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BACKGROUND RESULTS CONCLUSION Pediococcus acidilactici is an effective adsorbent for removing of pyrethroid insecticides. This study investigated the biosorption characteristics and mechanisms of P. acidilactici D15 using adsorption measurement, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Isotherm and kinetic models were used to analyze the biosorption process.The Langmuir isotherm model best described the cypermethrin biosorption process, with the maximum adsorption capacity of P. acidilactici D15 being 21.404 mg/g. The biosorption appeared to involve monolayer coverage with uniform forces. The pseudo‐second‐order model also fits well. The rate‐controlling steps involved intraparticle diffusion, film diffusion and chemosorption. The main cellular components involved in cypermethrin biosorption were exopolysaccharides, spheroplast, and cell wall, especially peptidoglycan. The functional groups (–OH, –NH, –CH3, –CH2, –CH, –CONH–, –CO, and –C–O–C–) from proteins, polysaccharides, and peptidoglycan on the cell surface likely played a role in binding cypermethrin. Additionally, P. acidilactici D15 effectively reduced cypermethrin in pickle wastewater.These findings suggest that P. acidilactici D15 could be a potential agent for reducing pesticide residues, laying the groundwork for treating pickle wastewater containing such pesticide residues. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beta-lactoglobulin is considered to be the major allergenic protein in milk. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) possess a protein hydrolysis system that holds great promise for hydrolyzing β-LG and reducing its allergenicity. Therefore, this study aimed to screen LAB with β-LG hydrolysis activity from Yunnan traditional fermented foods. The results showed that Pediococcus pentosaceus C1001, Pediococcus acidilactici E1601–1, and Lactobacillus paracasei E1601–2 could effectively hydrolyze β-LG and further reduce its sensitization (more than 40%). All 3 LAB hydrolyzed β-LG allergenic fragments V41–K60 and L149–I162. Moreover, they encode a variety of genes related to proteolysis, such as aminopeptidase pepC and pepN , proline peptidase pepIP and endopeptidase pepO ; L. paracasei also E1601–2 contains extracellular protease coding gene prtP. They also encode a variety of genes associated with hydrolyzed proteins. The 3 strains screened in this study can be used to develop hypoallergenic dairy products. The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the remarkable impact of fermented cereals such as sorghum, maize, and wheat with Pediococcus acidilactici WS07, a strain isolated from Ethiopia's traditional borde beverage. The fermented cereal extracts were thoroughly evaluated for antioxidant activity, inhibition of pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase, metabolite identification through UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, and in vivo efficacy using the C. elegans model. The results revealed significant enhancements in the bioactive compounds of fermented cereals, demonstrating promising directions for obesity prevention strategies. Notably, the fermented sorghum extracts improved lipase (88.23 %) and α-glucosidase (85.62 %) inhibitory activities compared to its unfermented counterparts. The antioxidant properties of all fermented samples were confirmed through improved DPPH (67.77–71.86 %) and ABTS (59.91–65.49 %) scavenging activities. Fermentation also led to a notable increase in polyphenols and flavonoids, with detailed metabolite analysis revealing a dynamic shift in the composition of these bioactive compounds. Additionally, C. elegans indicates that fermented extracts extend lifespan, reduce lipid accumulation, and lower triglycerides, highlighting their potential as functional foods for health enhancement and obesity management. This study not only underscores the efficacy of P. acidilactici WS07 fermentation in transforming cereals into nutrient-rich functional foods but also provides insight into how microbial fermentation can unlock the health-promoting potential of traditional diets. [Display omitted] • Fermented sorghum extracts inhibited lipase (88.23 %) and α-glucosidase (85.62 %). • Fermented extracts showed superior antioxidant properties vs. unfermented. • Fermented sorghum and sorghum-maize extended lifespan, reduced lipids in C. elegans. • P. acidilactici WS07-fermented sorghum can be used to develop anti-obesity foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some potentially probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast that inhabit the digestive tract of humans are known to detoxify xenobiotics, including acrylamide (AA). The objective of the subsequent research was to evaluate the AA-detoxification capability of LAB and yeast isolated from various sources. Namely, the effect of AA was tested on the growth of LAB and yeast strains, as well in the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Subsequently, the AA-binding ability of LAB and yeast was investigated in various environments, including the pH, incubation temperature, cell density, and with inanimate cells. The ability of selected LAB and yeast to reduce the genotoxicity of AA was tested on Caco-2 and Hep-G2 cell lines. The results showed that all tested strains exhibited strong resistance to AA at concentrations of 5, 10, and 50 µg/mL. Also, AA was detected in the intracellular and membrane extracts of tested strains. The most effective binding strain was Pediococcus acidilactici 16 at pH = 5, cell density = 109 CFU/mL, and incubation temperature = 37 °C (87.6% of AA removed). Additionally, all tested strains reduced the genotoxicity of AA, with the greatest reduction observed at the highest concentration of 50 µg/mL. The phenomena of detoxification by potentially probiotic strains could reduce the toxic and harmful effects of AA exposure to humans every day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study reports the potential of cell-free supernatant (CFS) from different probiotics for its antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against Multi-Drug Resistant Diarrheal E. coli (MDR-DEC) strains. The CFS from Pediococcus acidilactici 100 exhibited maximum antimicrobial activity with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 23.33 mg/mL and 33.33 mg/mL, respectively. The CFS was able to inhibit the process of biofilm formation as well as eradication of preformed biofilms by 72–73%. A complete disintegration of aggregation of cells was observed in treated biofilms through advanced microscopic techniques. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed a decrease in roughness (30%) and height of treated biofilms (2–17%). Organic acids, fatty acids, phenolic compounds and other derivatives were determined in CFS fractions using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. The findings demonstrated the potential of CFS components from Pediococci strains against biofilms of MDR-DEC strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current trial was designed to evaluate the positive impacts of different feed additives singly or in combination on the growth performance, nutritional parameters, intestinal histology, and gene expression of some growth and fat metabolism-related genes in the liver tissue of Nile tilapia. The experimented fish were allocated into eight groups in a glass aquarium (10 fish/aquarium in triplicate) with Pediococcus acidilactici, nanozeolites, and/or medium-chain fatty acid additives. The studied treatments were control (T0), nanozeolite (T1), Pediococcus (T2), medium-chain fatty acid (T3), nanozeolite + Pediococcus (T4), nanozeolite + medium-chain fatty acid (T5), Pediococcus + medium-chain fatty acid (T6), and nanozeolite + Pediococcus + medium-chain fatty acid (T7). The results of the growth and nutritional parameters (i.e., final body weight, total weight gain, feed intake, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio) of tilapia-fed diets supplemented with Pediococcus, nanozeolites, and medium-chain fatty acids improved, but the combination of these additives was significantly more effective. Moreover, expression of growth hormone receptor 1 gene was upregulated (P ≤ 0.05) in T7 fish when compared with T0, other groups showing intermediate values. Expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 was upregulated (P ≤ 0.05) in T5, T6, and T7 fish when compared with the other groups. The expression of the fatty acid-binding protein was higher in T6 and T7 fish (P ≤ 0.05) when compared with T0, T1, and T3 fish. In conclusion, combined additives had significant effects on improving growth and regulating growth-related genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of lignocellulosic biomass to create natural flavor has drawn attention from researchers. A key flavoring ingredient that is frequently utilized in the food industry is vanillin. In this present study, Pediococcus acidilactici PA VIT effectively involved in the production of bio-vanillin by using Ferulic acid as an intermediate with a yield of 11.43 µg/mL. The bio-vanillin produced by Pediococcus acidilactici PA VIT was examined using FTIR, XRD, HPLC, and SEM techniques. These characterizations exhibited a unique fingerprinting signature like that of standard vanillin. Additionally, the one variable at a time method, placket Burmann method, and response surface approach, were employed to optimize bio-vanillin. Based on the central composite rotary design, the most important process factors were determined such as agitation speed, substrate concentration, and inoculum size. After optimization, bio-vanillin was found to have tenfold increase, with a maximum yield of 376.4 µg/mL obtained using the response surface approach. The kinetic study was performed to analyze rate of reaction and effect of metal ions in the production of bio-vanillin showing Km of 10.25, and Vmax of 1250 were required for the reaction. The metal ions that enhance the yield of bio-vanillin are Ca2+, k+, and Mg2+ and the metal ions that affects the yield of bio-vanillin are Pb+ and Cr+ were identified from the effect of metal ions in the bio-vanillin production. • Identification and characterization of Pediococcus Acidilactici capable of catalyzing the production of bio vanillin. • Optimization of fermentation conditions to enhance the biotransformation efficiency and yield of vanillin. • Evaluating bio-vanillin produced through biotransformation, demonstrating its suitability for various applications. • A detailed kinetic study, shedding light on the reaction rates involved in the process of bio vanillin production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bio-protection is one of the most popular natural protection methods to control food safety and shelf life. Lactic acid bacteria, especially Lactobacilli strains, are used in the food industry for this purpose due to their probiotic properties and, accordingly, bioprotective properties. We aimed to investigate the role of the bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus sakei and Pediococcus acidilactici in inducing microbiological, physicochemical, and chemical changes in the Turkish-style fermented sausage sucuk. The effects of protective cultures were compared with those of commercial starter cultures consisting of Pediococcus pentosaceus + Staphylococcus carnosus; a non-cultured group was used as a control. L. sakei inoculation and, to a lower extent, P. acidilactici inoculation resulted in the rapid domination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the environment, whereas commercially used starter cultures and the non-cultured group showed lower counts of LAB. Moreover, L. sakei and P. acidilactici succeeded in inhibiting pathogens including S. aureus, E. coli, and Enterobacteriaceae. The number of enterococci decreased notably in the L. sakei-inoculated sucuk samples; however, an increase was determined in the samples inoculated with P. acidilactici. On the other side, the effect of commercial starter cultures was not sufficient for the inhibition of food-borne pathogens in the sucuk samples. Consequently, the inoculation of protective cultures, particularly of L. sakei, can provide a considerable contribution to improving microbial quality and food safety, retarding lipid oxidation, and increasing proteolytic activities in sucuk without important changes in its sensory properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to isolate and identify the dominant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the silage of Cyperus esculentus L., so as to provide favourable LAB resources for improving the silage quality of Cyperus esculentus L. Eight LAB strains were finally isolated and identified by microbial culture and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The eight isolated LAB strains were used for the silage test of Cyperus esculentus L, and the nutritional components were measured at 3, 7, 15, 30, 60 days of the silage process. The results showed that H1 and H7 were Lactobacillus plantarum, M7, M13 and M15 were Pediococcus acidilactici, M1 and M11 were Enterococcus faecalis, and R12 was Weissella paramesenteroides. Except for Pediococcus acidilactici, which could not grow at pH value of 3, the other three strains all exhibited strong acid and salt tolerance, had a broad temperature adaptation range, and feature a variety of fermentable carbon sources. The silage of Cyperus esculentus L. made with the eight isolated strains of LAB had a high crude protein content, and low levels of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, which had good nutritional quality. The study indicates that the study can provide strain resources for the preparation of Cyperus esculentus L. silage additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fermenting fruit juices with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a sustainable method to enhance fruit harvests and extend shelf life. This study focused on blackberries, rich in antioxidants with proven health benefits. In this research, we examined the effects of fermentation (48 h at 37 °C) at 28 days on whey-supplemented (WH, 1:1) blackberry juice (BJ) inoculated with two LAB mixtures. Consortium 1 (BJWH/C1) included Levilactobacillus brevis, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and Pediococcus acidilactici, while consortium 2 (BJWH/C2) comprised Lacticaseibacillus casei and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus. All of the strains were previously isolated from aguamiel, pulque, and fermented milk. Throughout fermentation and storage, several parameters were evaluated, including pH, lactic acid production, viscosity, stability, reducing sugars, color, total phenolic content, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity. Both consortia showed a significant increase in LAB count (29–38%) after 16 h. Sample BJWH/C2 demonstrated the best kinetic characteristics, with high regression coefficients (R2 = 0.97), indicating a strong relationship between lactic acid, pH, and fermentation/storage time. Despite some fluctuations during storage, the minimum LAB count remained at 9.8 log CFU/mL, and lactic acid content increased by 95%, with good storage stability. Notably, sample BJWH/C2 increased the total phenolic content during storage. These findings suggest that adding whey enhances biomass and preserves physicochemical properties during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a water-soluble microencapsulation method for probiotic strains using gum Arabic (GA) and skim milk (SKM) over a three-month storage period following processing. Methods: Four strains of Pediococcus acidilactici (BYF26, BYF20, BF9, and BF14) that were typical lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the chicken gut were mixed with different ratios of GA and SKM as coating agents before spray drying at an inlet temperature 140°C. After processing, the survivability and probiotic qualities of the strains were assessed from two weeks to three months of storage at varied temperatures, and de-encapsulation was performed to confirm the soluble properties. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the probiotics was assessed under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Results: As shown by scanning electron microscopy, spray-drying produced a spherical, white-yellow powder. The encapsulation efficacy (percent) was greatest for a coating containing a combination of 30% gum Arabic: 30% skim milk (w/v) (GA:SKM30) compared to lower concentrations of the two ingredients (p<0.05). Coating with GA:SKM30 (w/v) significantly enhanced (p<0.05) BYF26 survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions (pH 2.5 to 3) and maintained higher survival rates compared to non-encapsulated cells under an artificial intestinal juices condition of pH 6. De-encapsulation tests indicated that the encapsulated powder dissolved in water while keeping viable cell counts within the effective range of 106 for 6 hours. In addition, following three months storage at 4°C, microencapsulation of BYF26 in GA:SKM30 maintained both the number of viable cells (p<0.05) and the preparation's antibacterial efficacy against pathogenic bacteria, specifically strains of Salmonella. Conclusion: Our prototype water-soluble probiotic microencapsulation GA:SKM30 effectively maintains LAB characteristics and survival rates, demonstrating its potential for use in preserving probiotic strains that can be used in chickens and potentially in other livestock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining cleaner and more sustainable ecosystems by mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock through dietary manipulation is in demand. This study was aimed to assess the effect of Moringa oleifera seeds and probiotics (Pediococcus acidilactici BX-B122 and Bacillus coagulans BX-B118) as feed supplements on GHG production and fermentation profile from steers and sheep. The treatments included diets containing 0, 6, 12, and 18% of M. oleifera seeds meal and a mixture of probiotic bacteria (0.2 ml/g of diet). Total biogas production, CH4, CO, and H2S emission from animals (up to 48 h), rumen fermentation profile, and CH4 conversion efficiency were recorded using standard protocols. Results showed interaction among M. oleifera seeds and probiotics on asymptotic biogas production and total biogas production up to 48 h (P < 0.05). The rate of CH4 emission in steers was reduced from 0.1694 to 0.0447 ml/h using 6 and 18% of M. oleifera seeds (P < 0.05). Asymptotic CO and the rate of CO production were increased (P < 0.05) by supplementing different doses of M. oleifera seeds and probiotics. Adding 12% of M. oleifera seeds and probiotics reduced H2S production from 0.0675 to 0.0112 ml H2S/g DM (at 48 h of fermentation) in steers. In sheep, the additives mitigated H2S production from 0.0364 to 0.0029 ml H2S/g DM (at 48 h of fermentation), however there were not interaction (P = 0.7744). In addition, M. oleifera seeds and probiotics reduced the pH level and dry matter degradability (DMD) in steers and sheep (P < 0.0001) showing a positive impact on CH4:ME and CH4:OM (in steers) and CH4:SCFA (in sheep), while the interaction was not significant (P > 0.05) for CH4:SCFA (in steers) and CH4:ME and CH4:OM (in sheep). In conclusion, the interaction of M. oleifera seeds and probiotics in the feeding diet reduced GHG emissions and affected the fermentation profile of steers and sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining cleaner and more sustainable ecosystems by mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock through dietary manipulation is in demand. This study was aimed to assess the effect of Moringa oleifera seeds and probiotics (Pediococcus acidilactici BX-B122 and Bacillus coagulans BX-B118) as feed supplements on GHG production and fermentation profile from steers and sheep. The treatments included diets containing 0, 6, 12, and 18% of M. oleifera seeds meal and a mixture of probiotic bacteria (0.2 ml/g of diet). Total biogas production, CH4, CO, and H2S emission from animals (up to 48 h), rumen fermentation profile, and CH4 conversion efficiency were recorded using standard protocols. Results showed interaction among M. oleifera seeds and probiotics on asymptotic biogas production and total biogas production up to 48 h (P < 0.05). The rate of CH4 emission in steers was reduced from 0.1694 to 0.0447 ml/h using 6 and 18% of M. oleifera seeds (P < 0.05). Asymptotic CO and the rate of CO production were increased (P < 0.05) by supplementing different doses of M. oleifera seeds and probiotics. Adding 12% of M. oleifera seeds and probiotics reduced H2S production from 0.0675 to 0.0112 ml H2S/g DM (at 48 h of fermentation) in steers. In sheep, the additives mitigated H2S production from 0.0364 to 0.0029 ml H2S/g DM (at 48 h of fermentation), however there were not interaction (P = 0.7744). In addition, M. oleifera seeds and probiotics reduced the pH level and dry matter degradability (DMD) in steers and sheep (P < 0.0001) showing a positive impact on CH4:ME and CH4:OM (in steers) and CH4:SCFA (in sheep), while the interaction was not significant (P > 0.05) for CH4:SCFA (in steers) and CH4:ME and CH4:OM (in sheep). In conclusion, the interaction of M. oleifera seeds and probiotics in the feeding diet reduced GHG emissions and affected the fermentation profile of steers and sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why was the work done: To measure the heat resistance of three vegetative bacteria in buffer (pH 4), alcoholic and alcohol-free beer. To verify that Pediococcus acidilactici ATCC 8042 and Lactobacillus brevis BSO 566 are as heat resistant as previously reported and to establish if Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 could have application in validation studies for the pasteurisation of beer. How was the work done: The heat resistance of L. brevis, P. acidilactici and E. faecium in buffer, alcoholic and alcohol-free beer was determined using two approaches - capillary test tubes and flask method. What are the main findings: E. faecium was the most heat resistant microorganism in all three liquids. D values were significantly greater, and z-values were similar or significantly greater than the corresponding values of L. brevis and P. acidilactici. Why is the work important: E. faecium is used in the food industry as a pathogenic surrogate for the validation of thermal and nonthermal processes. The work reported here suggests that E. faecium can also be used for the validation of pasteurisation of beer. Its high z-value suggests that at higher pasteurisation temperatures (>65°C) it may be more resistant than yeast ascospores and could therefore be used as an indicator for flash pasteurisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the impact of pre-freezing techniques on the quality and storage stability of probiotics. Pediococcus acidilactici CCFM6432, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CN2018, and Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1025 were subjected to freezing at −80 °C and −196 °C using liquid nitrogen, respectively. The results indicated that liquid nitrogen pre-freezing did not cause cell death during the freezing phase. Following lyophilization, liquid nitrogen pre-freezing did not affect the survival rates of P. acidilactici CCFM6432 and L. plantarum CN2018; however, it significantly decreased the survival rate of B. breve CCFM1025 (p < 0.05). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed that liquid nitrogen pre-freezing increased the melting enthalpy of the cell suspension. A linear correlation between the bacterial cell survival rate and moisture content was observed, with survival rates at the pre-freezing temperature of −196 °C slightly lower than those at −80 °C. Liquid nitrogen granulation pre-freezing enhanced the storage stability of B. breve CCFM1025. This research offers valuable insights into the potential development of pre-freezing techniques for application in the food industry to enhance the quality and storage stability of probiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shrimp aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing food production sectors in the world, due to its economic importance and ability to meet the protein needs of a growing population. However, bacterial and fungal infection has caused significant problems in the shrimp sector which instigated enormous economic loss for the main producer countries. Probiotic feed additives can enhance the gut health benefits and immune status of shrimp, thus boosting the growth, production efficacy, and disease resistance. Thereafter, the effects of different levels of dietary probiotic, Pediococcus acidilactici (PA), on growth performance, feed consumption, immunological response, antioxidant activities, and disease resistance in Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles against the pathogen, Fusarium solani, were investigated in this study. In 12 hapas (4 treatments × 3 replicates), 240 L. vannamei juveniles (4.0 ± 0.03 g) were randomly allocated into four treatments (T0 = 0 g PA/kg as control, T1 = 2.0 g PA/kg, T2 = 2.5 g PA/kg, and T3 = 3.0 g PA/kg of diet). The results provided that all PA-supplemented groups had considerably higher growth performance (final body weight, weight gains, and percentages), the final number, shrimp biomass (m3), survival rate, and feed intake (p < 0.05) than the control, with T3 being much higher. Regarding the body chemical composition, protein percentage was increased significantly in T3, while lipid was decreased significantly by dietary PA inclusion (p < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR, ↓) and nonspecific immune responses (↑), beneficial bacteria were improved significantly by dietary PA supplementation (p < 0.05). When challenged with the fungus F. solani, shrimp treated with dietary PA had significantly (p < 0.05) decreased fatality rates. Overall, the current investigation discovered that high doses of dietary PA increased growth status, feed utilization, gut microbiota, and health status of L. vannamei and disease resistance against F. solani. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Higher doses and longer treatment durations of C. laurifolius extract on MCF-7 cells led to induced cell cytotoxicty and DNA synthesis, resulting in apoptotic cell. • Notable efficacy was observed against Gram-positive bacteria compared to Gram-negative bacteria. • The results suggest that C. laurifolius extract holds promise as an antiproliferative and antimicrobial agent. • The study contributes to advancing the understanding of C. laurifolius' therapeutic properties. Cistus laurifolius L. is commonly used in Turkish folk medicine for the treatment of ulcers and various types of pain. In this study, the cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of C. laurifolius extract on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, as well as its antimicrobial activity against eight microorganisms (Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, S. typhimurium, and Pediococcus acidilactici) were investigated. Different concentrations (100 µg/mL, 250 µg/mL, 500 µg/mL, and 1000 µg/mL) of the plant extract were applied for 24, 48, and 72 h, and its effects were determined using MTT, BrdU, and in situ apoptosis detection assays on human breast cancer cell MCF-7. Prolonged high-dose application of C. laurifolius extract led to decreased cell viability, inhibition of DNA synthesis, and induction of apoptosis. Its potential to induce cell death, which is the most desirable pathway for cancer treatment, is noteworthy alongside its cytotoxic activity. The antimicrobial effect of C. laurifolius extract varied depending on the Gram reaction of the microorganisms, with the extract being more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. In conclusion, the C. laurifolius extract exhibits cytotoxic, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has identified certain bio-based products, such as probiotics, as alternatives to antibiotics for use in animal feed. They are capable of controlling, preventing or minimizing the colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by pathogenic bacteria. To isolate Pediococcus spp. and assess its technological properties for possible probiotic development, maize and pearl millet were used. The cereals were steeped and wet milled after 48 h of fermentation. The milled cereals were kneaded into dough for 24 h, after which a 10% slurry was prepared for tenfold serial dilution to enumerate the LAB by employing pour plate techniques using MRS Agar. Based on the cell morphology of the isolated bacteria, eight isolates (four from maize and four from millet) that were selected for identification using MALDI-TOF MS showed that five were Pediococcus pentosaceus (P. pentosaceus), one was Pediococcus acidilactici, and two did not match any organism. Subsequently, the six isolates were labeled as MZ1, MZ2, MZ3, MZ4 for the maize isolate and MLT5 and MLT7 for the millet isolate. The six Pediococcus spp. were assessed in vitro for acid and bile salt tolerance, gastric juice and intestinal fluid tolerance and antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed, and the survivability rate of the strains was calculated. With regard to the mean count, there was a reduction in log10 CFU/mL under the lower pH conditions and their duration of exposure with regard to time. Among the isolates, no differences were noted at the various periods of exposure (0 h, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h) at pH 4 (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were noted at pH 3, 2 and 1 among the isolates (p < 0.05). The percentage survival of MZ4 and MLT7 at pH 1 was higher compared to the other isolates at 0 h. Significant differences were observed among the isolated at pH 2, 3 and 4 across the various periods. The mean count of the isolates in gastric juice was similar at 0 and 1 h, but significant differences were noted at 2 and 3 h, where MLT7 was highest (p < 0.05). A similar trend was observed for percentage survival. The mean count and the percentage survival of isolates under different concentrations of bile salt were similar. Significant differences were noted among isolates in both mean count and percentage survival when exposed to intestinal fluid (p < 0.05). All of the isolates were highly tolerant to the antibiotics tested and possessed antibacterial properties against the selected pathogens. The LABs proved to be good probiotic materials, according to the results obtained. However, the Pediococcus strain MLT7 proved to be the LAB of choice; therefore, its molecular identity was verified using the 16S rRNA sequence and was labeled as Pediococcus pentosaceus GT001 after it was discovered to have 100% similarity with some strains of Pediococcus pentosaceus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The close link between intestinal microbiota and bone health ('gut-bone' axis) has recently been revealed: the modulation of the amount and nature of bacteria present in the intestinal tract has an impact on bone health and calcium (Ca) metabolism. Probiotics are known to favorably impact the intestinal microbiota. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Pediococcus acidilactici CNCM I-4622 (PA) on laying performance, egg/eggshell quality, Ca metabolism and bone mineralization and resistance in relatively old layers (50 wks old at the beginning of the experiment) during 14 weeks. 480 Hy Line brown layers were divided into 2 groups (CON and PA: 3 layers/rep, 80 rep/group) and fed with a diet formulated to be suboptimal in calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) (− 10% of the requirements). The total egg weight was improved by 1.1% overall with PA, related to an improvement of the weight of marketable eggs (+ 0.9%). PA induced a decreased % of downgraded eggs, mainly broken eggs (− 0.4 pts) and FCR improvement (− 0.8% for all eggs, − 0.9% for marketable eggs). PA also led to higher Haugh units (HU: + 7.4%). PA tended to decrease crypt depth after the 14 weeks of supplementation period in the jejunum (− 25.2%) and ileum (− 17.6%). As a consequence, the VH/CD ratio appeared increased by PA at the end of the trial in the jejunum (+ 63.0%) and ileum (+ 48.0%). Ca and P retention were increased by 4 pts following PA supplementation, translating into increased bone hardness (+ 19%), bone cohesiveness (+ 43%) and bone Ca & P (+ 1 pt) for PA-supplemented layers. Blood Ca and P were respectively improved by 5% and 12% with PA. In addition, blood calcitriol and osteocalcin concentrations were respectively improved by + 83% and + 3% in PA group at the end of the trial, compared to CON group. There was no difference between the 2 groups for ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and PTH (parathyroid hormone). PA significantly decreased the expression of the following genes: occludin in the small intestine, calbindin 1 in the ovarian tissue and actin B in the bone. PA therefore improved zootechnical performance of these relatively old layers, and egg quality. The parallel increase in Ca and P in the blood and in the bone following PA supplementation suggests an improvement of the mineral supply for eggshell formation without impacting bone integrity, and even increasing bone resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spontaneous fermentation of cereals like millet involves a diverse population of microbes from various sources, including raw materials, processing equipment, fermenting receptacles, and the environment. Here, we present data on the predominant microbial species and their succession at each stage of the Hausa koko production process from five regions of Ghana. The isolates were enumerated using selective media, purified, and phenotypically characterised. The LAB isolates were further characterised by 16S rRNA Sanger sequencing, typed using (GTG)5 repetitive-PCR, and whole genome sequencing, while 28S rRNA Sanger sequencing was performed for yeast identification. The pH of the millet grains ranged from mean values of 6.02—6.53 to 3.51—3.99 in the final product, depending on the processors. The mean LAB and yeast counts increased during fermentation then fell to final counts of log 2.77–3.95 CFU/g for LAB and log 2.10–2.98 CFU/g for yeast in Hausa koko samples. At the various processing stages, the counts of LAB and yeast revealed significant variations (p < 0.0001). The species of LAB identified in this study were Limosilactobacillus pontis, Pediococcus acidilactici, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Schleiferilactobacillus harbinensis, and Weissella confusa. The yeasts were Saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia kudriavzevii, Clavispora lusitaniae and Candida tropicalis. The identification and sequencing of these novel isolates and how they change during the fermentation process will pave the way for future controlled fermentation, safer starter cultures, and identifying optimal stages for starter culture addition or nutritional interventions. These LAB and yeast species are linked to many indigenous African fermented foods, potentially acting as probiotics in some cases. This result serves as the basis for further studies into the technological and probiotic potential of these Hausa koko microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Excessive alcohol consumption has been consistently linked to serious adverse health effects, particularly affecting the liver. One natural defense against the detrimental impacts of alcohol is provided by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which detoxify harmful alcohol metabolites. Recent studies have shown that certain probiotic strains, notably Lactobacillus spp., possess alcohol resistance and can produce these critical enzymes. Incorporating these probiotics into alcoholic beverages represents a pioneering approach that can potentially mitigate the negative health effects of alcohol while meeting evolving consumer preferences for functional and health-centric products. Results: Five lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates were identified: Lactobacillus paracasei Alc1, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus AA, Pediococcus acidilactici Alc3, Lactobacillus paracasei Alc4, and Pediococcus acidilactici Alc5. Assessment of their alcohol tolerance, safety, adhesion ability, and immunomodulatory effects identified L. rhamnosus AA as the most promising alcohol-tolerant probiotic strain. This strain also showed high production of ADH and ALDH. Whole genome sequencing analysis revealed that the L. rhamnosus AA genome contained both the adh (encoding for ADH) and the adhE (encoding for ALDH) genes. Conclusions: L. rhamnosus AA, a novel probiotic candidate, showed notable alcohol resistance and the capability to produce enzymes essential for alcohol metabolism. This strain is a highly promising candidate for integration into commercial alcoholic beverages upon completion of comprehensive safety and functionality evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) are a species of growing interest for commercial aquaculture. Effective health monitoring is crucial to the successful growout of the species, and prophylactic and therapeutic use of chemicals and antibiotics has been the traditional strategy for promoting stock health. However, concerns about antimicrobial resistance, chemical residues in seafood products and the environment, and resultant immunosuppression have prompted the industry to identify alternative management strategies, including supplementation with prebiotics, probiotics, and combinations of both (synbiotics). The objectives of this study are to determine and compare hematological, plasma biochemical, and plasma protein electrophoresis data of synbiotic‐supplemented (β‐glucan and Pediococcus acidilactici) and non‐supplemented Florida pompano. Reference intervals for blood analytes are provided for both groups and for subgroups (females, males, large, and small fish) where statistically significant results exist. There are no differences between the hematological and plasma biochemistry analytes between the supplemented and control groups, except for blood urea nitrogen and carbon dioxide, indicating a possible effect of synbiotic supplementation on gill function and osmoregulation. Sex‐related and size‐related differences are observed within each of the control and supplemented groups; however, biometric measurements do not strongly correlate with blood analytes. These data represent baseline hematological and plasma biochemical data in the Florida pompano and indicate the safety of synbiotic supplementation in this commercially important species. This study serves to further the commercialization of Florida pompano by providing blood analyte reference intervals for health monitoring in the aquaculture setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fermented microbiota is critical to the formation of microenvironment and metabolic profiles in spontaneous fermentation. Microorganisms generate a diverse array of metabolites concurrent with the release of heat energy. In the case of Daqu fermentation, the peak temperature exceeded 60°C, forming a typical high-temperature fermentation system known as high-temperature Daqu. However, microorganisms that cause the quality variation in Daqu and how they affect the functional microbiota and microenvironment in the fermentation process are not yet clear. This study adopted high-throughput sequencing and monitored the dynamic fluctuations of metabolites and environmental factors to identify the pivotal microorganism responsible for the alterations in interaction patterns of functional keystone taxa and quality decline in the fermentation system of different operational areas during the in situ fermentation process that had been mainly attributed to operational taxonomic unit (OTU)_22 (Pediococcus acidilactici). Additionally, we used isothermal microcalorimetry, plate inhibition experiments, and in vitro simulation fermentation experiments to explore the impact of Pediococcus spp. on heat generation, microorganisms, and metabolite profiles. Results showed the heat peak generated by Pediococcus spp. was significantly lower than that of Bacillus spp., filamentous fungi, and yeast. In addition, the preferential growth of P. acidilactici strain AA3 would obviously affect other strains to colonize through competition, and its metabolites made a significant impact on filamentous fungi. The addition of P. acidilactici strain AA3 in simulated fermentation would cause the loss of pyrazines and acids in metabolites. These evidences showed that the overgrowth of Pediococcus spp. greatly influenced the formation of high temperatures and compounds in solid-state fermentation systems. Our work illustrated the vital impact of interaction variability mediated by Pediococcus spp. for microbial assembly and metabolites, as well as in forming temperature. These results emphasized the functional role of Daqu microbiota in metabolites and heat production and the importance of cooperation in improving the fermentation quality. IMPORTANCE The stable and high-quality saccharifying and fermenting starter in traditional solid-state fermentation was the prerequisite for liquor brewing. An imbalance of microbial homeostasis in fermentation can adversely impact production quality. Identification of such critical microorganisms and verifying their associations with other fermentation parameters pose a challenge in a traditional fermentation environment. To enhance the quality of spontaneous fermented products, strategies such as bioaugmentation or the control of harmful microorganisms would be employed. This work started with the differences in high-temperature Daqu metabolites to explore a series of functional microorganisms that could potentially contribute to product disparities, and found that the differences in interactions facilitated directly or indirectly by Pediococcus spp. seriously affected the development of microbial communities and metabolites, as well as the formation of the microenvironment. This study not only identified functional microbiota in Daqu that affected fermentation quality, but also demonstrated how microorganisms interact to affect the fermentation system, which would provide guidance for microbial supervision in the actual production process. Besides, the application of isothermal microcalorimetry in this study was helpful for us to understand the heat production capacity of microorganisms and their adaptability to the environment. This study presented a commendable framework for improving and controlling the quality of traditional fermentation and inspired further investigations in similar systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding of probiotic health benefits resulted in their increased consumption worldwide. Strategies are being developed to protect them from harsh gastrointestinal conditions. Encapsulation is preferred because of its positive effect on probiotic survival. Pediococcus acidilactici NCDC 252 is a systematically studied LAB and enhancing its survivability while enteric delivery was the aim of this study. Meta-analysis indicated chitosan as most suitable with highest encapsulation efficiency (EE). Different parameters for encapsulation were optimised using Response surface methodology (RSM) and also in-vitro. NCDC 252 was encapsulated using extrusion method in chitosan (1%) using sodium hydroxide (10%) with recorded EE of 89.9%. ANOVA of %EE suggested significant F- (88605.97) and p value (< 0.0001). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed beads as uniform and with diameter of 1.89 mm. In-vitro survivability studies under simulated gastrointestinal conditions revealed improved survival of NCDC 252 with survival rate of 59.6% and 68.4% in gastric (pH 1.5) and intestinal (pH 7.2) conditions, respectively. It's count was maintained above recommended value (107 viable CFU/ml) even after sequential incubation in gastric and intestinal conditions. Chitosan encapsulation improved survival of NCDC 252 in simulated gastrointestinal conditions and thus seems to be acceptable for achieving improved viability during enteric delivery. [Display omitted] • Meta-analysis shows chitosan as most suitable encapsulating material. • NCDC 252 probiotic was encapsulated in chitosan with efficiency of 89.9%. • Glutaraldehyde treatment improved integrity of chitosan beads. • Beads were of uniform size and spherical with diameter of 1.89 mm. • Encapsulation improved survivability under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD), affecting many elders worldwide, is characterized by A-beta and tau-related cognitive decline. Accumulating evidence suggests that brain iron accumulation is an important characteristic of AD. However, the function and mechanism of the iron-mediated gut-brain axis on AD is still unclear. Methods: A Caenorhabditis elegans model with tau-overexpression and a high-Fe diet mouse model of cognitive impairment was used for probiotic function evaluation. With the use of qPCR, and immunoblotting, the probiotic regulated differential expression of AD markers and iron related transporting genes was determined. Colorimetric kits, IHC staining, and immunofluorescence have been performed to explore the probiotic mechanism on the development of gut-brain links and brain iron accumulation. Results: In the present study, a high-Fe diet mouse model was used for evaluation in which cognitive impairment, higher A-beta, tau and phosphorylated (p)-tau expression, and dysfunctional phosphate distribution were observed. Considering the close crosstalk between intestine and brain, probiotics were then employed to delay the process of cognitive impairment in the HFe mouse model. Pediococcus acidilactici (PA), but not Bacillus subtilis (BN) administration in HFe-fed mice reduced brain iron accumulation, enhanced global alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, accelerated dephosphorylation, lowered phosphate levels and increased brain urate production. In addition, because PA regulated cognitive behavior in HFe fed mice, we used the transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans with over-expressed human p-tau for model, and then PA fed worms became more active and longer lived than E.coli fed worms, as well as p-tau was down-regulated. These results suggest that brain iron accumulation influences AD risk proteins and various metabolites. Furthermore, PA was shown to reverse tau-induced pathogenesis via iron transporters and AP-urate interaction. Conclusions: PA administration studies demonstrate that PA is an important mediator of tau protein reduction, p-tau expression and neurodegenerative behavior both in Caenorhabditis elegans and iron-overload mice. Finally, our results provide candidates for AP modulation strategies as preventive tools for promoting brain health. 1zXKqRd2u82F96nqb8Mmwu Video Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current breast cancer treatment options are limited by drug resistance and adverse side effects, which calls for the need for alternatives or complementary remedies. Probiotic bacteria isolated from human breast milk have been shown to possess proapoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties against breast mastitis in breastfeeding mothers and are being studied as possible anticancer regimens. Thus, this study aimed at exploring the effect of lactic acid bacteria isolated from human breast milk on MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells. A total of twenty-two bacteria were isolated from four human breast milk samples. The isolates were characterized and identified using biochemical tests and Sanger sequencing, respectively. For in vitro experiments, we used isolated P. acidilactici to treat MDA-MB-231 cells, and an MTT assay was used to detect proliferation. RT-qPCR and wound healing assays were performed to determine the effect of the isolated P. acidilactici on breast cancer cytokine expression and migration. Exposure of MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells to live P. acidilactici and its cell-free supernatant (CFS) for 24 h resulted in a reduction in cancer cell viability. Also, the expression of the cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in the breast cancer cells increased following exposure to P. acidilactici and its CFS for 24 and 72 h. Additionally, the levels of the SLUG gene remained unchanged while the TWIST1 gene was upregulated following exposure of the cancer cells to bacteria, indicating that P. acidilactici may promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. Finally, the CFS significantly inhibited cancer cell mobility. These findings serve as a foundation to further investigate the usefulness of P. acidilactici as a potential therapeutic agent in breast cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The control of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) growth in dry fermented salami represents an important issue in food safety for the meat processing industry. The dry fermented salami represent ready to eat meat products (RTE) with a long shelf life. According to the Regulation (EC) no.2073/2005, Lm represents a food safety criteria for RTE products. Lm is the pathogen agent of human listeriosis, an emerging global zoonoses. The human listeriosis is one of the most severe food born disease that affects certain risk categories in the human population, mainly transmitted during consumption of contaminated food. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the effect of bioprotection cultures for dry fermented salami to control the Lm growth. The bioprotection cultures contain strains of Pediococcus acidilactici that produces pediocin, a bacteriocin with antimicrobial action against Gram positive bacteria, including Lm. The Lm counts during fermentation-smoking and ripening-drying stages highlights that the Lm number decreased by 3.2 log cfu/g during the 30 days in the batch LII, whereas the reduction in the batch LI (without bioprotection culture - the control batch) was 1,03 log cfu/g. Based on results, the use of bioprotection cultures is a useful measure to control the Lm growth for the dry fermented salami. It represents a preventive measure of human listeriosis during the food consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine the effects of the addition of lactic acid bacteria+enzyme (LBE) mixture on the fermentation characteristics and digestibility of Hungarian vetch-oat silages. An inoculant was used as additive which contains Lactobacillus plantarum CNCM l-3235, Pediococcus pentosaceus NCIMB 12455, Pediococcus acidilactici CNCM l-3237, Propionibacterium acidipropionici CNCM MA26/4U, alpha-amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, cellulase from Trichoderma reesei, xylanase from Trichoderma longibrachiatum, beta-glucanase from Aspergillus niger in its biological composition. While additive was not used for control, LBE1 and LBE2 groups were inoculated with LBE as 300 000 and 500 000 cfu/g of silage material, respectively. After 60-d of incubation, no significant difference was observed in pH values among silages, but the highest lactic acid value was detected in the LBE2 group silages (P<0.01). In vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) values of the silages were 41.65, 44.14 and 47.38% for the control, LBE1 and LBE2 groups, respectively, and it was determined that there was a linear correlation (r=0.945) between the inoculant doses and the IVNDFD values. As a result, LBE improved fermentation characteristics and IVNDFD values of the Hungarian vetch-oat mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The excessive production and accumulation of melanin in the epidermal skin layer can result in skin hyperpigmentation and darkening. Current technologies for regulating melanin are based on inhibiting melanin biosynthesis. They have low effectiveness and safety issues. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the potential role of Pediococcus acidilactici PMC48 as a probiotic strain in medicines and cosmetics for skin treatment. Materials and Methods: Meanwhile, our research team has reported that P. acidilactici PMC48 strain isolated from sesame leaf kimchi can directly decompose the already synthesized melanin. It can also inhibit melanin biosynthesis. In the present study, we investigated the skin‐whitening effect of this strain by arranging an 8‐week clinical trial with 22 participants. PMC48 was applied to each participant's artificially UV‐induced tanned skin in the clinical trial. Its whitening effect was investigated based on visual evaluation, skin brightness, and melanin index. Results: PMC48 showed a significant effect on the artificially induced pigmented skin. The color intensity of the tanned skin was decreased by 47.647%, and skin brightness was increased by 8.098% after the treatment period. PMC48 also significantly decreased the melanin index by 11.818%, indicating its tyrosinase inhibition capacity. Also, PMC48 improved skin moisture content level by 20.943%. Additionally, 16S rRNA‐based amplicon sequencing analysis showed a distinct increase in Lactobacillaceae in the skin by up to 11.2% at the family level without affecting other skin microbiota. Furthermore, it showed no toxicity in in vitro or in vivo analyses. Discussion: These results indicate that P. acidilactici PMC48 is a promising probiotic strain that can be used to develop medicines and cosmetic products to solve skin‐related problems. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that P. acidilactici PMC48 can be a potential probiotic for the cosmetic industry against different skin disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of Iranian commercial multi-strain probiotic (IMSP) or different levels of Pediococcus acidilactici (PA), isolated from Iranian camel milk, on some biological parameters in male Ross broilers. A total of 240 1-d-old chicks were divided into four groups as follows: (1) Control-Unsupplemented, (2) supplemented with MSP, (3)106 CFU PA g−1diet, (4)108 CFU PA g−1diet (4). Groups 2 and 3 exhibited a higher total growth rate and feed conversion ratio, compared to the control and group 4 (p <.05). Group 3 showed a larger villus length/crypt-depth compared to the control (p <.05). Groups 2 and 4 displayed lower and larger count of jejunal Gram (−) bacteria and Lactobacillus spp. compared to the control, respectively (p <.05). The control group showed the lowest levels of total serum protein (p <.05). Group 3 had lower blood triglycerides compared to the control and group 2 (p <.05). These results indicated that the IMSP and 106 CFU PA g−1diet can improve growth and FCR and can be used in the poultry industry of Iran. Supplementation diet with native multi-strain probiotic is useful. Pediococcus acidilactici isolated from Iranian camel milk can improve broilers performance and reduce blood triglycerides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Pediococcus acidilactici CNCM I‐4622 as a zootechnical additive (functional group: physiological condition stabilisers) for all insects. The active agent used in the additive is already authorised for use in all animal species as a technological additive, and as a zootechnical additive in all Suidae species for fattening and for breeding, other than sows, all avian species, all fish species and all crustaceans. The active agent has been identified as a strain of P. acidilactici and consequently meets the qualifications required by the qualified presumption of safety (QPS) approach. The use of the additive is considered safe for all insect species, consumers and the environment. The additive is considered non‐irritant to skin and eyes but a respiratory sensitiser. No conclusions can be drawn regarding its skin sensitisation potential. In the absence of adequate data, the FEEDAP Panel is not in the position to conclude on the efficacy of the additive as a physiological condition stabiliser for honeybees nor for all insect species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honey bees are essential pollinators for several economically important crops. In temperate countries, honey bee colonies face multiple threats during the overwintering period, such as food availability, diseases, and confinement. Beekeepers commonly use chemicals to improve colony health during winter, but these products can have a negative impact on bee health and pathogens can develop resistance to them. Thus, there is a need for further development of alternative treatments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of one endogenic bacterium (Bombella apis) and 2 commercial probiotic formulas (Bactocell and Levucell) on colony survival, spring development, and Vairimorpha (formerly Nosema) spp. spore count. Probiotic treatments were given in 1: 1 sugar syrup in October 2017 and April 2018, once a week for 2 wk. One experimental group was given Fumagilin-B, the only product approved in Canada to prevent nosemosis, once in October. The administration of 2 commercial probiotics, Bactocell (Pediococcus acidilactici) and Levucell (Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii), led to a significant increase in the number of sealed brood cells in spring. None of the probiotic treatments impacted the honey bee gut load of Vairimorpha spp. spores. The results suggest that beneficial microorganisms can improve spring development and performance of honey bee colonies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease accompanied by chronic inflammation in the pilosebaceous follicles, resulting from excessive Cutibacterium acnes. This study aimed to investigate the inhibition of biofilm formation by C. acnes ATCC 6919 using heat‐treated Pediococcus acidilactici LM1013 (HT‐LM1013), previously isolated from the Korean traditional fermented alcoholic beverage—makgeolli, and its application as a leave‐on‐type product for patients with acne vulgaris. Methods: HT‐LM1013 was prepared by Lactomason and homogenized using a high‐pressure homogenizer. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and lipase activity were evaluated for C. acnes inhibition. Inhibition of biofilm formation was demonstrated using a crystal violet solution. Damaged C. acnes was observed using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). Clinical trials were performed using a leave‐on‐type product containing HT‐LM1013. Results: HT‐LM1013 inhibited the TCA cycle (36.80%) and lipase activity using palmitate (31.89%), stearate (36.91%), and oleate (30.86%) as substrates at 1 × MIC (p < 0.01). After treatment with HT‐LM1013, concave and elongated shapes of C. acnes were observed by FE‐SEM. In addition, HT‐LM1013 inhibited biofilm formation by 71.75% at 1 × MIC (p < 0.001) and removed 73.35% of mature biofilms (p < 0.01). In the clinical trial, the leave‐on‐type product decreased the number of closed comedones from 14.04 to 10.22, open comedones from 7.22 to 4.39%, and sebum content to 76.23% at week 4 (p < 0.01). The satisfaction score of the participants was recorded 3.83 on a five‐point scale. Conclusion: HT‐LM1013 is potent for the treatment of acne vulgaris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of inflammatory bowel diseases has been widely investigated, especially ulcerative colitis. Thus, studies with the application of new probiotic products are needed in the prevention/treatment of these clinical conditions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of probiotic orange juice containing Pediococcus acidilactici CE51 in a murine model of colitis. 45 male Swiss lineage mice were used, divided into five groups (n = 9): control, colitis, colitis + probiotic (probiotic orange juice containing CE51), colitis + placebo (orange juice) and colitis + sulfasalazine (10 mg/kg/Weight). The induction of colitis was performed with dextran sodium sulfate (3%). The treatment time was 5 and 15 days after induction. Histopathological analysis, serum measurements of TNF-α and C-reactive protein and metagenomic analysis of feces were performed after euthanasia. Probiotic treatment reduced inflammation in the small intestine, large intestine and spleen. The probiotic did not alter the serum dosages of TNF-α and C-reactive protein. Their use maintained the quantitative ratio of the phylum Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and increased Lactobacillus helveticus with 15 days of treatment (p < 0.05). The probiotic orange juice containing P. acidilactici CE51 positively modulated the gut microbiota composition and attenuated the inflammation induced in colitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment was conducted to inves‐ tigate the effects of different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the intestinal flora, morphology, pH and immune organ indexes of Zi geese. A total of 90 healthy Zi geese of 28 days old with similar body weight of (875.23±33.18) g were selected and ran‐ domly divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates per group, and 10 Zi geese per replicate(half male and half female.) Zi geese in control group were fed a basal diet, and experimental groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 109 CFU/kg Lactobacillus plantarum (common LAB, group Ⅰ), 109 CFU/kg Pediococcus acidilactici (LAB isolated in our laboratory, group Ⅱ), respectively. The experimental period was 28 days. The results showed as follow: ① the number of LAB in group II was extremely significantly higher than that in group I and control group (P<0.01). The number of Escherichia coli and salmonella in group II was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). ② In jejunum, the villus height (VH) in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), the crypt depth (CD) in group Ⅱ was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05), and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V/C) in group Ⅱ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ and control group (P<0.01), the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V/C) in group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), in Ileum, the villus height (VH) and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(V/C) in group Ⅱ were significantly higher than those in group I and control group (P< 0.05). ③ The Jejunum pH in group Ⅱ was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). ④ The thymus index and bur‐ sa index in group Ⅱ were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05), and the spleen index in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in group I and control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, add‐ ing lactic acid bacteria in diets can regulate the intestinal flora balance, improve the intestinal morpholo‐ gy decrease the intestinal pH and increase the immune organ index of Zi geese, furthermore, the effect of LAB which isolated in our laboratory was better than that of common LAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combined effects of Spirulina platensis (SP) and Pediococcus acidilactici (PA) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidative status, and immune genes in zebrafish were investigated in the present study. Four experimental diets were designed: control and three test diets mixed with SP at 2.5%, PA at 107 CFU/g, or a combination of 2.5% SP and 107 CFU/g PA. After 56 days, fish treated with PA and SP mixture had higher final weight, weight gain, SGR, and lower FCR than fish fed the control and SP diets (P<0.05). The results also illustrated that fish fed PA, SP, and their mixture had higher (P<0.05) protease and amylase activities than the control. The lipase activity was significantly higher in fish treated with PA or the mixture of PA and SP than in the control (P<0.05). The alternative complement pathway (ACH50) and lysozyme activity in the mucus samples of fish treated with PA or both PA and SP were significantly higher (P<0.05) than in fish treated with the control and SP diets. The total immunoglobulin level in the skin mucus was significantly higher (P<0.05) in fish fed PA than in control. In the body homogenates samples, the lysozyme activity and immunoglobulin levels were markedly higher (P<0.05) in fish treated with the mixture of PA and SP than in the control. The dietary PA and SP diet mixture improved the glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidative capacity. The expression of IL-1β and IL-8 genes in fish treated with PA or the mixture of PA and SP was significantly higher (P<0.05) than in fish treated with the control or SP diets. Fish treated with PA, SP, or both PA and SP had marked (P<0.05) upregulation of the lysozyme gene expression. In conclusion, the mixture of S. platensis and P. acidilactici is more effective than using each individually for improving the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, and the immune and antioxidative capacity of zebrafish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Organic meat products are well known for their probiotic values due to the presence of probiotic lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Lactococcus, and Pediococcus strains. The present study aimed to isolate and characterize new strains of lactic acid bacteria (LABs) from organic meat sausages and evaluate their antimicrobial activities. Materials and Methods: In this study, LAB strains were isolated from vacuum-packed organic meat sausages bought from Solico Group Co Ltd. (Tehran, Iran). All isolates were characterized by morphological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA analysis. The primary antibacterial activity of the isolates was evaluated against Micrococcus luteus PTCC 1408. The growth kinetics and antimicrobial activity of the strain MN-B against Lactobacillus casei ATCC 39392 were determined in an MRS broth medium. In addition, a bacteriocin produced by the strains MN-B revealed antimicrobial activity against selected foodborne pathogens. Bacteriocin produced by the MN-B strain was partially purified using the adsorption-desorption method followed by dialyzes. Results: In this study, two Pediococcus spp. and three Leuconostoc spp. with antimicrobial activity were isolated from vacuum-packed organic meat sausages and designated as MNA, MN-B, MN-A2, MN-A2-1, and MN-A3. The results showed that the isolate MN-A and MN-B belonged to the strain Pediococcus acidilactici and the MN-A2, MN-A2-1, and MN-A3 isolates were identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides strains. Amongst the isolates, the strain MN-B showed the highest antimicrobial activity against the Micrococcus luteus PTCC 1408. The molecular weight of bacteriocin was about 5.0 KDa. Discussion and Conclusion: Pediococcus acidilactici (strain MN-B) showed significant antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium PTCC 1709, Staphylococcus aureus PTCC 1113, Listeria monocytogenes PTCC1302, and Listeria inovani PTCC 1303. Therefore, this strain can be considered a potential candidate in different sectors such as the food industry as a preservative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of viable cells of Enterococcus faecium DSM 33761, Pediococcus acidilactici DSM 33758, Bifidobacterium animalis DSM 16284, Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 33751 and Ligilactobacillus salivarius DSM 16351 (Biomin® C5) as a zootechnical additive (functional group: gut flora stabiliser) for chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying, turkeys for fattening, turkeys reared for breeding and minor poultry species for fattening and reared for laying/breeding. Biomin® C5 is marketed in two formulations: a coated and a non‐coated formulation with a total minimum microbial count of 1 × 1011 and 4 × 1010 colony forming unit (CFU)/g product, respectively. The Panel considered that the use of Biomin® C5 in feed at the proposed conditions of use raises no risk for the target species, consumers and the environment. Both coated and non‐coated formulations of Biomin® C5 are considered respiratory and skin sensitisers, but not skin irritants. The FEEDAP Panel was not in the position to conclude on the eye irritation potential of any formulation. Due to lack of sufficient data, the FEEDAP Panel could not conclude on the efficacy of the additive in the target species at the proposed conditions of use. Biomin® C5 is compatible with nicarbazin, diclazuril, decoquinate and halofuginone. No conclusions can be drawn on the compatibility of Biomin® C5 with monensin sodium, robenidine hydrochloride, maduramicin ammonium and lasalocid A sodium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has been used widely in preparing silage. However, forage legumes are prone to contamination by spoilage bacteria during fermentation. Nisin has broad‐spectrum antibacterial properties and has been applied as an inhibitor of rumen methane emissions. However, little research has been carried out on the application of nisin in silage. This study therefore aimed to investigate the impacts of different nisin concentrations on the bacterial community and fermentation dynamics, in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, microbiota, and methane emissions of alfalfa silage. RESULTS: The detection limits of organic acid in nisin‐treated silages were not reached in 0.09 g kg−1 nisin (0.09 level) from days 1 to 7 of ensiling. With increasing nisin concentrations, the silage dry matter increased linearly (P < 0.05), and dry matter loss decreased linearly (P < 0.05). Moreover, both the 0.06 g kg−1 nisin (0.06 level) and 0.09 level treatments increased the relative abundance of Pediococcus acidilactici during ensiling. Concurrently, as the nisin concentrations increased, ruminal methane production decreased linearly (P < 0.05), while the relative abundances of ruminal Succinivibrio, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminobacter amylophilus increased linearly (P < 0.05). The populations of ruminal total bacteria, methanogens, protozoa, and fungi decreased linearly with increasing nisin concentrations (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The addition of nisin delayed the fermentation process, preserved more nutrients in alfalfa silage, and promoted fermentation dominated by P. acidilactici in the late phase of ensiling. Moreover, nisin reduced in vitro rumen methane emissions without adverse effects on dry matter digestibility. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elaeocarpus sylvestris, an evergreen tree widely distributed in Jeju Island, South Korea, contains polyphenolic compounds (phenols and flavonoids) exhibiting antioxidant, antiviral, and antibacterial activities. This study examines the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity profiles of E. sylvestris extracts. Leaf extract (LE) and branch extract (BE) of E. sylvestris obtained using 60% methanol were filtered and concentrated. The antimicrobial efficacy of these extracts against foodborne pathogens and lactic acid bacteria was examined. The antioxidant property was tested along with assays to assess cytotoxicity and effects on cell proliferation. The extracts were also subjected to antioxidant assays and tested for cytotoxicity and effects on cell proliferation using human skin fibroblasts (Detroit 551). LE completely inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes at 100 mg/mL. Seven strains of lactic acid bacteria were susceptible to the whole extracts. LE significantly suppressed the growth of Weisella confusa, Pediococcus acidilactici, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides (p < 0.05). Yeasts (Pichia anomala and Pichia fermentans) exhibited significantly higher growth rates than lactic acid bacteria. Both extracts (100 mg/mL) significantly decreased H2O2 formation (>50%). The confluency of Detroit 551 cells was 68.07–87.52% at concentrations of 0–50 μg/mL for 24 h. In total, 130 metabolites were identified in BE and 128 in LE, including metabolites with potential benefits for skin improvement and photoprotection. A methanolic extract of E. sylvestris could be a promising source of natural bioactive materials for both microbial biocontrol and functional skin care cosmetics, with a wide range of applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combination of germination and fermentation is expected to enhance the production of bioactive substances in plantbased foods. The present study aimed to improve antioxidant activity of soymilk by combining soybean germination and lactic fermentation of the soymilk made from germinated soybean. The results showed that Pediococcus acidilactici YKP4 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus BD2 were the isolates that produced highest antioxidant activity in germinated soymilk. Germination increased the content of reducing sugars with the highest values reached after 72 h, but germination time of soybean did not affect the growth of P. acidilactici YKP4 and Lb. rhamnosus BD2. Germination increased significantly ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) after 24 h and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) scavenging activity after 48 h as Trolox equivalents increased from 225.94 ± 1.87 g·kg-1 to 247.47 ± 2.10 g·kg-1 and from 21.16 ± 1.05 g·kg-1 to 28.06 ± 0.66 g·kg-1, respectively. Antioxidant activity of fermented germinated soymilks was higher than of the unfermented counterpart, with the highest activities obtained using P. acidilactici YKP4 after 24 h as expressed in DPPH radical-scavenging activity of 152.53 ± 7.57 g·kg-1 and FRAP of 339.62 ± 0.91 g·kg-1. Fermentation with P. acidilactici YKP4 also produced the highest peptide concentration of 2.38 ± 0.14 mg·ml-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The consumption and appreciation of traditional foods have grown worldwide in the last century, valuing their cultural heritage, natural-associated content, and manufacturing process. Nonetheless, the increase in foodborne outbreaks associated with the consumption of these types of foods has become a concern. High-pressure processing (HPP)-assisted biocontrol is a non-thermal, multi-hurdle technology based on a cocktail of environmentally friendly antimicrobials that can be applied in synergy with mild HPP at low temperatures (≤10 °C) to promote the inactivation of target pathogenic bacteria and provide a sustainable alternative to conventional thermal food decontamination. Beyond the preservation of the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of foods, HPP-assisted biocontrol scarcely influences the endogenous microbiota. Traditional foods are increasingly valued by consumers, whose attention and purchase willingness are highly influenced by other claims such as 'natural', 'sustainable', and 'clean label'. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a novel non-thermal food processing method (i.e., HPP-assisted biocontrol combining mild high hydrostatic pressure, listeriophage Listex, and pediocin PA-1 producing Pediococcus acidilactici) on the succession of bacterial communities and quality of a fermented sausage model. A comparative analysis of instrumental color, texture, and lipid peroxidation revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in these quality parameters between non- and minimally processed fermented sausages throughout 60-day refrigerated storage (4 °C). The microbiota dynamics of biotreated and untreated fermented sausages were assessed by 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing, and the alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed no dissimilarity in the structure and composition of the bacterial communities over the analyzed period. The innovative multi-hurdle technology proposed herein holds valuable potential for the manufacture of traditional fermented sausages while preserving their unique intrinsic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Many strains of probiotics have been exploited and used as animal dietary supplements for broiler production. The efficacy and survival of probiotics during production may reflect better activities of the probiotics in the host. This study investigated the effects of freeze- and spray-drying on the survivability and properties of probiotics and their ability to improve the growth and health performance of broilers. Materials and Methods: Probiotic powders of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, Enterococcus faecium CA4, Enterococcus durans CH33, Ligilactobacillus salivarius CH24, Pediococcus acidilactici SH8, and Bacillus subtilis KKU213, were prepared using rice bran/chitosan/carboxy methyl cellulose as the carrier. The survival of each probiotic strain was investigated under stress conditions, including freeze-drying, spray-drying, and simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The body weight gain (BWG) and intestinal histomorphology were determined to assess broiler growth performance. Results: All dried probiotics yielded a high survival rate during freeze-drying (95.8-98.6%) and spray-drying (94.4-98.2%). In addition, an analysis of the main effect revealed that the effectiveness of freeze-drying was higher than that of spraydrying in minimizing the loss of cell viability. The antimicrobial activity of all immobilized dried probiotic strains against Salmonella was maintained. The immobilized probiotics tolerated a low pH value of 2.0 and 0.5% (w/v) bile salt. Probiotic administration of a mixture of the five dried probiotics to 1-day-old hatched male broilers at early and late ages resulted in potential colonization in the broiler intestine, and enhancements in the BWG, lipid metabolism, and gut health (villus height and cryptal depth) were observed in the probiotic-treated groups. Conclusion: The administration of three doses of the spray-dried probiotic mixture at days 15, 17, and 19 after hatching was sufficient to achieve long-term growth and health benefits in broilers. This finding might provide a cost-effective alternative to the administration of commonly used antibiotics in broiler production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of some growth conditions on the production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) by Pediococcus acidilactici was studied. Furthermore, the impact of utilisation of the isolated EPS, dextran and P. acidilactici on some properties of Kariesh cheese was investigated. The maximum EPS production by P. acidilactici was obtained after 10 h of incubation at 37°C in MRS medium with an initial pH of 7. Kariesh cheese manufactured with dextran or P. acidilactici exhibited the highest (P ≤ 0.05) moisture content and the lowest hardness values. Protein, fat, ash, total bacterial and yeast and mould counts were not significantly affected by the applied treatments. However, the body and texture of Kariesh cheese were significantly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to obtain good quality croissants from wholegrain wheat flour using baking sourdoughs prepared from single starter cultures of Pediococcus acidilactici 02P108 (PA), Pediococcus pentosaceus SM2D17 (PP) and Enteroccocus durans 09B374 (ED) as an attempt to overcome the usual negative effects of the wholegrain flour on the characteristics of this specific bakery product group. Results showed that the addition of sourdough in the wholegrain wheat dough had similar performance as that of conventional baker’s yeast regarding the rheological characteristics of dough. The dynamic viscosity of all sourdough-leavened samples remained higher than that of the control sample at all tested shear rates. A positive effect of sourdoughs used on the development of baking dough was observed in terms of specific volume improvement, higher degree of softening, and reduced baking loss. However, these positive effects were found as strain-specific. The use of Enteroccocus durans 09B374- made sourdough showed the most distinguished sensory characteristics and the best results regarding croissant staling during storage. The study demonstrated that sourdoughs used in wholemeal wheat croissant dough had positive effect on the quality characteristics and shelf-life of products. However, strain selection proved as of key importance for the successful production of wholemeal wheat croissants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of individual and/or a mixture multi-species bacteria as a probiotic (Pediococcus acidilactici (T1), Enterococcus faecium (m74) + Pediococcus acidilactici (T2), and Bacillus licheniformis + B. subtilis (T3)) supplementation at different levels on productive performance and egg quality characteristics in laying Japanese quail. At 42 d, 350 chicks were chosen with nearly similar live body weight and divided into ten groups of 35 chicks/group. Chicks were fed the basal diet as a control group (L0) or basal diet supplemented with three levels L1 (1.25), L2 (1.75), and L3 (2.25) g/kg diet, respectively. The bacteria-supplemented diets (T1 and T2) had an average feed intake that was the lowest and similar to control group. Better feed conversion was obtained in T1 birds in the first and third month and in the second month in T2. Age at sexual maturity was gradually decreased by dietary supplementation of T3 and L1. Probiotics increased egg production (EP) and egg mass (EM). EP, egg weight (EW), and EM increased gradually due to T3 and L2 supplementation. Bacteria-supplemented diets markedly increased absolute albumen and yolk weight as well as absolute and relative eggshell weight. In conclusion, the mixture of E. faecium (m74) + P. acidilactici and B. licheniformis + B. subtilis improved feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg production, and egg quality traits of laying Japanese quail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The aim of this study was to develop feed using organic waste to increase the lipid content of the super mealworm Zophobas morio larvae (ZML). Feed prepared from fermented food waste (FFW) using three microorganism species was found to be suitable for increasing the lipid content of ZML. These results revealed that feed made from FFW is an environmentally friendly and economical feed suitable for breeding ZML for biodiesel production. Super mealworm Zophobas morio (Coleoptera: Tenbrionidea) larvae (ZML) are being investigated as potential candidates for biodiesel production. Several studies have revealed that the crude fat content of ZML can be enhanced by increasing the feed consumed. We aimed to develop an optimized ZML feed that enhances the lipid gain using 10 different ingredients. The results revealed that the highest lipid content was observed in ZML fed food waste (FW). Furthermore, we found that the weight gain of ZML improved when fed fermented FW using three selected microorganisms (3M), Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Pediococcus acidilactici. We also analyzed the effects of preservatives on the weight gain of ZML, and the results revealed that ZML fed 5-day 3M-fermented FW (FFW) containing 0.05% sorbic acid exhibited the highest weight gain. Based on these findings, we produced solid FFW containing 0.05% sorbic acid using 5% agar and established a manufacturing process. Body composition analysis revealed that the lipid content of the ZML fed manufactured feed was higher than that of the ZML fed wheat bran. Therefore, this study suggests that solid FFW containing 0.05% sorbic acid should be used as a commercial feed for ZML breeding to enhance lipid gain, making it an economical substrate for raw biodiesel production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a crucial inhibitory neurotransmitter in the sympathetic nervous system that exerts regulatory effects on the blood, immune, and nervous systems. GABA production in som-fak, a traditional fermented fish of Thailand, has been attributed to the activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The present study aims to characterize the LAB isolates and compare the genomes and GABA synthesis genes of selected isolates capable of GABA production. Thirteen isolates demonstrating GABA synthesis capability were identified based on their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Seven isolates (group I: LSF3-3, LSF8-3, LSF9-1, LSF9-3, LSF9-6, LSF9-7, and LSF10-14) were identified as Levilactobacillus brevis with 99.78–100% similarity. LSF2-1, LSF3-2, LSF5-4, and LSF6-5 (group II) were identified as Lactiplantibacillus pentosus with 99.86–100% similarity. Strain LSF1-1 (group III) was identified as Pediococcus acidilactici (99.47%), and LSF10-4 (group IV) was identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus with 99.93% similarity. The GABA production of isolates ranged from 0.087 to 16.935 g/L. The maximum production of 16.935 g/L from 3% monosodium glutamate was obtained from strain LSF9-1. Gene and genome analysis revealed that L. brevis LSF9-1 has multiple gad genes in the genome, such as gadB1, gadB2, gadC1, and gadC2, making it the potential strain for GABA production. Additionally, the genome analysis of P. acidilactici LSF1-1 consists of gadA, gadB, and gadC, which respond to controlling GABA production and export. Furthermore, strain LSF1-1 was considered safe, containing no virulence factors. Thus, Levilactobacillus brevis LSF9-1 and Pediococcus acidilactici LSF1-1 have the potential for GABA production and probiotic use in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The considerable flexibility of cancerous cells to escape from chemical and biological drugs makes it clear that much is to be done to control and eliminate such cells. Probiotic bacteria, in this regard, have shown promising performance. In this study, we isolated and characterized lactic acid bacteria from traditional cheese. Then we evaluated their activity against doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/DOX) through MTT assay, Annexin V/PI protocol, real-time PCR, and western blotting. Among the isolates, one strain with more than 97% similarity with Pediococcus acidilactici showed considerable probiotics properties. Low pH, high bile salts, and NaCl could not significantly affect this strain while it was susceptible to antibiotics. Also, it had a potent antibacterial activity. Besides, the cell-free supernatant of this strain (CFS) significantly reduced the viability of MCF-7 and MCF-7/DOX cancerous cells (to about 10% and 25%, respectively), while it was safe for normal cells. Also, we found that CFS could regulate the Bax/Bcl-2 at mRNA and protein levels to induce apoptosis in drug-resistant cells. We determined 75% early apoptosis, 10% late apoptosis, and 15% necrosis in the cells treated with the CFS. These findings can accelerate the development of probiotics as promising alternative treatments to overcome drug-resistant cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]