric vehicle (EV) marketplace will depend upon the behaviour of potential buyers and on how emerging markets allow EVs to be perceived as a mobility solution to the externalities generated by internal combustion (IC) vehicles. To this end it is important to ascertain the role played by psychological factors, along with instrumental attributes, especially among younger adults (future purchasers) in not yet mature markets. Our paper analyses and models the propensity to purchase an EV with respect to an equivalent IC vehicle. It contributes to the existing literature investigating younger adults' behaviour in an emerging market, focusing on the role of attitudes and perceptions. A stated preferences survey, built on real commercial scenarios (Renault ZOE vs Renault Clio), was designed and disseminated at the University of Cordoba (Argentina). Respondent behaviour was modelled within the random utility paradigm. First, heterogeneity among users was investigated through mixed multinomial logit formulation; The role of psycho-attitudinal factors was then explored through the specification of hybrid choice models with latent variables. Estimation results indicate the significant role of attitudes and perceptions in emerging markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social distancing, a non-pharmaceutical tactic aimed at reducing the spread of COVID-19, can arise because individuals voluntarily distance from others to avoid contracting the disease. Alternatively, it can arise because of jurisdictional restrictions imposed by local authorities. We run reduced form models of social distancing as a function of county-level exogenous demographic variables and jurisdictional fixed effects for 49 states to assess the relative contributions of demographic and jurisdictional effects in explaining social distancing behavior. To allow for possible spatial aspects of a contagious disease, we also model the spillovers associated with demographic variables in surrounding counties as well as allow for disturbances that depend upon those in surrounding counties. We run our models weekly and examine the evolution of the estimated coefficients over time since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. These estimated coefficients express the revealed preferences of individuals who were able to and chose to stay at home to avoid the disease. Stay-at-home behavior measured using cell phone tracking data exhibits considerable cross-sectional variation, increasing over nine-fold from the end of January 2020 to the end of March 2020, and then decreasing by about 50% through mid-June 2020. Our estimation results show that demographic exogenous variables explain substantially more of this variation than predictions from jurisdictional fixed effects. Moreover, the explanations from demographic exogenous variables and jurisdictional fixed effects show an evolving correlation over the sample period, initially partially offsetting, and eventually reinforcing each other. Furthermore, the predicted social distance from demographic exogenous variables shows substantial spatial autoregressive dependence, indicating clustering in social distancing behavior. The increased variance of stay-at-home behavior coupled with the high level of spatial dependence can result in relatively intense hotspots and coldspots of social distance, which has implications for disease spread and mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has become an essential tool to investigate patients with the postcholecystectomy syndrome. A normal cholangiogram usually rules out the presence of biliary tract disease, and further investigations are directed towards other organ systems. We present a case in which a normal ERCP caused a significant delay in reassessing the biliary tree in a patient who eventually presented with choledocholithiasis. A repeat ERCP should be considered in patients with persistent biliary tract pain, even if the initial ERCP shows no abnormality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For understanding the electrical and optical properties of electrodeposited Cl-doped Cu2O thin films, we have studied layers with increasing thickness and Cl concentrations of 0.8 and 1.2 at. %. The deposits were characterized by measuring the charge transport, the optical reflectance, and the photoluminescence. No significant decrease of electrical resistivity was observed in doped samples compared to undoped ones. A decrease of about five orders of magnitude was measured and ascribed to the presence of pinholes, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy analyses. From optical measurements, we concluded that the Cl atoms are incorporated into substitutional sites of Cu2O lattices in agreement with photoluminescence results showing a strong reduction in the peak intensity of VO+2 defects in comparison to undoped layers. Computational calculation using density functional theory has pointed out high formation energy for single Cl related defects, but low formation energy for Cl-defect complexes, such as ClO + VCu, that strongly compensate the carriers generated by the Cl doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gd-Co/Ti multilayers were prepared by magnetron sputtering deposition onto glass substrates. The temperature dependence of magnetization of the multilayered structures depends on the Gd-Co layer thickness. It was shown that the obtained experimental results can be satisfactorily described in the framework of the joint application of models of the “size factor” and the “molecular field”. In addition, the possible effect of the electronic structure of titanium on the average magnetic moment of Co atoms, the efficiency of which depends on the thickness of the magnetic layers was also taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]