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The vast number of element combinations and the explosive growth of composition space pose significant challenges to the development of high‐entropy alloys (HEAs). Here, we propose a procedural research method aimed at accelerating the discovery of efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) based on Pt‐based quinary HEAs. The method begins with an element library provided by a large language model (LLM), combined with microscale precursor printing and pulse high‐temperature synthesis techniques to prepare multi‐element combination HEA array in one step. Through high‐throughput measurement using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM), precise identification of highly active HEA element combinations and exploration of composition space for a specific combination are achieved. Advantageous element combinations are further validated in practical electrocatalytic evaluations. The contributions of individual element sites and the synergistic effects among elements of such HEAs in enhancing reaction activity are elucidated via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This method integrates high‐throughput experiments, practical catalyst validation, and DFT calculations, providing a new pathway for accelerating the discovery of efficient multi‐element materials in the field of energy catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vast number of element combinations and the explosive growth of composition space pose significant challenges to the development of high‐entropy alloys (HEAs). Here, we propose a procedural research method aimed at accelerating the discovery of efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) based on Pt‐based quinary HEAs. The method begins with an element library provided by a large language model (LLM), combined with microscale precursor printing and pulse high‐temperature synthesis techniques to prepare multi‐element combination HEA array in one step. Through high‐throughput measurement using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM), precise identification of highly active HEA element combinations and exploration of composition space for a specific combination are achieved. Advantageous element combinations are further validated in practical electrocatalytic evaluations. The contributions of individual element sites and the synergistic effects among elements of such HEAs in enhancing reaction activity are elucidated via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This method integrates high‐throughput experiments, practical catalyst validation, and DFT calculations, providing a new pathway for accelerating the discovery of efficient multi‐element materials in the field of energy catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Long sleep duration is a common sleep disorder among elderly people. Dependency increases with increasing age. This study aimed to assess the association between dependency and long sleep duration among elderly people. Methods: This study is a population‐based cross‐sectional study. A total of 1152 participants aged ≥ 60 years were selected from 26 locations in China by a complex multistage sampling design. Data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews. Sleep duration was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Dependency was assessed using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory‐II. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the efficacy of sleep‐related factors and psychological factors for sleep duration. Analysis of covariance and logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the association between the dependency score and sleep duration, and the strength of dependency effect on sleep duration. Results: A total of 1120 participants were valid for the analysis. Among them, 15.8% of participants had a dependency score ≥60 points. The results of hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis showed that sleep duration was positively associated with dependency scores. Analysis of covariance indicated a J‐shaped association between dependency scores and sleep duration. The results of logistic regression analysis showed dependency was significantly associated with long sleep duration, and the odds ratio was 3.52 (95% CI, 1.87–6.63; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Dependency was significantly associated with long sleep duration among elderly people. The results suggested that dependent intervention may be a strategy that needs urgent implementation to reduce long sleep duration among elderly people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practical application of lithium (Li) metal battery is impeded by the Li dendrite growth and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. Herein, an ultra‐stretchable and ionic conducting chemically crosslinked pressure‐sensitive adhesive (cPSA) synthesized via the copolymerization of 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate and acrylic acid with poly(ethyleneglycol)dimethacrylate as crosslinker (short for 70cPSA), is developed as both artificial SEI layer and solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) for stable Li‐metal electrode, enabling all‐solid‐state Li metal batteries with excellent cycling performance. As an artificial SEI layer, the 70cPSA‐modified electrodes exhibit excellent electrochemical performance in Li|70cPSA@Cu half cells and 70cPSA@Li|70cPSA@Li symmetric cells. In full cells with LiFePO4 (LFP) as cathode, the 70cPSA@Li|LFP cell exhibits stable cycling performance over 250 cycles. Utilized as SPE, the all‐solid‐state Li|SPE|LFP cell delivers excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 86% over 500 cycles. With high‐voltage LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) as cathode, the Li|SPE|NMC811 cell exhibits a discharge capacity of 124.3 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 71% after 200 cycles. The rational design of PSAs and investigation of their dual role for stable and safe Li‐metal batteries may shed a light on adhesive polymers for battery applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon (Si) is a promising candidate for high‐capacity anode materials owing to its high theoretical capacity (3579 mAh g−1), low working voltage, and wide natural abundance, although its huge volume variation during charge/discharge processes always results in a short cycling life. Polymer binders play a vital role in improving the cycling performance of Si‐based anodes, although traditional polyvinylidene difluoride cannot fulfil the requirements owing to its weak van der Waals forces with the Si surface. Recently, polymer binders constructed by dynamic bonds have been developed, which are reported to allow high‐energy‐density electrodes with improved electrochemical performance. With dynamic bonds including hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, and host–guest interactions, these polymer binders possess self‐healing capabilities and enhanced mechanical performance, achieving a tremendous advance in addressing the capacity fading of Si‐based anodes. In this review, we will summarize the research progress of polymer binders constructed with dynamic bonds, and the challenges for their real applications in advanced Li‐ion batteries will also be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban regeneration has become a popular programme for revitalising decaying urban neighbourhoods. While research on urban regeneration abounds, little is known about its association with place attachment in a developing country context. This paper examines the lived experiences of urban regeneration and place attachment in Zhuanghe, a neighbourhood undergoing government-led regeneration in China. Using a case study approach, involving in-depth interviews, this paper addresses two key research questions: (i) how do residents develop place attachment in Zhuanghe? and (ii) What are the effects of urban regeneration on the three-dimensional attachments at the pre-relocation stage? Findings indicate that residents' feelings mostly expressed ambivalence. While residents have a strong place attachment to their community, they still have intentions to move out to make way for the regeneration programme, and fear losing their social networks and ties. This article advocates for an alternative approach to improving living conditions of residents. With in-situ relocation or relocating residents to a nearby neighbourhood, urban regeneration may reduce the disruptive impacts of the massive, monetised resettlement approach on residents' place attachment. • This paper examines the lived experiences of urban regeneration and place attachment in Zhuanghe. • It examines how do residents develop place attachment in Zhuanghe. • It analyses the effects of urban regeneration on place attachment. • Findings show both place attachment and ambivalence attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although ileal faecal diversion is commonly used in clinical settings, complications accompany it. Elucidating the intestinal changes caused by ileal faecal diversion will help resolve postoperative complications and elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of associated intestinal disorders, such as Crohn's disease (CD). Therefore, our study aimed to provide new insights into the effects of ileal faecal diversion on the intestine and the potential mechanisms. Methods: Single‐cell RNA sequencing was performed on proximal functional and paired distal defunctioned intestinal mucosae from three patients with ileal faecal diversion. We also performed in vitro cellular and animal experiments, tissue staining and analysed public datasets to validate our findings. Results: We found that the epithelium in the defunctioned intestine tended to be immature, with defective mechanical and mucous barriers. However, the innate immune barrier in the defunctioned intestine was enhanced. Focusing on the changes in goblet cells, we demonstrated that mechanical stimulation promotes the differentiation and maturation of goblet cells through the TRPA1‐ERK pathway, indicating that the absence of mechanical stimulation may be the main cause of defects in the goblet cells of the defunctioned intestine. Furthermore, we found obvious fibrosis with a pro‐fibrotic microenvironment in the defunctioned intestine and identified that monocytes may be important targets for faecal diversion to alleviate CD. Conclusions: This study revealed the different transcription landscapes of various cell subsets and the potential underlying mechanisms within the defunctioned intestine, when compared to the functional intestine, based on the background of ileal faecal diversion. These findings provide novel insights for understanding the physiological and pathological roles of the faecal stream in the intestine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interface engineering has led to significant progress in solution-processed CdTe nanocrystal (NC) solar cells in recent years. High performance solar cells can be fabricated by introducing a hole transfer layer (HTL) between CdTe and a back contact electrode to reduce carrier recombination by forming interfacial dipole effect at the interface. Here, we report the usage of a commercial product 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro) as a hole transfer layer to facilitate the hole collecting for CdTe nanocrystal solar cells. It is found that heat treatment on the hole transfer layer has significant influence on the NC solar cells performance. The Jsc, Voc, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of NC solar cells are simultaneously increased due to the decreased contact resistance and enhanced built-in electric field. We demonstrate solar cells that achieve a high PCE of 8.34% for solution-processed CdTe NC solar cells with an inverted structure by further optimizing the HTL annealing temperature, which is among the highest value in CdTe NC solar cells with the inverted structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unprecedented development of all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) is hindered by their low short‐circuit current density (Jsc), mainly due to the absence of near‐infrared (NIR) polymer acceptor materials. To tackle this challenge, a molecular design principle is proposed, which involves the regulation of steric hindrance on the fused‐ring backbone to obtain NIR polymer acceptors. Accordingly, three acceptors named PTz‐Ph, PTz‐Me, and PTz‐H are synthesized by substituting the Phenyl, Methyl, and Hydrogen in the beta position of the thiophene unit based on fused‐ring molecules. Different from the necessity of steric hindrance of small molecule acceptors in achieving an outstanding performance, polymer acceptor PTz‐H without steric hindrance‐substitution achieves a record‐high efficiency for the benzotriazole‐based all‐PSCs. Then, introducing PTz‐H into the binary PBDB‐T:PTz‐BO system, the ternary all‐PSC exhibits a splendid efficiency of 18.16%, which has surpassed the efficiencies of most benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole‐based counterparts. In addition, an organic tandem solar cell is successfully fabricated, which exhibits a high efficiency of 17.49%. This work provides an effective and readily accessible design strategy for designing high‐performance NIR polymer acceptors, showing the great potential for future organic photovoltaic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the association between dependency and cognitive function among older adults. A combined cross-sectional and longitudinal study was conducted in 26 locations in China. A total of 1160 participants aged ≥ 60 years were selected using a complex multistage sampling design, and 152 participants completed data collection after one year follow-up observation. A questionnaire was administered by face-to-face interviews. Dependency was measured using the standardized Chinese version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-II. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between dependency and cognitive function. Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to identify causality between cognition function and dependency. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the orientation and outdoor instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) domains were significantly associated with dependency, with odds ratios of 1.45 (95% CI, 1.26–1.67; p < 0.001) and 1.16 (95% CI, 1.06–1.26; p < 0.001), respectively. In the Cox proportional hazards analysis, the DASC-21 score was significantly associated with dependency, with hazard ratio of 1.32 (95% CI, 1.03–1.69). The causality between cognition impairment and dependency was identified, and the orientation and outdoor IADL domains were significantly associated with dependency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The objective of this study was to verify the reliability and validity of the Dementia Assessment Sheet for Community‐based Integrated Care System 21 items (DASC‐21) among Chinese community‐dwelling older adults, and to explore the related factors for dementia screening. Methods: The study adopted a cross‐sectional design, and a total of 1152 participants aged ≥60 years were recruited from 26 locations in China. All data were collected using questionnaires through face‐to‐face interviews. The logistic regression model was used to evaluate the effect factors of DASC‐21 for dementia screening. The receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the optimal cut‐off points and the accuracy of the DASC‐21 for dementia and mild cognitive impairment screening. Results: For test–retest reliability, the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.873 (P < 0.001). In the criterion‐related validity, the DASC‐21 scores were significantly and negatively correlated with the Mini‐Mental State Examination (r = −0.663, P < 0.001) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (r = −0.565, P < 0.001) scores. The results of the receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that there were different optimal cut‐off values for different age groups. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 95.6% and 90.3% for dementia and mild cognitive impairment screening using DASC‐21 after considering related effect factors. Conclusions: The DASC‐21 was confirmed to be a valid and reliable instrument for dementia screening among Chinese community‐dwelling older adults. Our results suggested that the age, education level and 2‐week prevalence were important effect factors for dementia screening using the DASC‐21. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 705–711. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights from the article: Frontispiece: Polymer Binders Constructed through Dynamic Noncovalent Bonds for High-Capacity Silicon-Based Anodes Keywords: dynamic bonds; hydrogen bonding; ionic bonding; polymer binders; supramolecular chemistry Hydrogen bonding, supramolecular chemistry, ionic bonding, polymer binders, dynamic bonds.

In this paper, a Mg-doped ZnO (MZO) thin film is prepared by a simple solution process under ambient conditions and is used as the window layer for PbS solar cells due to a wide n-type bandgap. Moreover, a thin layer of ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) was deposited on the MZO to reduce carrier recombination at the interface for inverted PbS quantum dot solar cells with the configuration Indium Tin Oxides (ITO)/MZO/ZnO NC (w/o)/PbS/Au. The effect of film thickness and annealing temperature of MZO and ZnO NC on the performance of PbS quantum dot solar cells was investigated in detail. It was found that without the ZnO NC thin layer, the highest power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 5.52% was obtained in the case of a device with an MZO thickness of 50 nm. When a thin layer of ZnO NC was introduced between MZO and PbS quantum dot film, the PCE of the champion device was greatly improved to 7.06% due to the decreased interface recombination. The usage of the MZO buffer layer along with the ZnO NC interface passivation technique is expected to further improve the performance of quantum dot solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the highest specific capacity anode materials in lithium-ion batteries, the main technical issue for silicon (Si) based electrodes is the rapid capacity fading caused by the huge volume changes. Porous Si materials are reported to efficiently alleviate the side effects of volume fluctuation. However, the expensive precursor and complicated production process in previous reports limited their practical applications. Herein, we report a cost-efficient approach on the fabrication of porous Si via the low temperature aluminothermic reduction of low cost natural raw materials, combining the advantages of low temperature and natural materials. The porous structure of attapulgite-derived Si (Si ATP) is well retained during the compositing process. The obtained composite electrode Si ATP /graphite@carbon (Si ATP /G@C) exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, with a reversible discharge capacity of 799 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. To demonstrate the versatility of the approach, another natural ore, mica (MIC), was also utilized to the fabrication of porous Si (Si MIC). As expected, the Si MIC /graphite@carbon composite electrode also exhibits high specific capacity (697 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles), superior capacity retention (81% after 100 cycles based the 4th cycle), and outstanding rate capability. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sn/P@G-CNTs composite is synthesized by a rational high-energy ball milling method. • Sn and P particles are homogeneously dispersed within the G-CNTs matrix. • G-CNTs matrix can accommodate the large volume expansion during cycling. • Sn/P@G-CNTs exhibits more excellent electrochemical performance than Sn/P@G and Sn/P@CNTs counterparts. Tin/phosphide (Sn/P) based alloys have been regarded as one of the promising anodes for advanced sodium-ion batteries due to their advantages of low-cost and proper redox potentials to Na/Na+. However, because of the serious volume expansion in the Na storage process, Sn/P-based materials generally suffer from rapid capacity decay during the cycle. Herein, a novel tin/phosphorus@graphite-carbon nanotubes (Sn/P@G-CNTs) composite was synthesized via a rational high-energy ball milling (HEBM) method. SEM and TEM results reveal that the separated Sn/P species are homogeneously dispersed in the G-CNTs matrix, which can accommodate large volume expansion and generate good electrical contact during cycle. As a result, the fabricated Sn/P@G-CNTs electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity (1048 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1) with an initial Coulombic efficiency of 79.84% and good rate capability, better than those of Sn/P@G and Sn/P@CNTs counterparts. The design strategy and synthesis method of Sn/P@G-CNTs can provide an insight on constructing cost-effective sodium-ion batteries. A novel tin/phosphorus@graphite-carbon nanotubes (Sn/P@G-CNTs) composite was synthesized via a rational high-energy ball milling method. When employed as anode material for sodium-ion batteries, the Sn/P@G-CNTs electrode exhibits a better electrochemical performance than Sn/P@G and Sn/P@CNTs counterparts due to the reduced volume expansion by the G-CNTs matrix. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]