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The article is devoted to the problem of organizing a balanced diet of student youth who are engaged in active sports. The authors of the article conducted a general analysis of problematic aspects of the organization of these types of mutrition of young athletes, considered current trends in demand for certain types of sports functional foods and recommendations of do mestic and foreign experts to address relevant issues. The study of modern experience in the organization of diets of profes sional athletes allowed to determine the basic principles of building an adequate diet of modern athletes and formulate prac tical recommendations with certain sets of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of certain types of food that are most suitable for athletes engaged in various active sports. During the formulation of the relevant recommendations, the peculiari ties of the course of physiological processes in the body of a person who experiences different types of sports load were taken into account. These loads impose additional requirements on the human body, the observance of which depends on the gen eral state of health and well-being of athletes both during training and during the performance of daily activities related to human life. Based on the understanding of these factors, during the study a questionnaire survey of young athletes was con ducted to determine: the general eating habits of modern youth: used diets both during training and during rest, the most popular foods and favorite dishes made from them. Statistical processing of the results of the survey showed a high degree of awareness of students about the importance of balanced diets and the most important food components, the consumption of which affects the likelihood of achieving sports results. It was found that most young people prefer specialized functional products of targeted action in particular, a variety of protein shakes and gainers, as well as so-called "sports" chocolate bars with different recipes. They are based on carbohy drate-protein mixtures with a certain ratio of simple and complex carbohydrates, which are further enriched with certain types of amino acids, vitamins, as well as creatine, trace elements and unsaturated fatty acids. At the same time, the analysis of the results of the survey of young athletes and the relationship of these data with modern experience in the organization of diets of professional athletes revealed a number of issues that require additional research. Addressing these issues will con tribute to more efficient consumption by athletes not only of specialized foods, but also of the simplest, most common compo nents of the human diet. Their combined consumption together with specialized foods will help to achieve the most optimal state of the body with a variety of sports activities and if necessary, will significantly reduce the degree of consumption by athletes of specialized sports products. That is why the authors analyzed modern sports carbohydrate-protein mixtures and identified the most optimal ratio of simple and complex carbohydrates in them, determined the rational ratio of amino acids, vitamins, creatine, trace elements and unsaturated fatty acids in appropriate mixtures designed to optimize the course of pinys iological processes before and after sports activities of the body. Based on the modern experience of organizing the diets of professional athletes, recommendations were formulated for the use of both specialized and conventional foods in the diet of young athletes and recommendations were given to adjust the overall diet of young people who lead an active lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the main trends in obtaining new types of confectionery products with a balanced composition and functional properties, the production of which is based on the use of a product of plant raw materials processing - carob. Studies on increasing the nutritional value and reducing the energy intensity of marshmallow-type whipped products with the use of carob and the sugar substitute isomalt are given. Information on the functional properties of carob, the effect of the roasting process on its quality indicators, and the possibility of using carob in the production of confectionery products to expand the range of raw ingredients and increase their nutritional value were considered. A comparative description of the nutritional and energy value of medium-roasted carob and cocoa powder is given. The article examines the influence of the product of the processing of plant raw materials of carob on the nature of the formation of the structure of marshmallow masses of reduced energy content, and their main structural-mechanical, physico-chemical and organoleptic indicators are determined. Based on the determination of the structural and mechanical properties of marshmallow masses, such as critical shear stress, degree of general deformation and density of the mass, it is proposed to reduce the duration of their whipping by increasing the rate of structure formation of the mass when using carob powder, so the complete replacement of cocoa powder with carob leads to an increase critical shear stress by 51.83 Pa and an increase in mass density by 171 kg/m3 compared to the control sample. As a result of a complex of conducted studies of physico-chemical and organoleptic quality indicators, the expediency of using the product of the processing of plant raw materials of carob in reduced-energy marshmallow products with 75% isomalt has been proven, it is recommended to completely replace cocoa powder with carob at the stage of whipping the mass. The calculated nutritional and energy value of the new marshmallow products showed a decrease in the total content of fats and carbohydrates in the developed products, an increase in the content of vegetable dietary fibers by 28% and a decrease in the energy value by 55.65 kcal. Enrichment of marshmallow products with minerals, in particular calcium, sodium and vitamins B6 and E, was noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the main trends in obtaining new types of confectionery products with a balanced composition and functional properties, the production of which is based on the use of a product of plant raw materials processing - carob. Studies on increasing the nutritional value and reducing the energy intensity of marshmallow-type whipped products with the use of carob and the sugar substitute isomalt are given. Information on the functional properties of carob, the effect of the roasting process on its quality indicators, and the possibility of using carob in the production of confectionery products to expand the range of raw ingredients and increase their nutritional value were considered. A comparative description of the nutritional and energy value of medium-roasted carob and cocoa powder is given. The article examines the influence of the product of the processing of plant raw materials of carob on the nature of the formation of the structure of marshmallow masses of reduced energy content, and their main structural-mechanical, physico-chemical and organoleptic indicators are determined. Based on the determination of the structural and mechanical properties of marshmallow masses, such as critical shear stress, degree of general deformation and density of the mass, it is proposed to reduce the duration of their whipping by increasing the rate of structure formation of the mass when using carob powder, so the complete replacement of cocoa powder with carob leads to an increase critical shear stress by 51.83 Pa and an increase in mass density by 171 kg/m3 compared to the control sample. As a result of a complex of conducted studies of physico-chemical and organoleptic quality indicators, the expediency of using the product of the processing of plant raw materials of carob in reduced-energy marshmallow products with 75% isomalt has been proven, it is recommended to completely replace cocoa powder with carob at the stage of whipping the mass. The calculated nutritional and energy value of the new marshmallow products showed a decrease in the total content of fats and carbohydrates in the developed products, an increase in the content of vegetable dietary fibers by 28% and a decrease in the energy value by 55.65 kcal. Enrichment of marshmallow products with minerals, in particular calcium, sodium and vitamins B6 and E, was noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) was identified in 3.2% of 21 463 residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, 50 years of age or older. The risk of progression to multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, AL amyloidosis or a lymphoproliferative disorder is approximately 1% per year. Low-risk MGUS is characterized by having an M protein <15 g/l, IgG type and a normal free light chain (FLC) ratio. Patients should be followed with serum protein electrophoresis at six months and, if stable, can be followed every 2-3 years or when symptoms suggestive of a plasma cell malignancy arise. Patients with intermediate and high-risk MGUS should be followed in 6 months and then annually for life. The risk of smoldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma (SMM) progressing to multiple myeloma or a related disorder is 10% per year for the first 5 years, 3% per year for the next 5 years and 1-2% per year for the next 10 years. Testing should be done 2-3 months after the initial recognition of SMM. If the results are stable, the patient should be followed every 4-6 months for 1 year and, if stable, every 6-12 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The international staging system (ISS) for multiple myeloma (MM) is a validated alternative to the Durie-Salmon staging system (DSS) for predicting survival at diagnosis. We compared these staging systems for predicting outcomes after upfront autologous stem cell transplantation by analyzing the outcomes of 729 patients between 1995 and 2002. With a median follow-up of 56 months, the univariate probabilities (95% CI) of non-relapse mortality (NRM), relapse, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) at 5 years were 7, 68, 25 and 52%, respectively. The median OS for stages I, II, III by DSS and ISS were 82, 68, 50 and 64, 68, 45 months, respectively. The concordance between the two staging systems was only 36%. Staging systems were formally compared using Cox models fit with DSS and ISS stages. The relative risks of PFS and OS were significantly different for stages I vs II and II vs III for DSS, but only for stages II vs III for ISS. Although both systems were predictive of PFS and OS, the DSS was superior in formal statistical comparison using Brier score. However, neither system was strongly predictive of outcomes, indicating the need for newer schemes incorporating other prognostic markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary:The role of autologous stem cell transplantation (AuSCT) in older multiple myeloma patients is unclear. Using data from the Autologous Blood and Marrow Transplant Registry, we compared the outcome of 110 patients ?the age of 60 (median 63; range 60-73) years, undergoing AuSCT with that of 382 patients <60 (median 52; range 30-59) years. The two groups were similar except that older patients had a higher ß2-microglobulin level at diagnosis (P=0.016) and fewer had lytic lesions (P=0.007). Day 100 mortality was 6% (95% confidence interval 4-9) and 1-year treatment-related mortality (TRM) was 9% (6-13) in patients <60 years, compared with 5% (2-10) and 8% (4-14), respectively, in patients ?60 years. The relapse rate, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the two groups were also similar. Multivariate analysis of all patients identified only an interval from diagnosis to AuSCT >12 months and the use of two prior chemotherapy regimens within 6 months of AuSCT as adverse prognostic factors. Our results indicate that AuSCT can be safely performed in selected older patients: the best results were observed in patients undergoing AuSCT relatively early in their disease course.Bone Marrow Transplantation (2003) 32, 1135-1143. doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1704288 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study which compared the efficacy and costs of valacyclovir in preventing Herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation among HSV seropositive autologous progenitor cell transplantation patients with historical controls in whom intravenous acyclovir or no HSV prophylaxis were used. Background on on HSV; Methodology; Results.

Although patients with relapsed Hodgkin’s disease have a poor prognosis with conventional therapies, high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autotransplantation) may provide long-term progression-free survival. We reviewed data from the Autologous Blood and Marrow Transplant Registry (ABMTR) to determine relapse, disease-free survival, overall survival, and prognostic factors in this group of patients. Detailed records from the ABMTR on 414 patients with Hodgkin’s disease in first relapse (n = 295) or second complete remission (CR) (n = 119) receiving an autotransplant from 1989 to 1995 were reviewed. Median age was 29 (range, 7–64) years. Median time from diagnosis to relapse was 18 (range, 6–219) months; median time from relapse to transplant was 5 (range, <1–215) months. Most patients received high-dose chemotherapy without total body irradiation for conditioning (n = 370). The most frequently used high-dose regimen was cyclophosphamide, BCNU, VP-16 (CBV) (n = 240). The graft consisted of bone marrow (n = 246), blood stem cells (n = 112), or both (n = 56). Median follow-up was 46 (range, 5–96) months. One hundred-day mortality (95% confidence interval) was 7 (5–9)%. One hundred and sixty-five of 295 patients (56%) transplanted in relapse achieved CR after autotransplantation. Of these, 61 (37%) recurred. Twenty-four of 119 patients (20%) transplanted in CR recurred. The probability of disease-free survival at 3 years was 46 (40–52)% for transplants in first relapse and 64 (53–72)% for those in second remission (P < 0.001). Overall survival at 3 years was 58 (52–64)% after transplantation in first relapse and 75 (66–83)% after transplantation in second CR (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, Karnofsky performance score <90% at transplant, abnormal serum LDH at transplant, and chemotherapy resistance were adverse prognostic factors for outcome.... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]