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Personalized healthcare management is an emerging field that requires the development of environment‐friendly, integrated, and electrochemical multimodal devices. In this study, the concept of integrated paper‐based biosensors (IFP−Multi) for personalized healthcare management is introduced. By leveraging ink printing technology and a ChatGPT–bioelectronic interface, these biosensors offer ultrahigh areal‐specific capacitance (74633 mF cm−2), excellent mechanical properties, and multifunctional sensing and humidity power generation capabilities. More importantly, the IFP−Multi devices have the potential to simulate deaf‐mute vocalization and can be integrated into wearable sensors to detect muscle contractions and bending motions. Moreover, they also enable monitoring of physiological signals from various body parts, such as the throat, nape, elbow, wrist, and knee, and successfully record sharp and repeatable signals generated by muscle contractions. In addition, the IFP−Multi devices demonstrate self‐powered handwriting sensing and moisture power generation for sweat‐sensing applications. As a proof‐of‐concept, a GPT 3.5 model‐based fine‐tuning and prediction pipeline that utilizes recorded physiological signals through IFP−Multi is showcased, enabling artificial intelligence with multimodal sensing capabilities for personalized healthcare management. This work presents a promising and ecofriendly approach to developing paper‐based electrochemical multimodal devices, paving the way for a new era of healthcare advancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral cancer is a severe hazard across the world due to its poor overall survival and potential to metastasize to different sites of the body. Despite recent advances in diagnostics, detecting Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) remains difficult. Conventional clinical diagnostics with assisted vital staging and optical approaches like velscope to identify OPMDs are both complex and ineffective. Rapid, easier, non-invasive and non-expensive methods with high sensitivity and specificity for precise diagnosis of OPMDs and Oral Cancer is the need of the hour to improve patient survival. Exosomes has recently become an appealing cancer biomarker in non-invasive early detection. Exosomes have unique physiology and pathology characteristics that reflect the cancer microenvironment and play a critical role in the incidence and development of cancer. Paper based biosensors have generated a lot of interest because of their excellent qualities like reduced technique sensitivity and real time output implying prospective role in cancer detection. In this review, we discuss in detail about paper based biosensor tools for early detection of various biomarkers, especially molecular identification and exosomes in oral cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to further meet the requirements of testing applications in various fields, a simple, rapid, and low‐cost testing method is demanded for on‐site testing. Electrochemical paper‐based analytical devices (ePADs) have attracted wide attention in many practical applications due to their excellent performance. ePADs combine the benefits of easy‐to‐use, low‐cost, electrochemical sensitivity and selective detection, as well as the advanced nature of pumpless equipment. In this paper, the latest development and new trend of ePADs are reviewed. First, several preparation methods of ePADs are introduced. We then reviewed examples of their use in various fields, particularly in point‐of‐care testing. Finally, the research of ePADs is summarized and prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analytical strategies to ensure the quality and safety of food products without the need for skilled personnel are highly required. The simplicity of glucose strips for diabetes monitoring should be translated to the agri-food sector, ensuring easy evaluation of certain molecules and/or the freshness of a beverage/foodstuff. In addition to the well-known advantages that are characteristic of electroanalytical methods over other methods, paper-based materials are being used to further reduce the gap between complex laboratory testing and simple point-of-need testing. This article highlights some of the most recent advances in the development of paper-based electrochemical approaches for food surveillance, specifically focusing on the use of novel paper-based materials. Two examples are discussed: the development of a miniaturized biosensor realized on copy paper for the quantification of ethanol in commercial beers, and the measurement of ascorbic acid in food supplements within printed electronics supports. Paper-based materials have the potential to lower economic costs, simplify the operative tasks, and most importantly reduce waste generation. The continued combination of manufacturing methods and functional (smart) materials will facilitate the implementation of food analysis at the point of need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Rapid and sensitive detection of live bacteria is crucial in the realm of clinical diagnosis, food industry and environmental quality control. A portable, feasible and cost-effective platform which enables rapid and accurate live bacteria detection is still challenging. Herein, we present a Bacterial Inhibition of GOX-catalyzed Reaction (BIGR) method for rapid and broad-spectrum detection of live bacteria, which results in a visible color change without any complex instrumentations. We validated this strategy with five common clinical bacteria, namely Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and Salmonella pullorum. This method precludes the interference of dead bacteria. Only several microliters of samples and reagents are required in this assay and the overall analysis time is less than 20 min. In a further demonstration, the presented method is successfully applied for detection of ascites samples from infected mice. Our results suggest that this method serves as a rapid and dose-dependent visual detection of pathogens in the clinical and daily life. Graphical abstract fx1 Highlights • A paper-based colorimetric assay is designed for rapid detection of live bacteria at 104 CFU/mL within 20 min. • This method only needs 3 microliters of samples for analysis. • No costly instrument or any complicated nanomaterial synthesis is required. • The successful detection of bacteria in mice ascites indicates the promising potential in clinical diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Citrate is currently considered a preferred biomarker for the early stage detection of prostate cancer. In the present work, based on the highly efficient catalytic properties of gold nanoclusters, a novel system for optical determination of citrate was successfully established under optimized conditions. Cysteine-capped gold nanoclusters (Cys-AuNCs) are shown to have an intrinsic peroxidase-mimetic activity. In the presence of H 2 O 2, Cys-AuNCs nanostructures are able to catalyse the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) with high efficiency to produce a blue dye (with an absorbance maximum at 650 nm). Citrate has carboxylic and hydroxyl groups that can bind with free amino and free carboxyl cysteine groups via hydrogen bonds, thus creating a coating on the surface of the gold nanocluster and inhibiting the cluster oxidation activity. Accordingly, a visual, sensitive and simple colorimetric method using Cys-AuNCs as peroxidase mimetic was developed for detecting citrate. A suitable linear relationship for citrate was obtained for the range of 0.5 to 1000 μM. The limit of detection (LOD) of the proposed method was calculated as 0.1 μM and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was obtained to be less than 4.0%. Moreover, the biosensor was used to perform a paper assay on a Y-shaped microfluidic device and make use of the distinctive features of microchannels such as short response time, very low reagent volume required, low fabrication cost etc. A detection limit of 0.4 μM was achieved through the paper test and a good linear range was observed between 1.0 μM–10 mM. The proposed method was further applied to citrate detection in the human urine sample. Graphical Abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • The first approach for colorimetric detection of citrate as biomarker was investigated. • The method was used to perform a paper assay on a Y-shaped microfluidic device. • A detection limit of 0.4 µM was achieved through the paper test • The assay was applied to citrate detection in the human urine sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercapacitors have drawn numerous attentions in recent years since they can deliver relatively high power and energy densities. This article introduces an all-printed paper based surface mountable supercapacitor (SMS), which could withstand the reflow soldering process when integrated into microelectronic systems. The device was fabricated by screen printing and stencil printing processes, contributing to low cost and large-scale fabrication. Furthermore, building electronic devices on ubiquitous paper substrates had advantages of light weight, low cost, and eco-friendliness, etc. Based on activated carbon electrode material and ionic liquid electrolyte, the capacity of the supercapacitor could reach 14 mF at the device volume of 3.2 mm ? 2.5 mm ? 0.175 mm, besides, the specific volumetric capacity was superior than most of the commercial SMS devices. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We present a simple, sensitive, and specific colorimetric using the peroxidase properties method based on Pt doped WO 3 nanosheets to detect the cysteine. Pt@WO 3 NSs were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) methods. The response surface methodology (RSM) method based on the central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize test parameters such as pH, nanosheet concentration, and temperature. When cysteine is present in the environment due to its competition with 3,3′, 5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the use of hydrogen peroxide, the blue discoloration is reduced compared to the absence of cysteine and leads to its detection. We have favorably created a peculiar approach for sensing cysteine based on the colorimetric method in solution and paper with linear range 0.01–15 μM, 0.005–14 μM and R2 = 0.9887 and R2 = 0.9871 respectively. The detection limit for solution-based is 1.2 nM and for paper-based is 1 nM. • Pt@WO3NSs were prepared via simple hydrothermal approach. • The Pt@WO3NSs could able to detect Cys in aqueous sample and paper based. • Pt@WO3NSs displayed high sensitivity and selectivity towards the detection of Cys. • The limit of detection by Pt@WO3NSs were found to be 1.2 nM and 1 nM for solution and paper-based respectively. • This simple strategy exhibited high accuracy for detecting Cys in serum sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormal expression of MicroRNA-21 (miRNA-21) is considered to be a reliable biomarker for the early diagnosis of cancer. In this work, a novel paper based biosensor was fabricated to detect sub-micro molar concentrations of miRNA-21 based on peroxidase mimetic activity of DNA-templated Ag/Pt nanoclusters (DNA-Ag/Pt NCs), which could catalyze the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and 3,3′,5,5′ tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), to produce a blue color. The Mechanism of reaction was based on the inhibition effect of miRNA-21 on peroxidase-like activity of nanosensor which resulted to quantitative determination of miRNA-21 concentration. It was found that miRNA-21 could be linearly detected in the range from 1-700 pM (A 652 = 0.16x-0.96, R2 = 0.99; x = -log [miRNA-21]) with a detection limit of 0.6 pM. Moreover, a paper assay was carried out on a Y-shaped paper-based microfluidic device in order to use the distinctive features of micro-channels such as short response time, very low reagent volume, low fabrication cost, etc. After performing paper based assay, a good linear range was observed between 10-1000 pM (y = 0.06x+147.48, R2 = 0.99; x = [miRNA-21]) with detection limit of 4.1 pM. The practical application of proposed method for detection of miRNA-21 in real sample was assayed in the human urine sample and indicated the colorimetric method had acceptable accuracy. Image 1 • A novel paper-based microfluidic sensor was designed for detection of miRNA-21. • The miRNA-21 detection mechanism is based on peroxidase mimetic activity of DNA-Ag/Pt NCs. • The color change was obvioused in different concentration of miRNA-21. • This strategy shows excellent selectivity toward miR-21. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]