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This paper focuses on the evaluation of scanning devices for in-pile radiation measurement of the shut-down uranium–graphite reactors. The description of several generations of scanning devices is presented cause their design and configuration has been constantly improved in the light of experience and new objectives. Approaches and results of determining the metrological characteristics of γ- and neutron detectors of various types directly in reactor designs in which mixed radiation (α-, β-, γ-, and neutron radiation) prevails are considered. Estimates of the influence of the energy dependence of the sensitivity on the γ-detectors readings of different types, as well as the neutron detectors noise-immunity to γ-radiation, are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of the study was to study the structural and functional state of bone tissue in men with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to assess its relationship with the course of the disease. Material and methods: A study was conducted with the participation of 105 men with AS aged from 22 to 59 years (average age was 40.7 ±0.8 years) with a duration of the disease of 8.7 ±0.5 years and 29 persons of the control group. Disease activity and the degree of functional limitations were determined by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Activity Score correlated with C-reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP) and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI). Laboratory examination included determination of C-reactive protein (CRP). Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and femoral neck was determined by the method of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry on the Hologic Discovery Wi device (S/N 87227). Results: In men with AS, a decrease in BMD (according to the Z-score and T-score) was found in 41.9%, while the percentage of patients with osteoporosis at the level of the femoral neck and lower back was 16.7%. Development of osteoproliferative changes was observed in 42 (40%) patients. Bone mass loss was associated with high activity of the inflammatory process according to ASDAS, BASDAI (r = -0.39, -0.65), and CRP (r = -0.28, -0.38) and low functional capacity according to BASFI (r = -0.27, -0.59), while syndesmophytosis had a reliable association with the age of the patients, the duration of the disease and low functional capacity. Low-energy fractures occurred in 11.4% of men with AS. The presence of fractures was associated with high disease activity (ASDAS, BASDAI, CRP) and was not related to the age of the patients or duration of the disease. Conclusions: A decrease in BMD and the development of fractures were closely associated with high activity of the inflammatory process and low functional capacity, while syndesmophytosis was related to the age of patients and the duration of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to analyse the existing approaches to determining the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on European security and the scenarios of further involvement of Ukraine's partners from both sides of the Atlantic in its protection. The most tangible consequences of the war for the European security environment are highlighted. Specific attention is paid to the debatable issues, such as approaches to how Ukraine can win, factors that prevent larger military aid from the West to Kyiv, threats stemming from an incomplete understanding by some Western leaders of Moscow's goals in the war. The study is centred on a critical analysis of publications on this topic in authoritative journals on international relations, statistical data on the aid of the states of the collective West to Kyiv, and the results of public opinion polls on the continuation of support for Ukraine's struggle in European states and the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Sciarids (Diptera, Sciaridae) are small, mostly dark-colored insects whose larvae usually develop in decaying remains of plants that are penetrated by fungal hyphae. Typical habitats for sciarids are shady forests and wet meadows, but some species can migrate from natural biotopes to anthropogenic ecosystems and live as synanthropes. The genus Sciara Meigen, 1803 is an original genus of the Sciaridae family and includes 55 valid Sciara species in the world fauna. Sciara species play an important role as detritivores, facilitating the decomposition of decaying wood and leaf litter in biotopes. In the paper, the diversity of Sciara in Ukraine is analyzed with some remarks on their ecology, phenology and distribution. On the territory of Ukraine during the field seasons 2015–2022, we collected eight Sciara species—S. analis Schiner, 1864, S. flavimana Zetterstedt, 1851, S. hebes (Loew, 1869), S. helvola Winnertz, 1867, S. hemerobioides (Scopoli, 1763), S. humeralis Zetterstedt, 1851, S. incerta Winnertz, 1867 and S. ruficauda Meigen, 1818. All specimens are kept in the collections of the Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine (SIZK). According to the results of our research, the four species S. flavimana, S. hebes, S. helvola and S. incerta are being registered for the first time in Ukraine. New localities are given for S. analis, S. hemerobioides, S. humeralis and S. ruficauda. The distribution, morphological peculiarities, ecology and phenology of registered species are also briefly discussed. A key to 12 European Sciara species is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. Thus, the goal of the work was to study the effects of calix[4]arenes C-715 and C-772 on Ca2+-transport, the electron transport chain (ETC) activity, and the ROS generation in the mitochondria of uterine smooth muscle. Methods. Studies were conducted on isolated myometrial mitochondria and cells from nonpregnant Wistar rats. Measurement of changes in NADH autofluorescence, as well as the energydependent accumulation of Ca2+ (with Ca2+-specific probe Fluo-4 AM) and ROS generation (with ROS-specific probe DCF-DA) in the fraction of isolated mitochondria was carried out using spectrofluorimetry method. The hydrodynamic diameter of mitochondria was measured using the laser correlation spectroscopy method. The concentration of protein in the mitochondrial fraction was determined with the Bradford method. Results and Discussion. Calix[4]arenes C-715 (5,17-di(trifluoro)acetamido-11,23-di-tert-butyl26,28-dihydroxy-25,27-dipropoxycalix[4]arene) and C-772 (5,11-di(trifluoromethyl(phenylsulfon ylimino)methylamino-17,23-di-tert-butyl-25,26-dipropoxy-27,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene) (Fig. 1) have autofluorescence, increasing linearly with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 30 μM. Their fluorescence signal change indicates potential penetration through myocytes’ plasma membrane and interaction with the IMM. We found that studied calix[4]arenes slow down NADH oxidation in isolated mitochondria, suggesting they may inhibit complex I activity of the ETC (Fig. 2, A, B). Additionally, it was revealed that the studied compounds reduced the efficiency of energy-dependent accumulation of Ca2+ by Moderate inhibition of NADH oxidation might lower the electrochemical potential of the IMM, leading to reduced efficiency of the Ca2+ accumulation in the matrix and decreasing the intensity of Ca2+-dependent processes. This includes the activity of Ca2+-dependent dehydrogenases in the Krebs cycle and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. ROS generation in mitochondria is also a Ca2+-dependent-process, which is closely coupled with the ETC activity [2]. We found that studied calix[4]arenes decrease the level of ROS generation by mitochondria. The more hydrophobic C-772 shows an effect at 0.1 and 1 μM with a shorter exposure, while the effect of C-715 increases with concentration, significantly decreasing ROS generation at 30 μM. Since complex I of ETC plays a leading role in ROS generation, and assuming that studied calix[4]arenes suppress its activity, this effect can be considered as protective on mitochondria. The studied compounds moderately increase mitochondria size depending on concentration. C-715 at 20 and 30 μM increases hydrodynamic diameter by 30%, and C-772 at 30 μM by 20%; at other concentrations the effect is negligible. Alterations in ETC activity affect mitochondrial osmotic balance, causing a moderate volume increase. The results of hydrodynamic diameter measurements support the notion that the compounds do not induce mitochondrial dysfunction. Conclusions. Studied calix[4]arenes slow down the oxidation of NADH in isolated mitochondria, which represents an inhibitory effect on the ETC functioning, in particular its complex I. Additionally, selected compounds reduce both the energy-dependent accumulation of Ca2+ and ROS generation by isolated mitochondria. Such an effect on ROS biosynthesis could be considered as protective on organelles. Moderate increase in mitochondria hydrodynamic diameter suggests that the studied compounds do not cause mitochondrial dysfunction. Researched calix[4]arenes can be used in experimental practice to influence the mitochondrial functional activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phenoxazine-based small organic molecular donor POZ-M is designed and synthesized to prepare organic heterojunction nanoparticles (NPs) with a small molecular acceptor ITIC for photocatalytic hydrogen production, giving a reaction rate of up to 63 mmol g−1 h−1. A beneficial molecular design strategy highlights the role of miscibility between POZ-M and ITIC, which is necessary to achieve satisfactory charge separation at the donor/acceptor interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few years, human activity recognition (HAR) has drawn increasing interest from the scientific community. This attention is mainly attributable to the proliferation of wearable sensors and the expanding role of HAR in such fields as healthcare, sports, and human activity monitoring. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are becoming a popular approach for addressing HAR problems. However, this method requires extensive training datasets to perform adequately on new data. This paper proposes a novel deep learning model pre-trained on scalograms generated using the continuous wavelet transform (CWT). Nine popular CNN architectures and different CWT configurations were considered to select the best performing combination, resulting in the training and evaluation of more than 300 deep learning models. On the source KU-HAR dataset, the selected model achieved classification accuracy and an F1 score of 97.48% and 97.52%, respectively, which outperformed contemporary state-of-the-art works where this dataset was employed. On the target UCI-HAPT dataset, the proposed model resulted in a maximum accuracy and F1-score increase of 0.21% and 0.33%, respectively, on the whole UCI-HAPT dataset and of 2.82% and 2.89%, respectively, on the UCI-HAPT subset. It was concluded that the usage of the proposed model, particularly with frozen layers, results in improved performance, faster training, and smoother gradient descent on small HAR datasets. However, the use of the pre-trained model on sufficiently large datasets may lead to negative transfer and accuracy degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creative industries contribute to the use of the cultural and resource potential of the region (cultural traditions, historical and architectural heritage) and their direction for local economic development. The purpose of the article is to identify the trends in the development of creative industries in Ukraine, their role and significance for the tourism industry, and on this basis to justify the advantages of their synergistic connection to the local economic development of the Mykolaiv region. The research uses a set of scientific research methods of a general (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction, formalization) and special (content analysis, comparison, graphic) nature, which made it possible to reveal meaningful interpretations of regularities regarding the interpretation of the concepts of "creative industries" and "creative tourism", as well as characterize the synergistic relationship between them. It was found that creative industries have a positive impact on the country's economy, in particular, the cultural sector accounts for 3.1% of the global gross domestic product, and cultural and creative industries provide almost 50 million jobs. It was established that Ukraine has a significant potential of creative industries, the value of which in the economy is constantly growing, so the export of creative industries accounts for 30% of the total. It has been established that Ukraine has a significant potential of creative industries, the value of which in the economy is constantly growing, so exports of creative industries account for 30% of the total. The scientific works of Ukrainian scientists, as well as scientists of other countries, on the influence of creative industries on the development of tourism were analyzed, as a result of which attention was focused on a number of advantages that can be combined into three groups: the tourism industry (a new unique tourist experience; expansion of the offer without any what additional investments; high-quality and sustainable tourism with high added value and purchasing power); community and population (diversification of the local economy; creative entrepreneurship; sustainable development of the territory; investment attractiveness; new forms of cooperation; improving the quality of life and well-being; social cohesion; community empowerment); the field of culture (positive influence on the development of cultural infrastructure; preservation and restoration of intangible cultural heritage; cooperation in the cultural sphere; formation of creative communities). It is the search for new and creative ways to develop the tourism sector (opening of domestic destinations, development of new routes and territory development projects) that will contribute to increasing the competitiveness of the tourism industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, for the first time in Eastern European linguodidactics, an original method of using students' emotional intelligence data and their personal linguoculture for a new structuring of didactic material in the study of foreign languages (on the example of Ukrainian as a foreign language) is offered. The authors aimed to make theoretical generalizations and conclusions about the main subject of the research, to determine the types of emotionalintellectual relation of students to a foreign language in the classes of the higher educational institutions and to model the general methodological scheme on the basis of sociological and functional-semantic data. The used methods can be clearly divided into theoretical, sociological and modeling, which made it possible to demonstrate a new approach to the thematic presentation of didactic material on the example of the concept HAPPY and determine the degree of flexibility of students' emotional intelligence in foreign language classes. First of all, the international significance of the article lies in the first attempt of the synthesis of the theory of emotional intelligence and linguoculturology (theory of concepts) in the optimization of the foreign language didactics; secondly, the authors, with the help of associative experiment and functional-field thematic structuring, offered a new model of presenting the lexical material of foreign language teaching for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the 14C, 36C1, and 60Co radionuclide distribution in graphite stacks and blocks, which play a crucial role in the decommission of uranium-graphite reactors. The shutdown uranium-graphite reactor ADE-5 provides an access to the graphite stack for the removal of graphite blocks. New interpretations are suggested for the radionuclide distribution in bulk graphite stacks based on testing results of graphite blocks removed from the uranium-graphite reactor ADE-5 in 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production of renewable fuels from solar energy and abundant resourses, such as water and carbon dioxide, via photocatalytic reactions is seen as a promising strategy to adequately address the climate challenge. Photocatalytic systems based on organic polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) are seen as one avenue to transform solar energy into hydrogen and other solar fuels. Semiconducting PNPs are light-harvesting materials with exceptional optical properties, photostability, low cost and low cytotoxity, whose performance surpasses conventional organic dyes and inorganic semiconductors. This review introduces the optimization strategies for the preparation methods of PNP via cocatalyst loading and morphology tuning. We present an analysis on how the preparative methods will impact the physico-chemical properties of these materials, and thus the catalytic activity. A list of experimental techniques is presented for characterization of the physico-chemical properties (optical, morphological, electrochemical and catalytic properties) of PNPs. We provide detailed analysis of PNP photochemistry during photocatalysis with focus on the mechanistic understanding of processes of internal charge generation and transport to the catalyst. This tutorial review provides the reader with the guidelines on current strategies used to optimize PNP performance highlighting the future directions of polymer nano-photocatalysts development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, sensors using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detectors combined with superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic analyte concentration systems showed the ability to reach detection limits below the femto-molar level. However, a further increase in the sensitivity of these sensors is limited by the impossibility of the concentration systems to deposit the analyte on an area of less than 0.01 mm2. This article proposes a fundamentally new approach to the analyte enrichment, based on the effect of non-uniform electrostatic field on the evaporating droplet. This approach, combined with the optimized geometry of a superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic concentration system allows more than a six-fold reduction of the deposition area. Potentially, this makes it possible to improve the detection limit of the plasmonic sensors by the same factor, bringing it down to the attomolar level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is dedicated to the safety assessment of mixed storage of irradiated graphite and other types of radioactive waste accumulated during the operation of uranium-graphite reactors. The analysis of heat release processes inside storages containing irradiated nuclear graphite, representing a potential hazard due to the possible heating and, accordingly, the release of long-lived radionuclides during oxidation was carried out. The following factors were considered as the main factors that can lead to an increase in the temperature inside the storage facility: corrosion of metallic radioactive waste, the presence of fuel fragments, and also the random exposure of irradiated graphite to local sources of thermal energy (spark, etc.). It was noted in the work that the combined or separate influence of some factors can lead to an increase in the temperature of the onset of the initiation of Wigner energy release in graphite radwaste (Tin ≈ 90–100°C for the "Worst-case" graphite). The model of heat generation in the storage was developed based on the analysis of the features of graphite radioactive waste storage and Wigner energy release. The layered location of different types of waste (graphite and aluminum) and the local character of the distribution of heat sources were adopted in this model. The greatest heating is achieved if graphite radioactive waste is located near the concrete walls of the storage facility, as well as in direct contact with irradiated aluminum radioactive waste, which was shown in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is an economically important and profitable stone fruit species grown in the temperate and subtropical climates, bearing fruits with unique flavour and nutritional benefits. There is also a long tradition of sweet cherry breeding in the Czech Republic. We report here the evaluation of economically important fruit and vegetative characters in 27 sweet cherry cultivars grown in the Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology (RBIP) in the genebank plantation. The cultivars were evaluated phenotypically using standard descriptors for sweet cherries. Established cultivars 'Burlat' (early ripening) and 'Kordia' (late ripening) were included in the study as commercial standards. The cultivar 'Früheste der Mark' was used as the earliest cultivar of the sweet cherry season. The results presented in this study demonstrate the high diversity of the analyzed sweet cherry germplasm. The cultivars 'Horka', 'Justyna', and 'Sandra' stood out in terms of fruit size and taste quality. The evaluated newly bred Czech sweet cherry cultivars are broadly described at the end of the presented paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Multiple peculiarities of ankylosing spondylitis clinical course have a significant influence on the physical, mental and social status of patients. Systemic loss of bone tissue manifesting itself through the development of osteoporosis and its complications is not excluded either. However, currently there is no sufficiently clear information on the influence of osteoporosis or its metabolic components, as well as peculiarities of the disease clinical course on the physical and mental health components in the patients suffering from ankylosing spondylitis. Purpose: to study the quality of life indices using the SF-36 and HAQ questionnaires in men suffering from ankylosing spondylitis and to assess the associations of these indexes with the disease clinical course as well as structural and functional state of bone tissue. Materials and methods. 105 men suffering from ankylosing spondylitis and 25 practically healthy persons of the appropriate age and sex forming the control group were examined. In order to assess the quality of life indices, the SF-36 and HAQ questionnaires were used. Results. It was established that men suffering from ankylosing spondylitis showed reliably lower indices of physical (37.3 ± 1.5 points) and mental (44.2 ± 1.7 points) health components if compared to the control group (99.1 ± 0.3; 97.4 ± 0.7 points respectively). Under conditions of the low bone mineral density, quality of life indices (PCS; MCS) were only 12.2–7.1 % lower than in the patients with a preserved bone mineral density. It was shown that under conditions of the Vitamin D deficiency, quality of life components were significantly worse, specifically on account of the mental health component (р < 0.05). It was also established that the lower quality of life was closely associated with a high activity of the inflammatory process (ASDAS-СRP, BASDAI) and a high dose of glucocorticoids. Conclusions. Men suffering from ankylosing spondylitis show a significant reduction of life quality indices by the SF-36 (PCS; MCS) and HAQ questionnaires, which demonstrate no association with the age of the patients (except for MCS), disease form and duration, structural and functional state of bone tissue. However, they are significantly worse in subjects with the Vitamin D deficiency, a high dose of glucocorticoids and high disease activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main obstacles on the way to successful cultivation of orchards and planting material of sour and sweet cherry is infection with viral pathogens. They can adversely affect yields, reduce plant resistance to abiotic factors and cause losses in the nursery. Therefore, it is important to determine the spread of viruses in plantations and the selection of virus-free plants for the establishment of nuclear stock collections. In order to study phytovirological state of the orchards, tests for the presence of five viral pathogens were performed: Tomato black ring nepovirus (TBRV), Cherry leaf roll nepovirus (CLRV), Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Petunia asteroid mosaic tombusvirus (PeAMV), Plum pox virus (PPV). The level of infection with these pathogens reaches 19.2% for sour cherry, 5.8% - for sweet cherry, and 7.4% - for rootstocks. PPV prevailed in sour cherry material - 7%, in sweet cherry material - ACLSV (3.6%), while the rootstock samples were most infected by PeAMV - 5.6%. Until now, this virus has not been reported in Ukraine. TBRV and ACLSV viruses have been known in other crops so far, while not yet been detected in sour and sweet cherry. It was determined that PPV isolates (Mahaleb 1, Mahaleb 2) which were detected in sour cherry, belong to strain D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Diabetic cardiomyopathy is common in patients with labile type I diabetes, with a tendency to ketoacidosis, reduced body weight, and affection of small blood vessels. This research aimed to determine the nature of the reaction of the autonomic nervous system and changes of biometrical indices in experimental diabetes type 1 and under the influence of different forms of quercetin. Material and Methods: White outbred mature male rats were used in the experiments. For diabetes type 1 modeling, a single intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection (50 mg/kg) was used. In 14 days after the injection, animals were divided into three groups: animals with diabetes without treatment; rats that were injected with a water-soluble form of quercetin; rats that were injected with the liposomal form of the bioflavonoid. Bodyweight, heart weight, heart mass ratio, tolerance of animals to physical activity (swimming test), and glucose level in the blood were defined. The state of the autonomic nervous system was estimated according to the indices of cardiointervalography. Results: Quercetin preparations at experimental diabetes type I contributed to the improvement of the mass measurement parameters and functional state of the autonomic regulation of heart activity, causing normalization of the majority of its indices and, as a result, increased the tolerance of animals to physical activity (duration of swimming). Under the influence of the preparations, vagal influence on the heart has been progressively reduced, and the restoration of balance between the tonus of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system and centralization of control of heart rhythm were observed. It is important to mention that for most biometrical indices and indices of heart rhythm variability, the activity of the liposomal form of quercetin was more pronounced than its water-soluble form. It is possible that this effect was due to liposomes. Conclusion: The liposomal form of quercetin exhibited higher activity against most biometric and heartbeat rate indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective strategy has been developed for the preparation of isoxazole-containing thiadiazepine derivatives via the reaction of 1,3-diallyl sulfamide with the corresponding 3-aryl-5-bromomethylisoxazoles using ring-closing metathesis as the key synthetic step. This route grants access to such thiadiazepine derivatives which cannot be synthesized by other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is becoming an epidemic. The diversity of etiological factors contributes to the fact that both types of diabetes mellitus occur among different age groups and among different segments of the population. Activation of various types of processes that lead to oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, the development of atherosclerotic changes, increases the risk of macro- and microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus. Material and methods: The experiments were performed on 172 white Wistar rats weighing 120–150 g. All animals were kept on a standard I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University (TNMU), vivarium diet. In our studies, for the first time was established a distinct cardioprotective effect of quercetin-containing drugs, Corvitin and Lipoflavon, for the purpose of normalizing disorders in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus coupled with obesity, which opens wide opportunities for the introduction of these drugs into diabetic cardiomyopathy. Results: The results obtained are an experimental rationale for extending the indications of clinical use of Corvitin and Lipoflavon. Conclusion: Lipoflavon in the experimental type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus coupled with obesity significantly outperforms Corvitin in terms of TBA-active products and diene conjugates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A water-stable FeIV clathrochelate complex catalyses fast and homogeneous photochemical oxidation of water to dioxygen with a turnover frequency of 2.27 s−1 and a maximum turnover number of 365. An FeV intermediate generated under catalytic conditions is trapped and characterised using EPR and Mössbauer spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper is concerned with determination of parameters associated with release of the energy accumulated in irradiated graphite. These parameters define the conditions and possible consequences of the release – the heat effects, both in the course of the all types of uranium-graphite reactors (UGR) decommissioning work and during the entire irradiate graphite management process, including treatment, storage, and disposal of the graphite radioactive waste (GRW). Results of analysis of the magnitude and dynamics of maximum possible heat effects because of Wigner energy release in the graphite stack and in the volume of graphite parts loaded into large containers were presented. Results of modeling showed the most critical conditions from the standpoint of the potential heat effect values because of Wigner energy release in large volumes of the graphite irradiated at low temperature. Those conditions were achieved when the temperature of the entire graphite volume reached the temperature of self-induced stored energy release (the initiation temperature). In the case, the energy was released within the entire volume simultaneously. This path of accumulated energy release was characterized by the high annealing intensity, and under the heat transfer conditions with the air environment the temperature of graphite could reach the values inherent to adiabatic conditions, ∼800oС. Highlights •. A process of Winger energy release in graphite bricks and sleeves is shown. •. Results of modeling of potential heat effect values because of Wigner energy release in irradiated graphite are demonstrated. •. The dependence between measurements of irradiated graphite and peak temperature under Wigner energy release is detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reported the experience gained in the course of decommissioning EI-2 Production Uranium-Graphite Nuclear Reactor. EI-2 was a production Uranium-Graphite Nuclear Reactor located on the Production and Demonstration Center for Uranium-Graphite Reactors JSC (PDC UGR JSC) site of Seversk City, Tomsk Region, Russia. EI-2 commenced its operation in 1958, and was shut down on December 28, 1990, having operated for the period of 33 years all together. The extra pure grade graphite for the moderator, water for the coolant, and uranium metal for the fuel were used in the reactor. During the operation nitrogen gas was passed through the graphite stack of the reactor. In the process of decommissioning the PDC UGR JSC site the cavities in the reactor space were filled with clay-based materials. A specific composite barrier material based on clays and minerals of Siberian Region was developed for the purpose. Numerical modeling demonstrated the developed clay composite would make efficient geological barriers preventing release of radionuclides into the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the problem of how subjectively prepared the human capital of modern Russian industrial enterprises is for the technological breakthrough on the threshold of the fourth industrial revolution. It analyzes social types of workers differing in terms of motivator-dominants for labor (motivation models) on the basis of an expert sociological survey of company managers. These types are "lumpen person," "economic person," "social person," "ethical person," "psychological person," and "creative person." The conclusion that the "economic person" dominates in the social structure of enterprises, that the "lumpen person" has a noticeable presence in this structure (10 percent), and, in the context of urgent development tasks, that the "creative person" holds a weak position shows that it is not possible for the human capital of enterprises in its current form to act as a full-fledged catalyst of technological breakthroughs. At the same time, the article finds preliminary confirmation of a hypothesis regarding a regressive trend over time of the structure under examination: a strengthening of the "negative" positions in terms of production output of the "lumpen" group of workers and a weakening of the position of the "positively tinged" (creative) group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to determine the peculiarities of using teaching elements of research-based training at the Institute of Human Sciences at Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University. Based on focus group methodology, the authors identify the key methodological characteristics of research-based training, which have comprised the basis of educational program analysis for determining the application of tasks that contribute to the development of students' research skills. The study used a focus group method. Its purpose was to obtain the necessary information from the participants to describe the methodological basis and justification of methods, forms, indicators, etc. of research-based training systems among people who are competent and have experience in this field. After that, the method of "theoretical sampling" was used, which enabled formulation of generalized characteristics according to the results of focus groups. The practical value of the study is the determination of the methodological characteristics of research-based training, which is the basis for the application of tasks by university teachers that promote the development of research competence in students. The research is one of the first attempts to determine the methodological characteristics of research-based training in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microliquid jets have many applications, in particular in the fields of spectroscopy/analysis of samples susceptible to beam damage. Herein, we report a microliquid jet, manufactured with 3D printing technology, with a tuneable nozzle diameter output. This strategy increases the breadth of techniques that can be covered with a single microliquid jet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper a novel synthetic route, being a paradigm of the “direct synthesis” approach, is proposed for the preparation of heterometallic Mn/V compounds by a one-pot reaction. Two synthesized complexes, (NH 4 ) 2 [Mn 2 (HGly)(H 2 O) 10 ][V 10 O 28 ]·(HGly)·2H 2 O ( 1 ) and (NH 4 ) 2 [Mn(β-HAla)(H 2 O) 5 ] 2 [V 10 O 28 ]·2H 2 O ( 2 ) (HGly = glycine, β-HAla = β-alanine) have been fully characterized by elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, magnetic susceptibility, FTIR and EPR spectroscopy. Thermal degradation of these compounds lead to the formation of porous, solid mixed oxides V 2 O 5 /MnV 2 O 6 in a ratio of 3:2, which were analyzed by X-ray phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM/EDX). Additionally the ability of 1 and 2 to act as oxygen evolving water oxidation catalysts under visible light-driven conditions have been studied in a Clark type cell and by ex situ EPR spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel synthetic route was elaborated to obtain Cu/V 10 O 28 compounds in a one-pot procedure based on a “direct synthesis” approach using water or dmf as a solvent and ethylenediamine as a ligand. The crystalline compounds (H 2 en) 2 [Cu(en) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ][V 10 O 28 ]·4H 2 O ( 1 ), (H 3 O) 2 [{Cu(en) 2 (H 2 O)} 2 V 10 O 28 ]·3H 2 O ( 2 ), [{Cu(en) 2 } 3 (V 10 O 28 )]·6H 2 O ( 3 ) and (H 2 en) 3 [V 10 O 28 ]·2H 2 O ( 4 ), with copper-to-vanadium ratios of 1:10, 2:10, 3:10 and 0:10, respectively, were isolated and characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis, FTIR, magnetic measurements and EPR spectroscopy. As proven by EPR measurements on the reaction solutions, the reactions pass through the formation of V(IV) species. However, from BVS analysis of the crystal structures, it is clear that all V atoms in the final products have the +5 oxidation state. A probable mechanism of the reactions taking place during the synthesis was proposed based on additional synthetic experiments and EPR data. The vibrational spectra of the V 10 O 28 6− adducts with water, ammonia, H 2 en 2+ and copper complex species, as well as differently protonated decavanadates, were simulated based on quantum-chemical calculations, allowing the assignment of additional bands in the 990–970 cm −1 region to the δ (VOH) vibrations and modes arising due to strong H-bonding of protic molecules to the decavanadate moiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ukraine faces the issue of express control of impurities in water or in liquid -- phase object, in particular -- the mineralization in the systems for central fresh water supply. The existing methods for the analysis of liquid phase objects are based on chemical analysis, photo and colorimetry, gravimetry, spectroscopy, conductometry. Methods, based on measuring the electric resistance are usually used for the determination of the general mineralization. This, however, does not allow to determine the small concentration values of general mineralization with sufficient accuracy. Therefore, there had been suggested the method for the determination of the small concentration of the general liquid phase object mineralization by emissions spectrum registration during gas discharge visualization which allows to improve the accuracy in determination of the general mineralization with short-term measurements and cheap equipment. In accordance with the suggested method there had been developed the experimental unit, on which there had been conducted the series of experiments with water-soluble salts NaCl, MgSO4, KCl, CaCl2, FeSO4; there had been received their emissions spectrums. There had been determined that for Na1+, Cl1-, Mg2+, Fe3+, Ca2+ ions there is observed the higher spectral lines for wavelengths that are close to wavelengths of spectrum lines of those elements. There had been proved the possibility for the determination of availability of several salts in one liquid phase object. The obtained results prove the possibility of using the suggested method for the determination of the general mineralization. It enables to create in future the automated system for controlling over the minaralisation for the system of fresh water supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a novel thermal rectifier based on p-n junction. The thermal rectification effect in the Si p-n junction system was demonstrated experimentally and explained theoretically. It was shown that heat flow from n- to p-type domain is greater than that from p-type to n-type domain. The thermal rectification factor obtained experimentally (evaluated theoretically) was 1.3 (\sim1.43). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Based on hitherto unpublished archival materials, this article examines the circumstances and practice of the combat employment of conventional and rocket artillery in the Soviet-Chinese border conflict of March 1969. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the relations between Ukraine and the West during the period between 1991 and 2001. Examples of positive cooperation and substantive partnership between Ukraine and the West; Constraints in Ukraine-West relations; Factor that leads to the imbalance between Ukraine's European aspirations and Europe's response to them.

Focuses on developments in the Black Sea Economic Cooperative (BSEC) process. Role of the BSEC in the development of small and medium enterprises in the Black Sea region; Description of the trading pattern in the region; Cooperation of the BSEC with the European Union.

Recently, sensors using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detectors combined with superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic analyte concentration systems showed the ability to reach detection limits below the femto-molar level. However, a further increase in the sensitivity of these sensors is limited by the impossibility of the concentration systems to deposit the analyte on an area of less than 0.01 mm2. This article proposes a fundamentally new approach to the analyte enrichment, based on the effect of non-uniform electrostatic field on the evaporating droplet. This approach, combined with the optimized geometry of a superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic concentration system allows more than a six-fold reduction of the deposition area. Potentially, this makes it possible to improve the detection limit of the plasmonic sensors by the same factor, bringing it down to the attomolar level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• [FeFe] hydrogenase active site model complexes are coupled to photochemistry. • Light-driven hydrogen production catalyzed by biomimetic [2Fe2S] active sites. • Bio-inspired molecular catalysis in homogenous and heterogenous systems. • Challenges and opportunities of light-driven, biomimetic H2 production are addressed. A global hydrogen economy could ensure environmentally sustainable, safe and cost-efficient renewable energy for the 21st century. Solar hydrogen production through artificial photosynthesis is a key strategy, and the activity of natural hydrogenase metalloenzymes an inspiration for the design of synthetic catalyst systems. [FeFe]-hydrogenase enzymes, present in anaerobic bacteria and green algae, are the most efficient class of biological catalysts for hydrogen evolution. The enzymes operate in an aqueous environment, utilizing electrons that ultimately stem from photosynthesis as the only energy source. Functional synthetic models of the [FeFe]-hydrogenase enzyme active site have garnered intense interest as potential catalysts for the reduction of protons to molecular hydrogen. Herein, we take an extensive journey through the field of biomimetic hydrogenase chemistry for light-driven hydrogen production. We open with a brief presentation of the structure and redox mechanism of the natural enzyme. Synthetic methodologies, structural characteristics, and hydrogen generation metrics relevant to the synthetic diiron catalysts ([2Fe2S]) are discussed. We first examine multi-component photocatalysis systems with the [2Fe2S] cluster, followed by photosensitizer-[2Fe2S] dyads and molecular triads. Finally, strategies for the incorporation of [2Fe2S] complexes into supramolecular assemblies, semiconductor supports, and hybrid heterogeneous platforms are laid out. We analyze the individual properties, scope, and limitations of the components present in the photocatalytic reactions. This review illuminates the most useful aspects to rationally design a wide variety of biomimetic catalysts inspired by the diiron subsite of [FeFe]-hydrogenases, and establishes design features shared by the most stable and efficient hydrogen producing photosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improvement in the psychological training of future teachers requires the systematic use of active methods of instruction. It is essential to think through and organize systematically all stages of the students' investigation, starting with the creation of their need for it and their appropriate motivational orientation, and ending by seeking solutions to professional problems and ways to enhance their pedagogical expertise. This kind of work should result in the development of the students' pedagogical thinking, pedagogical goal-setting, pedagogical introspection, and a professional orientation that ought to be distinguished by a deep-felt need for active creativity. All of this, as V. V. Davydov has remarked, characterizes the individual's personality level proper (see "O poniatii lichnosti v sovremennoi psikhologii" [On the Concept of the Individual/Personality in Contemporary Psychology], Psikhologicheskii zhurnal, 1988, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 22-32). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with measurements of carbon-14 in irradiated nuclear graphite. It suggests approaches to the problem, impart experience in production and calibration of new C-14, reference standards got from irradiated elements (sleeve, block) of the uranium–graphite reactor (UGR) stacks. Reference standards in the form of irradiated graphite were created and certified by the C-14 concentration. The concentration of C-14 in different samples was determined by interlaboratory comparisons. Results of the work proved an opportunity of creating reference materials for the C-14 radionuclide based on irradiated graphite obtained from the graphite elements of the uranium–graphite reactors. C-14 reference standards with different concentrations of interfering Cl-36, Co-60, H-3, Cs-137, Sr-90 and other radionuclides can be used for future development of new methods of determination the C-14 concentration in irradiated graphite and spectrometric equipment calibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel hybrid compounds with decavanadate anion were obtained under mild conditions and characterized. One of the compounds containing copper cations in the CuN5 coordination environment was employed in water oxidation catalysis. • Two novel hybrid compounds with decavanadate anion are obtained and characterized. • The synthesis has been performed under mild conditions. • Compound [Cu(dien)(Hdien)] 2 [V 10 O 28 ]∙2H 2 O is active homogeneous catalyst for water oxidation. Herein, we report the synthesis of two hybrid compounds based on decavanadate anion, namely, [Cu(dien)(Hdien)] 2 [V 10 O 28 ]·2H 2 O (1) and (H 3 dien) 2 [V 10 O 28 ]·4H 2 O (2), where dien = diethylenetriamine, obtained under mild conditions. Both compounds were characterized by elemental, TG/DTA, single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction analyses, IR and EPR spectroscopies. The compound 1 was found to be active as homogeneous photochemical oxidation catalyst of water to dioxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the conditions of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic pancreatitis (CP) progresses with the development of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), which occurs when the active area of the acinar epithelium decreases as a result of the inflammatory process and fibrosis of the organ. The objective of the study was to study the peculiarities of the processes of the pancreas tissue fibrosis in patients with chronic pancreatitis in case of comorbidity with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A prospective cohort study was conducted with the analysis of inpatients’ medical records of 305 patients. The first group of patients consisted of 96 people with an isolated course of CP, the second group consisted of 116 patients with CP with comorbid COPD, the third group consisted of 93 patients with isolated COPD. The comparison group consisted of 30 practically healthy persons. The study also used data from a clinical blood analysis, a biochemical study of the content of markers of the syndrome of deviation of the pancreas enzymes in the blood, the content of elastase-1 in feces, ultrasonographic examination of abdominal organs, changes in the carbohydrate-protein components of the extracellular matrix, the state of collagenolytic activity of the blood plasma. In patients with CP in the exacerbation phase without comorbid pathology, as well as with comorbid COPD and isolated COPD, a significant activation of fibrosing reactions was established: activation of collagen synthesis was registered as an indicator of an increase in the content of protein-bound oxyproline (PBOP) in the blood: in patients of the 1st group – 1.7 times, patients of the 2nd group – 2.1 times and 3rd group – 2.3 times (p<0.05). The specified direction of changes is confirmed by the indicator of the content of type IV collagen in the blood, which increased in comparison with the indicator in practically healthy persons, respectively, in patients of groups 1, 2, 3 – by 1.4 times, 2.4 and 2.5 times (ɪ<0.05), i.e. maximally in patients with COPD and with comorbidity of CP with COPD. In patients with a comorbid course of CP and COPD, a correlational interdependence was established between the indicators of the state of the protein components of the connective tissue of the extracellular matrix of the pancreas (PBOP) and hyperamylasemia (r=0.32, ɪ<0.05), the intensity of endotoxicosis (r=0, 37, p<0.05), the level of glycemia (r=0.45, p<0.05), and the inverse relationship between the content of elastase-1 in feces (r=-0.33, p<0.05 ), insulinemia (r=-0.46, p<0.05), which indicates the interdependence of these changes and their role in the pathogenesis of the progression of chronic pancreatitis. Correlation relationship between the parameter of ultrasonographic histography of the pancreas – L, which indicates the degree of the pancreas fibrosis, and the content of type IV collagen in the blood (r=0.54, p<0.05), the content of PBOP in the blood (r=0.46, p<0.05), hexosamines (r=0.38, p<0.05) points to the biochemical mechanisms of the pancreas fibrosis and opens up prospects for developing the ways of pathogenetic correction and prevention of CP progression in comorbidity with COPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the features of verification and detection of lies and the definition of their features in the process of polygraph examination. Detection of lies is associated with the experience of certain emotions, the mechanisms of functioning of which ensure the organization of the relationship between true and false answers during testing using the technical means of computer polygraph and are accompanied by physiological reactions. In a computerized polygraph test, a test taker analyzes and evaluates the risks of concealing false information or the possibility of confirming it and exposing it as false. The effectiveness of information concealment depends on its ability to reveal and control a specific picture of one's own physiological reactions when answering the questions, which are then evaluated by a polygraph examiner. Instrumental detection during polygraph testing should aim to obtain information, avoiding ambiguity, doubt, assumptions, and subjective association with an adequate reflection of reality. Undoubtedly, there is information that characterizes certain actions performed by a person, which he/she interprets and submits in the form of a true or false answer to a question evaluated by a polygraph examiner. The effectiveness of methods of detection and verification of lies depends on the qualification of the polygraph specialist, taking into account the individual characteristics of each test case, as well as the subtleties and details of the event being studied, features of psychophysiological reactions of the person being examined, namely the type of nervous system, external and internal factors that significantly influence the result of the examination. The conducted empirical research made it possible to describe the features of the group of people in whom lies were detected during polygraph testing. Such individuals showed high rates of adaptability, but low rates of neuropsychological stability. Among the personal qualities a high level of manifestation on such scales as "reactive aggression", "spontaneous aggression", "irritability", "shyness", "openness", "extraversion-introversion" can be distinguished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biomimetic model complex of the [FeFe]-hydrogenase active site (FeFeOH) with an ethylene bridge and a pendant hydroxyl group has been synthesized, characterized and evaluated as catalyst for the light-driven hydrogen production. The interaction of the hydroxyl group present in the complex with 3-isocyanopropyltriethoxysilane provided a carbamate triethoxysilane bearing a diiron dithiolate complex (NCOFeFe), thus becoming a potentially promising candidate for anchoring on heterogeneous supports. As a proof of concept, the NCOFeFe precursor was anchored by a grafting procedure into a periodic mesoporous organosilica with ethane bridges (EthanePMO@NCOFeFe). Both molecular and heterogenized complexes were tested as catalysts for light-driven hydrogen generation in aqueous solutions. The photocatalytic conditions were optimized for the homogenous complex by varying the reaction time, pH, amount of the catalyst or photosensitizer, photon flux, and the type of light source (light-emitting diode (LED) and Xe lamp). It was shown that the molecular FeFeOH diiron complex achieved a decent turnover number (TON) of 70 after 6 h, while NCOFeFe and EthanePMO@NCOFeFe had slightly lower activities showing TONs of 37 and 5 at 6 h, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report an easy-to-implement device for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based detection of various analytes dissolved in water droplets at trace concentrations. The device combines an analyte-enrichment system and SERS-active sensor site, both produced via inexpensive and high-performance direct femtosecond (fs)-laser printing. Fabricated on a surface of water-repellent polytetrafluoroethylene substrate as an arrangement of micropillars, the analyte-enrichment system supports evaporating water droplet in the Cassie–Baxter superhydrophobic state, thus ensuring delivery of the dissolved analyte molecules towards the hydrophilic SERS-active site. The efficient pre-concentration of the analyte onto the sensor site based on densely arranged spiky plasmonic nanotextures results in its subsequent label-free identification by means of SERS spectroscopy. Using the proposed device, we demonstrate reliable SERS-based fingerprinting of various analytes, including common organic dyes and medical drugs at ppb concentrations. The proposed device is believed to find applications in various areas, including label-free environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics, and forensics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitochondria play a crucial role in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis in cells. Due to the critical regulatory role of the products of oxidative and non-oxidative metabolism of L-arginine, it is essential to clarify their effect on Ca2+ transport in smooth muscle mitochondria. Experiments were performed on the uterine myocytes of rats and isolated mitochondria. The possibility of NO synthesis by mitochondria was demonstrated by confocal microscopy and spectrofluorimetry methods using the NO-sensitive fluorescent probe DAF-FM and Mitotracker Orange CM-H2TMRos. It was shown that 50 μM L-arginine stimulates the energy-dependent accumulation of Ca2+ in mitochondria using the fluorescent probe Fluo-4 AM. A similar effect occurred when using nitric oxide donors 100 μM SNP, SNAP, and sodium nitrite (SN) directly. The stimulating effect was eliminated in the presence of the NO scavenger C-PTIO. Nitric oxide reduces the electrical potential in mitochondria without causing them to swell. The stimulatory effect of spermine on the accumulation of Ca2+ by mitochondria is attributed to the enhancement of NO synthesis, which was demonstrated with the use of C-PTIO, NO-synthase inhibitors (100 μM NA and L-NAME), as well as by direct monitoring of NO synthesis fluorescent probe DAF-FM. A conclusion was drawn about the potential regulatory effect of the product of the oxidative metabolism of L-arginine – NO on the transport of Ca2+ in the mitochondria of the myometrium, as well as the corresponding effect of the product of non-oxidative metabolism –spermine by increasing the synthesis of NO in these subcellular structures. • The possibility of NO synthesis by mitochondria was demonstrated. • L-arginine and nitric oxide donors stimulate the energy-dependent accumulation of Ca2+ in mitochondria. • The stimulating effect of the NO was eliminated in the presence its scavenger C-PTIO. • Nitric oxide reduces the electrical potential in mitochondria without causing them to swell. • The enhancement of NO synthesis explains the stimulatory effect of spermine on the accumulation of Ca2+ by mitochondria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(NH4)2[Co(H2O)6]2 [V10O28]·4H2O (I) and (NH4)2 [Co(H2O)5(β-HAla)]2 [V10O28]·4H2O (II) are used for the preparation of mixed oxides as catalysts for water oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(NH4)2[Co(H2O)6]2 [V10O28]·4H2O (I) and (NH4)2 [Co(H2O)5(β-HAla)]2 [V10O28]·4H2O (II) are used for the preparation of mixed oxides as catalysts for water oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main idea of this work is the investigation of structural and morphological characteristics of microcrystalline cellulose with switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) by the method of organo-solvent cooking with the addition of various brands of ion-exchange resins instead of sulfuric acid. A sulfonated copolymer of styrene and divinyl benzene with two functional groups per ring - Purolite CT-275 and a sulfonated copolymer based on tetrafluoroethylene - Nafion NR-50 were chosen as initial ion exchange resins. Air-dry switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a technical culture, was used for the research. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was obtained from it by the method of organo-solvent cooking with the addition of a solid catalyst. Using the methods of XRD, FTIRATR, AFM, TGA and DSC, the structure and morphology of MCC were studied. It is found that the use of ionexchange resins in the organo-solvent method of obtaining MCC in a batch reactor requires the use of protective covers for the catalyst to avoid its mechanical damage. It has been found that only sulfonated copolymers based on tetrafluoroethylene are stable in the cooking solution, in contrast to sulfonated copolymers of styrene and divinylbenzene, and allow obtaining MCC from millet with a yield of 53 % versus 40 % for the classical method and a degree of polymerization of 440 versus 578, respectively. Due to the destruction of amorphous binders in the MCC’s from switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), regardless of the conditions of its production, we observe further ordering of the structure of the obtained MCC which is expressed in narrower and more intense peaks in the range 2θ = 22–23°. The FTIR-ATR method showed that the obtained MCC has functional groups similar to commercial M-1021. The AFM method showed that MCC has a globular and wavy relief. Surface roughness with globular relief is 12.6 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing low‐cost and efficient photocatalysts to convert CO2 into valuable fuels is desirable to realize a carbon‐neutral society. In this work, we report that polymer dots (Pdots) of poly[(9,9′‐dioctylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl)‐co‐(1,4‐benzo‐thiadiazole)] (PFBT), without adding any extra co‐catalyst, can photocatalyze reduction of CO2 into CO in aqueous solution, rendering a CO production rate of 57 μmol g−1 h−1 with a detectable selectivity of up to 100 %. After 5 cycles of CO2 re‐purging experiments, no distinct decline in CO amount and reaction rate was observed, indicating the promising photocatalytic stability of PFBT Pdots in the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction. A mechanistic study reveals that photoexcited PFBT Pdots are reduced by sacrificial donor first, then the reduced PFBT Pdots can bind CO2 and reduce it into CO via their intrinsic active sites. This work highlights the application of organic Pdots for CO2 reduction in aqueous solution, which therefore provides a strategy to develop highly efficient and environmentally friendly nanoparticulate photocatalysts for CO2 reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing low‐cost and efficient photocatalysts to convert CO2 into valuable fuels is desirable to realize a carbon‐neutral society. In this work, we report that polymer dots (Pdots) of poly[(9,9′‐dioctylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl)‐co‐(1,4‐benzo‐thiadiazole)] (PFBT), without adding any extra co‐catalyst, can photocatalyze reduction of CO2 into CO in aqueous solution, rendering a CO production rate of 57 μmol g−1 h−1 with a detectable selectivity of up to 100 %. After 5 cycles of CO2 re‐purging experiments, no distinct decline in CO amount and reaction rate was observed, indicating the promising photocatalytic stability of PFBT Pdots in the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction. A mechanistic study reveals that photoexcited PFBT Pdots are reduced by sacrificial donor first, then the reduced PFBT Pdots can bind CO2 and reduce it into CO via their intrinsic active sites. This work highlights the application of organic Pdots for CO2 reduction in aqueous solution, which therefore provides a strategy to develop highly efficient and environmentally friendly nanoparticulate photocatalysts for CO2 reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in the number of patients with obesity causes significant interest of researchers and doctors in the study and analysis of physiological and pathological processes in adipose tissue. The aim of the work is to evaluate changes in the level of hormones in adipose tissue after sleeve gastrectomy. Changes in hormone levels were studied in 3 groups of 10 animals each: a control group with a normal weight, a control group with metabolic syndrome, and the main group with metabolic syndrome, which underwent sleeve gastrectomy. Three weeks after sleeve gastrectomy, weight loss was 13.7%, and after 6 weeks - 24.8%. The level of leptin in the control group was 22.08±2.61 ng/g, in the control group with metabolic syndrome - 34.01±3.01 ng/g, and in the main group 6 weeks after surgery, it was 26.92±2, 14 ng/h. When studying the level of adiponectin in the blood of rats, we found a statistically significant difference between the level of the control group with metabolic syndrome, which was 5.16±0.75 µg/ml, and the level in the control group - 7.01±0.87 µg/ml, in the main group 6 weeks after the operation - 6.32±0.57 µg/ml. The level of resistin in the control group was 12.14±1.73 µg/l, in the second group - 17.86±1.91 µg/l, in the main group - 15.06±1.68 µg/l. Sleeve gastrectomy creates hormonal changes that have a positive effect on the main mechanism of reducing the volume of adipose tissue, leading to the normalization of adipokine levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]