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The rapidly global development of integrated resorts has led to increased competition in the marketplace. Among all, Chinese millennials are targeted because of their population size and strong spending power. This study aims to identify the effect of servicescape dimensions on satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Considering the environmental feature of the integrated resort and variety-seeking behavior of Chinese millennials, we add facility variety to the dimensions of servicescape. A major survey with 404 respondents was conducted and analyzed with structural equation modeling. The result shows that interior décor, ambience, equipment, signage and symbols, and facility variety are positively associated with customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions, while cleanliness and layout do not have any significant effect. These findings can have meaningful business implications for resort managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, SrMoO 4 :Tb3+ phosphors were successfully synthesized for a single-band ratiometric (SBR) thermometry utilizing the redshift of CTB. The SrMoO 4 :Tb3+ phosphors have a tetragonal system owing to I 4 1 /a space group and irregular microparticles possessing a mean size of 20 μm. The incorporation of Tb3+ ions into the SrMoO 4 matrix lattice leads to a reduction in the bandgap energy owing to occurrence of defects level in gap-band. Thermal quenching concentration of Tb3+ is 1%, due to the dipole-dipole interaction between Tb3+ and Tb3+ ions. This study observed an interesting redshift in the edge of the CTB with increasing temperature, which can be explained using the configurational coordinate diagram. This phenomenon can be utilized to construct this SBR temperature measurement strategy by selecting appropriate excitation peaks or bands with different thermal responses. The study also demonstrated that SrMoO 4 : 1%Tb3+ has higher S a value of 13.31 × 10−2 K−1 @573 K and S r value of 3.54 K-1@298 K in optical thermometry, making it a suitable candidate for optical temperature measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rare earth luminescent nanoparticles are regarded as one of the most ideal fluorescent probes. In order to solve the problem of insufficient luminescence intensity of rare earth luminescent imaging materials, a new core–shell-structured CuS@YF3:Eu with strong luminescent nanoparticles was successfully prepared. The nanoparticles possessed stronger luminescent property than individually dispersed YF3:Eu nanoparticles that it is attributed to the plasmon-enhanced localized electric fields effect of the interface of CuS and YF3:Eu nanoparticles. This work provides insight on the development of nonmetallic plasmon-sensitized optical materials and to promote their application in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near-infrared (NIR) phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs) have exhibited tremendous potential in spectroscopic technology, promoting the demand of developing novel NIR materials with excellent properties. In this paper, a series of germanate based NIR phosphors Sr 3 ZnGe 5 O 14 : xCr3+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) were synthesized by high temperature solid state reaction. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Ultraviolet diffuse reflection, photoluminescence spectra and PL decay were measured to analyze the crystal structure, morphology properties and elements composition, PL emission properties and lifetimes of these NIR phosphors. Results demonstrated that phosphors Sr 3 ZnGe 5 O 14 : xCr3+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) crystallized in a trigonal with a space group of P 321(150) with a broad band gap (E g) of 4.70–4.59 eV. Sample Sr 3 ZnGe 5 O 14 : 0.03Cr3+ with the best PL emission properties showed a good thermal stability with the PL emission intensity remains 69 % of its initial value at 420 K. It's worth noting that the NIR device based on Sr 3 ZnGe 5 O 14 : 0.03Cr3+ displays an impressive electroluminescent emission stability, for example, the electroluminescent emission intensity is still about 92.3 % of its initial value when the NIR pc-LED light up for 18 h. These research results provided an important guidance for developing novel Cr3+ doped germanate based NIR phosphors with excellent thermal and electroluminescent emission stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CaMoO 4 :Pr3+ thermochromic phosphors with diverse thermal responses for temperature sensing were prepared by the traditional solid-phase reaction method. The typical CaMoO 4 :Pr3+ had scheelite structure belonging to tetragonal crystal system and space group of I 4 1 / a (88). Pr3+ ions can be easily substituted for Ca2+ ions of host CaMoO 4 because of similar ionic radius. CaMoO 4 : 1.5% Pr3+ have the block structure with mean size of 6.84 μm. The E g (∼3.93 eV) value of pure CaMoO 4 is bigger than that (∼3.65 eV) of CaMoO 4 : 1.5%Pr3+, attributing to the existence of intermediate defect energy levels. Appropriate Pr3+ doping concentration is 1.5%, and the concentration quenching phenomenon can be explained by the concrete electric multipole type of d-d interaction. The emission peak at ∼605 nm from 1D 2 →3H 4 transition have a good thermal stability of 99.452%@423 K, while the wide band centered at ∼490 nm from 3T 1,2 → 1A 1 transition in the MoO 4 2− complex and 3P 0 →3H 4 transition in Pr3+ have a poor thermal stability of 27.572%@423 K. Calculated activation energy is 0.239 eV. Temperature-dependent FIR for optical thermometry was constructed due to their diverse thermal responses. CaMoO 4 : Pr3+ phosphor had good relative sensitivities of 2.216%, 0.969% and 0.932% based on FIR of I 605 nm /I 490 nm with Boltzmann distribution, modified Boltzmann distribution and exponential equation fitting. Thermochromic behavior and thermal quenching mechanism are investigated. The obtained relative sensitivity is better than that of most phosphors, implying that CaMoO 4 : Pr3+ has a potential for application in optical thermometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile direct precipitation method has been developed for the synthesis of multi-functional magnetic, microwave to heat responsive properties with Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles as the core and WO 3 − x as the shell. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that the obtained bi-functional nanoparticles had a core-shell structure and a spherical morphology. The average size was ~ 250 nm, and the thickness of the shell was ~ 15 nm. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that a cubic spinel structure of Fe 3 O 4 core and the WO 3 − x shell were obtained. The nanoparticles showed both strong magnetic, and unique microwave to heat responsive properties, which may lead to development of nanoparticles with great potential for applications in drug targeting delivery, controlled release drug, photo- and microwave-thermal combination therapy and water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fluorescent ceramic GdAG:Ce was formed by aqueous tape casting-isostatic pressing process and synthesized by high temperature solid state method. To investigate the effect of introduction of Gd3+ on the crystal structure, the photoluminescence (PL) properties, decay lifetime and the white light-emitting diodes (WLED) applications, non-Gd3+ analogue sample YAG:Ce was prepared as well. In contrast, fluorescent ceramic GdAG:Ce exhibited a relatively smaller XRD peaks, much stronger PL emission intensity and shorter lifetime than that of YAG:Ce. These findings could be beneficial to the improvement of the WLED performance. Moreover, fluorescent ceramic GdAG:Ce was made up of practical with garnet structure, which possessed good thermal stability. As a consequence, an increase of color rendering index (Ra) to 62.3 and decrease of correlated temperature (CCT) to 3208 K was achieved by the WLED device based on fluorescent ceramic GdAG:Ce. The impressive results provided a basis for the fluorescent ceramic used in the field of WLED with high Ra and low CCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermal stability of the polyethylene (PE) separator is of utmost importance for the safety of lithium-ion batteries. Although the surface coating of PE separator with oxide nanoparticles can improve thermal stability, some serious problems still exist, such as micropore blockage, easy detaching, and introduction of excessive inert substances, which negatively affects the power density, energy density, and safety performance of the battery. In this paper, TiO2 nanorods are used to modify the surface of the PE separator, and multiple analytical techniques (e.g., SEM, DSC, EIS, and LSV) are utilized to investigate the effect of coating amount on the physicochemical properties of the PE separator. The results show that the thermal stability, mechanical properties, and electrochemical properties of the PE separator can be effectively improved via surface coating with TiO2 nanorods, but the degree of improvement is not directly proportional to the coating amount due to the fact that the forces inhibiting micropore deformation (mechanical stretching or thermal contraction) are derived from the interaction of TiO2 nanorods directly "bridging" with the microporous skeleton rather than those indirectly "glued" with the microporous skeleton. Conversely, the introduction of excessive inert coating material could reduce the ionic conductivity, increase the interfacial impedance, and lower the energy density of the battery. The experimental results show that the ceramic separator with a coating amount of ~0.6 mg/cm2 TiO2 nanorods has well-balanced performances: its thermal shrinkage rate is 4.5%, the capacity retention assembled with this separator was 57.1% under 7 C/0.2 C and 82.6% after 100 cycles, respectively. This research may provide a novel approach to overcoming the common disadvantages of current surface-coated separators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spinel LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 (LNMO) material is considered as a promising cathode in high-voltage lithium-ion batteries due to its advantageous voltage and capacity. Previous results indicate that the electrodes constructed by LNMO with the same compositions while differing in the crystallite geometries always exhibit various electrochemical performances. Here, to probe the relationships between the crystalline geometry of the obtained cathodes and their electrochemical properties, we synthesized different facet-exposed LNMOs with the same compositions using a template method. We demonstrate that the crystallite geometries of the hydroxide precursors can be tuned easily via varying the synthesize parameters, while the tuned precursors can be employed as the templates during the final product preparation. LNMOs enclosed by single {111} facets (LNMO-OH) and both {110} and {100} facets (LNMO-HP) are obtained and employed to elucidate the particle geometry-dependent electrochemical properties. Despite better rate capabilities exhibited for LNMO-HP because of the higher lithium diffusion coefficients along these crystal orientations, inferior cycling performance is released compared with its LNMO-OH counterpart. These insights can provide informative guidance in particle geometry-dependent material construction, thus helpful in realizing high-performance LNMO cathode. • Different facet-exposed LNMOs with the same compositions were synthesized. • The crystallite geometries of the hydroxide precursors can be tuned easily via varying the synthesize parameters. • Facet-exposed LNMOs exhibit various electrochemical properties. • Working mechanism of different LNMOs was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photoluminescence and temperature sensitivities of Ca 3 Y 2 Si 3 O 12 :Pr3+ thermo-phosphors with silico-carnotite structure obtained by solid state reaction method were investigated. Pr3+ ions were accommodated in the A sites having coordination number of 9 in AB 2 C 2 (SiO 4) 3 to replace Y3+ ions. The typical sample consisted of microcrystals with an irregular structure and the surface of particles was smooth, which could enhance the luminescence due to reducing the scattering and non-radiation produced by rough surfaces. The band gap value of typical sample was about 4.01 eV. Dipole-dipole interaction could account for concentration quenching. The two thermometry strategies including normalized intensities from 3P 0 →3H 4 transition and Fluorescence intensity ration (FIR) of 3P 0 →3H 4 /3P 1 →3H 5 transitions were employed for temperature sensing in 298–573 K. The results revealed that Ca 3 Y 2 Si 3 O 12 :Pr3+ thermo-phosphors had good temperature sensitivity performance with maximum S r of 0.59% K−1@573 K and 0.762% K−1@298 K in the above two methods, respectively. Hence, Ca 3 Y 2 Si 3 O 12 :Pr3+ would be a promising candidate in the field of optical thermometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Novel M O O 3-x @YF 3 :Yb3+,Er3+with enhanced up-conversion/NIRII luminescent was prepared. • Novel M O O 3-x @YF 3 :Yb3+,Er3+carriers with strong drug loading capacity was prepared. • The luminescent properties of carriers was enhanced through LSPR effect. • Novel M O O 3-x @Yb3+,Er3+carriers with strong drug release effect was prepared. • The cytotoxicity was obviously related to the concentration of carriers. A new rod-shaped MoO 3-x @YF 3 :Yb3+,Er3+ integrated carrier for the NIR-II fluorescence imaging and chemotherapy has been successfully prepared by introducing the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect and regulating the morphology and surface state. The analysis methods such as XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, UV–Vis-NIR, PL and IR are used to study the structure, morphology, composition and properties. XRD, SEM and TEM analysis shows that the surface of MoO 3-x is successfully coated with YF 3 :Yb3+, Er3+ nanocrystals of well-crystallized orthogonality, and the carrier obtained has a unique rod-like morphology. XPS analysis shows that Mo element exists in two valence states: Mo (VI) and Mo (V). Furthermore, PL analysis shows that the carrier has stronger luminescence intensity of up-conversion and the near-infrared second region (NIR II) under the excitation of 980 nm and 1540 nm, respectively. The drug delivery capacity and release effect of carrier are studied by using doxorubicin (DOX) as an anti-tumor template drug. The results shows that the carrier with unmodified polyethylene glycol (PEG) has strong drug loading capacity and release effect. The cytotoxicity of the carrier is performed using Hela cells. The result show that the cytotoxicity was obviously related to the concentration of MoO 3-x @YF 3 :Yb3+,Er3+ nanoparticles. This work will solve the bottleneck of fluorescence imaging of visual drug delivery carriers, tumor penetration rate and efficient drug delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eu3+-doped germanate based red emitting phosphors SrGe4O9: xEu3+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 mol%) were prepared by high-temperature solid-state procedure. Moreover, the Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation, X-ray diffraction (XRD) Rietveld refinement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and photoluminescence (PL) measurement were discussed in detail to fully investigate the crystal structure and PL properties of SrGe4O9: xEu3+. Furthermore, the Judd–Ofelt (J–O) analysis demonstrated that the Eu3+ ions in the SrGe4O9 host possessed lower sites symmetry. In addition, the phosphor SrGe4O9: 0.35%Eu3+ displayed superior thermal stability with PL intensity at 423 K is around 90% of its initial value at 298 K. As a result, the white light emitting diodes (WLED) device based on SrGe4O9: 0.35%Eu3+ achieved an expected result of a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 4573 K and a color rendering index (CRI) of 80.8 under a voltage of 3 V and a driven current of 20 mA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cu 2 O/Cu hybrid composites were successfully prepared via a simple one-pot green hydrothermal method using egg albumin as structure modifier. The phase structures, surface morphologies, chemical and optical properties of the samples were characterized by using XRD, FE-SEM, FT-IR and UV–Vis spectra. The effects of egg albumin amounts, holding time and molar ratio of raw materials on product structure were studied and bonding mechanism of Cu 2 O/Cu nanoparticles with egg albumin was discussed. BET specific surface areas and BJH pore size distributions were determined from N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. The photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants of the Cu 2 O/Cu hybrid composite was investigated and possible photocatalytic mechanism of Cu 2 O/Cu hybrid composites were proposed. The degradation rate of MB without any catalysts was only 3.33%, while the degradation rate of MB in the Cu 2 O/Cu+H 2 O 2 system under visible light after 80 min was as high as 87.74% and the photo-degradation reaction rate was (244.6 ± 42.0) × 10−4 min−1. H 2 O 2 and Cu 2 O/Cu composite had a synergistic action in photodegradation process of MB, which exhibited its potential as an excellent photocatalyst for degradation of MB under visible light irradiation. Image 10394 • Cu 2 O/Cu hybrid composites were prepared via a one-pot green hydrothermal method. • EA amounts and holding time played an important role in the growth of particles. • The EA was bonded with Cu 2 O/Cu nanoparticles by amide carboxylate. • The degradation rate of MB in the Cu 2 O/Cu+H 2 O 2 system was as high as 87.74%. • H 2 O 2 and Cu 2 O/Cu composite had a synergistic action in degradation process of MB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A series of Bi3+ ions activated blue-emitting phosphors Gd 2-x ZnTiO 6 :xBi3+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.015) were synthesized by high-temperature solid-state procedure. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations demonstrated that the host lattice Gd 2 ZnTiO 6 possessed a direct band gap of 3.07 eV which agreed well with the optical band gap of about 3.80 eV obtained from the diffuse reflection spectrum. Moreover, the Gd 2-x ZnTiO 6 :x Bi3+ crystallizes in a monoclinic space group P 2 1 / n (# 14) and the representative Gd 1.9925 ZnTiO 6 :0.0075Bi3+ phosphor presents an irregular crystal shape with smooth surface, clear edges and corner. All of them emit bright blue light with the emission peak at 419 nm under 375 nm excitation and the optimum Bi3+ ion doping concentration is 0.0075. In addition, the thermal quenching properties and PL decay test show that the Gd 1.9925 ZnTiO 6 :0.0075Bi3+ possess good thermal stability and an efficient energy transfer between Bi3+ ions. Finally, we explored the application of Gd 1.9925 ZnTiO 6 :0.0075Bi3+ phosphor by fabricating the warm pc-WLED device. Notably, the device presents good luminescence properties with the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) coordinates of (0.4485, 0.4222), a high color rendering index (CRI) of 89.4 and low corresponding color temperature (CCT) of 2956 K under 60 mA current. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Gd 2 ZnTiO 6 :Bi3+ were synthesized as blue-emitting phosphors. • Gd 1.9925 ZnTiO 6 :0.0075Bi3+ possess efficient energy transfer between Bi3+ ions. • The Gd 1.9925 ZnTiO 6 :0.0075Bi3+ based WLED presents excellent luminescence properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 material with nanoplate morphology and ordered spinel phase is synthesized via co-precipitation method. From the results of XRD, FT-IR, SEM and TEM analysis, it can be seen that the LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 sample possess a crystal structures of the space groups of P4 3 32 and plate-like morphology exposed {100} and {110} surfaces. The electrochemical tests show that it exhibits an acceptable rate capability, however, the cycling property, especially the stored performance is unsatisfactory. The following electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, SEM and ICP characterizations reveal the relationship between the surfaces and their electrochemical properties: during cycling or storing process, a charge transfer between Ni and Mn is taken place on the {100} and {110} surfaces, resulting in declines in the valence of Mn(IV). Then, the Mn could dissolve from spinel electrode surfaces into electrolyte undergoing a disproportionation reaction of Mn3+. Last, these results lead to the capacity retention and voltage platform continues to deteriorate. Highlights • Ordered LNMO nanoplates exposing {100} and {110} crystal planes were synthesized. • Ordered LNMO nanoplates exhibited an acceptable rate capability. • Ordered LNMO nanoplates showed an unsatisfactory cycling and stored performance. • A charge transfer between Ni and Mn was taken place on the {100} and {110} surfaces • Serious Mn dissolution occur on the {100} and {110} surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The Eu3+-doped α-Al 2 O 3 micro/nano-biscuits were prepared via microwave/starch- assisted sol-gel approach. The typical sample had the pure hexagonal α-Al 2 O 3 phase. The solubility limit of Eu3+ ions was ~ 2 mol%. The micro/nano-biscuits consisted of the outer layers paved with nanoparticles of 50–70 nm and inner layers arranged with nanoparticles of 100–200 nm in a brick-upon-tile pattern. The forming mechanism was proposed. Optical bandgap values were apparently lower than that of bulk Al 2 O 3 (~ 8.7 eV), assigned to appearance of some defect levels and incorporation of impurity ions. The critical distance was ∼ 15.95 Å and ET mechanism was the d-d interaction. The integrated strength at 423 K dropped to 68% of the original value at 298 K and the E a was ~ 0.259 eV. Moreover, the CIE coordinate of the typical sample with good thermal stability was close to that of the commercial red phosphor, having promising applications in pc-WLEDs as a red-emitting phosphor. Graphical abstract fx1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SrMoO 4 : Sm3+ orange red-emitting phosphors for novel application in temperature measurement were prepared by solid-phase synthesis method. SrMoO 4 : Sm3+ phosphor with scheelite structure was assigned to tetragonal system and I 4 1 /a space group. Sm3+ ions could occupy Sr2+ lattice sites of SrMoO 4. SrMoO 4 : Sm3+ consisted of irregular microparticle with well-crystallized pomegranate seed-like morphology and Sm3+ ions can be evenly distributed in the SrMoO 4 matrix. The band gap value of SrMoO 4 : 1.0%Sm3+ (∼4.228 eV) is less than that of SrMoO 4 (∼4.267 eV), which is due to generation of defective energy levels in band gap. The appropriate quenching concentration of Sm3+ was 1.0%, the critical distance is ∼25.57 Å and θ is 7.1, close to 8, which was attributed to dipole−quadrupole interaction type of electric multipolar interaction. SrMoO 4 :1.0%Sm3+ had excellent thermal stability of the PL peak at 598 nm and 644 nm and anti-thermal quenching property of the PL peak at 530 nm and 563 nm. The activation energy based on the intensity of the PL peak at 598 nm is 0.318 eV. The new dual-model thermometry strategy base on exponential function and modified Boltzmann population distribution would be proposed. SrMoO 4 :Sm3+ phosphor had the absolute sensitivities of 0.108 K−1 based on exponential function and the relative sensitivities of 0.601% K−1 based on modified Boltzmann population distribution. The excellent anti-thermal quenching and good thermal stability of SrMoO 4 : Sm3+ phosphors indicate that it has a potential for applications as pc-WLEDs and optical thermometry. [Display omitted] • SrMoO 4 : Sm 3+ thermometric phosphors were prepared by solid state reaction method. • The excellent anti-thermal quenching and good thermal stability of SMO: Sm3+ phosphors. • The new dual-model thermometry strategy would be proposed. • SrMoO 4 : Sm3+ has a potential for application as optical thermometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors synthesised porous GdF3 :Er3+, Yb3+ –COOH core–shell structured bi‐functional nanoparticles through a one‐step hydrothermal route during which ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) was bound to the surface of the nanoparticles. It has high up‐conversion emission intensity for monitoring the drug release process and magnetisation saturation value (10.2 emu/g) for drug targeting under foreign magnetic fields. Moreover, porous GdF3 :Er3+, Yb3+ as drug carriers with a high drug‐loading efficiency. cis‐Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (cisplatin, CDDP)‐loaded GdF3 :Er3+, Yb3+ nanoparticles (GdF3 :Er3+, Yb3+ –CDDP) were characterised by the Fourier transform infrared spectra, and CDDP was loaded in the form of electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonds. Compared with CDDP alone, GdF3 :Er3+, Yb3+ –CDDP nanoparticles increase concentration of CDDP in the target site and enhance its anticancer efficiency. Therefore, the as‐prepared GdF3 :Er3+, Yb3+ –COOH nanoparticles allow simultaneous targeted drug delivery and monitoring as promising anti‐cancer theranostic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] We have synthesized the layered LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2−xF x (0⩽ x ⩽0.04) by hydroxide co-precipitation method. [•] The structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 are influenced by F doping effect. [•] The cations mixing of pure LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 decreases and Li+ diffusion coefficient increases with doping F. [•] The reversible capacity of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O1.96F0.04 is 155.0mAhg−1 after 50 cycles at 0.2 C, 0.5 C and 1.0 C ratios between 2.8 and 4.6V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] A new polymer (TPAFCN) as electron acceptor was designed and synthesized. [•] Photoinduced electrons transfer from MEH-PPV to TPAFCN. [•] The applied PSCs show a high V OC of about 1.0V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Up-converting luminescent nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been arousing increasing attention in biomedical imaging because of their long-life emission and concomitant benefits (e.g., zero-autofluorescence background, low toxicity). However, the further development on the application has been limited by the low luminescence efficiency and intensity of UCNPs. Herein we report the design principle, synthesis route, and luminescence properties of core-shell structured Cu 2-x S@YF 3 :Yb–Er nanoparticles with strong luminescent property (red emission). The design principle leverages on the plasmon-enhanced localized electric fields effect of the interface of Cu 2-x S and YF 3 :Yb–Er nanoparticles and photo-thermal effect of Cu 2-x S. This strategy could enhanced luminescence properties of YF 3 :Yb–Er nanoparticles. The as-prepared Cu 2-x S@YF 3 :Yb–Er nanoparticles possessed stronger luminescent property (red emission) than individually dispersed YF 3 :Yb–Er nanoparticles. And the nanoparticles presented a dramatic red-shift that was due to the growth of YF 3 :Yb–Er on the Cu 2-x S surface. The research supplies an insight on the development of nonmetallic plasmon-sensitized luminescent materials, and hopefully it could promote them application in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Sm3+ doped phosphor Sr 2 Ga 2 GeO 7 :xSm3+ (0 = x ≤ 0.05) were synthesized for the first time to obtain red emitting component for efficient WLED device with excellent electroluminescence (EL) performance. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that these powders crystalized in a tetragonal with a space group of P-421m (113) and the Sm3+ occupied the positions Sr2+ ions in the lattice of Sr 2 Ga 2 GeO 7. The germanate material Sr 2 Ga 2 GeO 7 possess a broad optical energy bandgap (E g) of 5.03 eV, which was beneficial for the charge transfer of Sm3+ to the matrix. The photoluminous (PL) properties proved that these red emitting phosphors Sr 2 Ga 2 GeO 7 :xSm3+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) exhibited two emission peaks at about 563 nm and 602 nm, which originated from the 4G 5/2 → 6H 5/2 and 4G 5/2 → 6H 7/2 transitions of Sm3+ ions under 404 nm excitation. Interestingly, when the contents of Sm3+ reached 2% mol, sample Sr 2 Ga 2 GeO 7 :0.02Sm3+ possessed a relatively best PL characterize with the CIE coordinates of (0.5386, 0.4563). Based on its good PL emission stability and decay lifetime, sample Sr 2 Ga 2 GeO 7 :0.02Sm3+ showed an excellent thermal stability with the PL emission intensity only reduced by 15.02% relative to its initial PL emission intensity when measured at 473 K. As a result, the WLED device based on phosphor Sr 2 Ga 2 GeO 7 :0.02Sm3+ presented a splendid EL performance, with a low correlated color temperature (CCT) of 4252 K, a high color rendering index (R a) of 90.6 and the CIE coordinates of (0.3701, 0.3707). • Red phosphor Sr 2 Ga 2 GeO 7 :0.02Sm3+ was first synthesized. • Sample Sr 2 Ga 2 GeO 7 :0.02Sm3+ possessed high thermal stability. • The WLED device exhibited an impressive R a of 90.6 and a low CCT of 4252 K [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SrSnO 3 : Pr3+ phosphors with red long afterglow (LAG)and temperature sensing were prepared by albumin assisted sol-gel method. The typical sample had cubic structure. The mean particle size was about 2.02 μm. The band gap values of samples were in the range of about 4.06–4.09 eV. The luminescent properties and LAG behaviors of SrSnO 3 : Pr3+ phosphors were investigated and the luminescence mechanism of red LAG was discussed. Albumin assisted SrSnO 3 : Pr3+ phosphor with a red long afterglow had an average decay time of 74.25 s. Pr3+ ions not only act as an activator, emitting red long afterglow, but also act as a trap provider. Moreover, the temperature sensing property was studied based on the non-thermal coupling FIR of TE and 3P 0 →3H 4 transition emission. The relative sensitivity was as high as 3580.89/T2. The absolute sensitivity (S a) and relative sensitivity (S r) of SrSnO 3 : 0.5%Pr3+ were 0.0374 K-1 and 4.03% K−1, respectively. Its optical thermometry performance is better than that of most phosphors. It has the potential to be applied in the field of temperature sensing. [Display omitted] • Albumin assisted SrSnO 3 : Pr3+ phosphors with red long afterglow (LAG)and temperature sensing were prepared. • Pr3+ ions not only act as an activator, but also act as a trap provider, emitting red long afterglow. • The relative sensitivity was as high as 3580.89/T2. • It has the potential to be applied in the field of temperature sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sm3+ and Pr3+ ion co-doped phosphors Ca 3 Y 2 Ge 3 O 12 :0.04Sm3+:yPr3+ (0.001 ≤ y ≤ 0.006 mol%) were synthesized by high tempereture calcination process. The XRD results showed that samples Ca 3 Y 2 Ge 3 O 12 :0.04Sm3+:yPr3+ (0.001 ≤ y ≤ 0.006) were matched well with the standard profile Ca 3 Y 2 Ge 3 O 12 (PCSD No. 27–0092) which possessed a cubic structure with the space group I a-3d (230), and these synthesized samples exhibited irregular particles with large size of about 40 μm. The photoluminescence (PL) study demonstrated that the co-doped Pr3+ ions could improve the PL properties through the energy transition (ET) process between Pr3+ ions and Sm3+ ions, leading to a smaller liftimes of Ca 3 Y 2 Ge 3 O 12 :0.04Sm3+:0.003Pr3+ than Ca 3 Y 2 Ge 3 O 12 :0.04Sm3+. The optimum Pr3+ ions doping concentration was y = 0.003 and the CIE coordinates (0.5249, 0.4730) of Ca 3 Y 2 Ge 3 O 12 :0.04Sm3+:0.003Pr3+ lied in red light region. Notably, sample Ca 3 Y 2 Ge 3 O 12 :0.04Sm3+:0.003Pr3+ exhibited better thermal stability and larger activation energy (E a) by compariton of Ca 3 Y 2 Ge 3 O 12 :0.04Sm3+. Finally, the WLED device based on Ca 3 Y 2 Ge 3 O 12 :0.04Sm3+:0.003Pr3+, (Ba, Sr) 2 SiO 4 : Eu2+ and an ultraviolet chip of 395 nm exhibited a low correlated temperature (CCT) of 3929 K and a color rendering index (R a) of 89. Image 1 • Pr3+ can improve PL properties of Ca 3 Y 2 Ge 3 O 12 :0.04Sm3+:0.003Pr3+. • Phosphor Ca 3 Y 2 Ge 3 O 12 :0.04Sm3+:0.003Pr3+ exhibited a splendid thermal stability. • Ca 3 Y 2 Ge 3 O 12 :0.04Sm3+:0.003Pr3+ based WLED exhibited a low CCT and a high R a. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CaSnO 3 : Pr3+ phosphor for new application in temperature sensing was investigated. CaSnO 3 : 0.3%Pr3+ had distorted orthorhombic perovskite structure and Pr3+ occupied Ca2+ sites due to their similar ionic radii. CaSnO 3 : 0.3%Pr3+ had spherical particles with mean size of 0.816 μm. The electric dipole−dipole interaction could explain the concentration quenching mechanism. The chromaticity coordinates were (0.1324, 0.3847), located in greenish-blue region and the average afterglow decay time was 60.2 s for CaSnO 3 : 0.15%Pr3+, which had potential applications for LED and emergency lighting. CaSnO 3 : 0.3%Pr3+ had the activated energy of 0.380 eV. The maximum relative temperature sensitivity for CaSnO 3 : 0.3%Pr3+ was 7.57% K−1 at 298 K and relative sensitivity was as high as 6722.76/T2 K−1, which was better than that of most Pr3+ doped phosphors and had potential application in temperature sensing. Moreover, the possible luminescence and long afterglow mechanisms and thermal quenching process of 3P 0 level through IVCT state were proposed. Unlabelled Image • Pr3+ doped CaSnO 3 phosphor for new application in temperature sensing. • S r value of 6722.7557/T2 K−1 was better than that of most Pr3+ doped phosphors. • CaSnO 3 : 0.3%Pr3+ had spherical particles with mean particle size of 0.816 μm. • τ avg is 60.2 s for CaSnO 3 : 0.15%Pr3+, potential application in emergency lighting. • Possible luminescence and long afterglow mechanisms were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Egg albumin assisted sol-gel synthesis of Eu3+ doped SnO 2 phosphor. • The concentration quenching mechanism was attributed to the dipole-quadrupole interaction type. • SnO 2 : 2%Eu3+ had high relative sensitivity of 3.214 % K−1 at 298 K (2854.42/T2 K−1). • A promising phosphor for possible applications in temperature sensing. SnO 2 : Eu3+ phosphors were prepared via egg albumin assisted sol-gel method. The typical sample SnO 2 : Eu3+ had tetragonal rutile structure. The sample SnO 2 : Eu3+ had irregular lamellar structure and serious agglomeration. The optical bandgap values of samples were in the range of ∼3.92–4.36 eV. When Eu3+ concentration was 2.0 %, concentration quenching of dipole-quadrupole (d-q) interaction type occurred. Based on the non-thermally coupled energy level fluorescence intensity ratio, the sample SnO 2 : 2%Eu3+ had the maximum absolute sensitivity of ∼0.87565 K−1 at 373 K. The relative sensitivity was estimated to be 2854.42/T2 K−1, and the maximum relative sensitivity was 3.214 % K−1 at 298 K, which had great potential application in the field of temperature sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of red emitting phosphors Mg 3 Y 2-x Ge 3 O 12 :xSm3+ (0≤x ≤ 0.06) were successfully synthesized. Samples Mg 3 Y 2-x Ge 3 O 12 :Sm3+ exhibited a cubic structure pertaining to the I a-3d (230) space group and the particle sizes range from 1 μm to 5 μm. The optical properties displayed that the optimum doping concentration of Sm3+ is 4%. The phosphor Mg 3 Y 1.96 Ge 3 O 12 :0.04Sm3+ not only exhibited a broad band gap of 5.54 eV but also showed a high color purity of 97.6%. In addition, the strongest emission intensity located at 566 nm belonged to the 4G 5/2 → 6H 5/2 transition when excited at 405 nm. Thermal quenching test revealed that the sample Mg 3 Y 1.96 Ge 3 O 12 :0.04Sm3+ are excellent powders with splendid thermal stability, in which only 3.6% of the PL intensity is quenched at 473 K in comparison with that of 298 K. As a result, the W-LEDs based on Mg 3 Y 1.96 Ge 3 O 12 :0.04Sm3+ yielded a high R a of 91.1, a low CCT of 4881 K, and CIE coordinates of (0.3476, 0.3466) in a 20 mA driven current. This research work provided important guidance for the synthesis of Sm3+ doped red component with excellent luminesce properties and high thermal stability characteristics used in W-LEDs. • The phosphor Mg 3 Y 1.96 Ge 3 O 12 :0.04Sm3+ not only exhibited a broad band gap of 5.54 eV but also showed a high color purity of 97.6%. • The sample Mg 3 Y 1.96 Ge 3 O 12 :0.04Sm3+ are excellent powders with splendid thermal stability. • The W-LEDs based on Mg 3 Y 1.96 Ge 3 O 12 :0.04Sm3+ exhibited an excellent electroluminesce performance in a 20 mA driven current. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhanced photoluminescence and high temperature sensitivity of a novel Pr3+ doped SrSnO 3 /SnO 2 composite phosphor was investigated. The typical samples had SrSnO 3 and SnO 2 phases and spherical morphology with mean particle size of 421 nm. The presence of SnO 2 phase could contribute to improving crystallinity of SrSnO 3. The optical bandgap values of Pr3+ doped SrSnO 3 /SnO 2 composite phosphors were in the range of ~3.85–~3.88 eV. Enhanced photoluminescence intensity of the typical Pr3+ doped SrSnO 3 /SnO 2 composite phosphor was attributed to the effective energy transfer from host material to Pr3+ ions. The typical samples had the greenish-blue emission. The d-d or d-p interaction could explain the Pr3+–Pr3+ energy transfer mechanism. The activated energy value was 0.206 eV for SrSnO 3 : 0.6%Pr3+ phosphor and 0.429 eV for SrSnO 3 /SnO 2 : 0.16%Pr3+ composite phosphor. The maximum relative sensitivity of SrSnO 3 /SnO 2 : 0.16%Pr3+ was estimated to be 5.727% K−1 at 303 K (5257.83/T2), which was very prominent and excellent, compared with that of SrSnO 3 : 0.6%Pr3+, for temperature sensitivity application. The possible mechanism for the greenish-blue emission and the thermal quenching process of 3P 0 level through IVCT state were proposed from the configurational coordinate diagram. Enhanced photoluminescence and high temperature sensitivity of Pr3+-doped SrSnO 3 /SnO 2 composite phosphor was investigated. Excessive SnO 2 did not quench the Pr3+ luminescence, but enhanced its photoluminescence. The possible mechanism for the greenish-blue emission and the thermal quenching process of 3P 0 level through IVCT state were proposed from the configurational coordinate diagram. The high S r of 5257.83/T2 was obtained. Our work expands the design thought on the optical thermometric material, which may provide a promising pathway to develop high optical temperature sensing. Image 1 • High temperature sensing and enhanced PL of Pr3+ doped SrSnO 3 /SnO 2 composite phosphor. • The CIE chromaticity coordinates are in the region of greenish-blue light. • IVCT state interfered thermometers with the high S r of 5.727% K−1 at 303 K (5257.83/T2). • Ranking among the highest ones for inorganic optical thermometric materials reported before. • Providing a promising pathway to develop high optical temperature sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two series of Eu3+ ions activated high performance red-emitting phosphors Ba 2(1-x) AGe 2 O 7 : 2xEu3+ (A = Mg, Zn, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) were synthesized by high-temperature solid-state procedure. The research results showed that the host lattice Ba 2 MgGe 2 O 7 possess higher band gap than that of Ba 2 ZnGe 2 O 7 , and all the Ba 2(1-x) MgGe 2 O 7 : 2xEu3+ (BMGO: 2 xEu3+, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) and Ba 2(1-x) ZnGe 2 O 7 : 2xEu3+ (BZGO: 2 xEu3+, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) phosphors crystallized in a tetragonal unit cell with the space group of P 421 m (113). Compared with other phosphors in the same series, the samples BMGO: 0.30 Eu3+ and BZGO: 0.25 Eu3+ presented the highest absorption intensity when monitoring at 616 nm under 395 nm excited, respectively. Moreover, the samples BMGO: 0.30 Eu3+ and BZGO: 0.25 Eu3+ not only exhibited high color purity of 90% and 90.3%, respectively, but also possess excellent thermal stability. Unsurprisingly, the WLED devices based on BMGO: 0.30 Eu3+ and BZGO: 0.25 Eu3+ as the red-emitting components displayed good luminescence properties, especially the color rendering index (CRI, R a) R 9 represented the saturation of colour of illuminated objects exhibited a high value of 89.6 and 82.3, respectively. In contrast, the WLED device based on BMGO: 0.30 Eu3+ as red-emitting phosphors presented better electroluminescence performances than those of BZGO: 0.25 Eu3+ on account of its much favorable crystal structure, PL performance and thermal stability. Image 1 • Ba 2 AGe 2 O 7 : Eu3+ were synthesized as red-emitting phosphors. • BMGO:0.3Eu3+ and BZGO:0.25Eu3+ exhibit excellent color purity and thermal stability. • BMGO:0.3Eu3+ and BZGO:0.25Eu3+ based WLED present excellent luminescence properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High temperature sensitivity phosphor based on an old material red emitting CaTiO 3 : Pr3+ phosphor prepared via H 3 BO 3 flux assisted solid-state reaction is reported. The typical sample possesses the orthorhombic perovskite phase and no impurity is found. The optical bandgap value is ~3.59 eV. There exists a single red emission with ideal color purity. The average long-afterglow decay time is 87.7s, the average trap depth is 0.76 eV. The maximum absolute sensitivity at 473 K is equal to ~0.0258 K-1 and the maximum relative sensitivity is estimated to be 7.69% K−1 at 298 K with the resolution of 0.26–0.65 K, indicating the suitability of the material for temperature sensitivity application. A possible mechanism for the quenching of 3P j emission at room temperature and the thermal quenching process of 1D 2 level through intervalence charge transfer state are proposed from the configurational coordinate diagram. Image 1 • High temperature sensitivity phosphor based on H 3 BO 3 flux assisted CaTiO 3 : Pr3+. • The CIE chromaticity coordinates are very close to that of the ideal red light. • IVCT state interfered thermometers with maximal S a and S r is ~~0.0258 K-1 and~ 7.69% K−1. • Ranking among the highest ones for inorganic optical thermometric materials reported before. • Providing a promising pathway to develop high optical temperature sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title solid solution is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Ni0.5Mn0.5(OH)2, Li2CO3, and LiF (900-950 °C, 20-40 h). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]