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Studying the quality of journalism in Portugal is important, given the current financial crisis the business landscape is going through, where newsrooms are increasingly smaller and with precarious working conditions. In this context, how do Portuguese television and radio journalists assess the quality of journalism practised in Portugal and the conditions they have to produce news? This article seeks to answer two research questions, through the use of semistructured interviews with 11 radio and television journalists in Portugal: (a) how do television and radio journalists define quality journalism; and (b) how do television and radio journalists assess the quality of journalism produced in Portugal? The interviewees stressed the importance of following the profession's ethical rules, maintaining accuracy and impartiality, as well as other more formal aspects, such as the quality of their writing or the ability to captivate their audience. As for the conditions needed to practise good journalism, the importance of time and job stability stood out, which the interviewees agreed are in short supply. Although the interviewees were not unanimous in their assessment of the quality of television and radio journalism in Portugal -- even the most positive ones had criticisms to make -- most of the journalists interviewed considered that their working conditions for producing good journalism fall short of what is desired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the higher education and science sector is characterized by a high prevalence of precarious labour contracts. This essay explores how academics in precarious and permanent positions interpret teaching and research activities, as well as the labour conditions under which these activities are developed, to discuss its roots and connections to the consolidation of this sector during the democratic period in Portugal. It reflects on the persisting legitimisation of closure mechanisms to the permanent integration of researchers in the academia that results in the normalisation of precarious labour, currently extending to all academic activities. This dual system fosters internal disparities, contributes to the reproduction of power structures and promotes an environment of exacerbated competition that hinders the fulfilment of the missions of higher education and science organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does the growing precariousness in employment and labor relations impact the construction of subjectivities and the personal and professional narratives of Portuguese working women? This research focuses on one of the distinctive aspects of this "class" - the precariat, which refers to highly educated young adults with jobs below these qualifications -, with the relations of production. More specifically, it focuses on women who believed that higher education would allow them to have a safe career/work trajectory. We conducted interviews with highly educated young women and adult women with precarious jobs, who perform functions below their academic qualifications. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis techniques, with the aid of the software Atlas/TI. The results show how precariousness means not only the uncertainty of salaried work but also, and above all, uncertainty as a way of life, of forms of subjection, and of bodies. This uncertainty extends to the whole sphere of life, producing subjectivities marked by anxiety, stress, pain, vulnerability, frustration, and hopelessness concerning the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, precarity has increased across a wide range of economic and productive sectors. The university is one of the clearest examples of how this phenomenon is not restricted to jobs with reduced education. Based on the critical review of two recently published works, O Ensino Superior e Desenvolvimento, by José Ferreira Gomes, and Nós Somos os Rankings! Precariedade, Reflexividade e Acção Social na Academia Neoliberalizada, by Ana Ferreira, the aim of this essay is to analyse, on the one hand, the relationship between the structural reconfiguration of higher education institutions and the increase in precarity in this area and, on the other, its impacts on the socio-professional condition of those who dedicate their lives to academic work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the problem of the vulnerability of teaching practices and, consequently, of the teaching-learning of adolescents and young people in the face of the precarious regime of education in high school in the state of Rio de Janeiro, whose historical process we call "favelization". The favelization of state public education, as well as the difficulties faced by teachers in the exercise of pedagogical practice, are part of an institutionalized project of precariousness of the role of the State in public secondary education offered to the most needy sections of the population of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Favelização do Ensino Médio is a "project" that has its historical roots in the unequal development of education, whose most affected beings are the black populations and the popular layers; for this reason it needs to be discussed and fought in its originais essence - which is basic education. The article's methodology of analysis is bibliographical research on sources that deal with the educational experience and its markers of inequalities. Public quantitative data offered by research institutions, theorists and theorists in the fields of Education, Sociology and Urban Studies help us to explain this process. We propose that the answer to the fight against the favelization of Secondary Education lies in the development of complementary disciplines and competences from basic education, aiming at a quality public school that provides training to teachers, equity and completeness of training for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article problematizes the enactment of the National Plan for the Completion of Primary and Secondary Studies in the province of La Pampa, Argentina. From a socio-political perspective, we analyze the jurisdictional strategy promoted by ministerial actors to sustain, within the framework of the national underfunding of politics, their schooling proposal. We propose that the precariousness that marks the FinEs Plan and its financing also produces the precarious, but more efficient conditions to make the right to education an act of provincial will that enables us to sustain the meaning of the Plan, but without the allocation of resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study analyses two constitutive elements of Brazilian education policies - privatization and precarious labor relations - in five subnational government school systems and bases itself on documentary research for the 2011-2018 period. Privatization is here understood as the transfer of state responsibilities and assets to the private sector, concerning curriculum, administration and educational offer. The precariousness of labor relations corresponds to the destabilization of steady jobs leading to social and economic vulnerability. The results show: philanthrocapitalist prevalence, curriculum as the most privatized dimension and the expansion of precarious job positions for teachers, a whole which corrodes public education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to understand how colonial images and imaginaries travel through games, based on advertising actions around them, and create mature conditions for the proliferation of free labor based on hope. The theme is framed from theoreticalepistemological precepts that problematize the relationship between labor and leisure in video games, a phenomenon that is better understood through the lens of coloniality. The gaze focuses on the advertising strategies of Operation Chrono in Brazil, the game Free Fire, along with campaigns by major advertisers in esports and soccer. The reinforcement of the neoliberal ideology and the profitable valorization of the forms of leisure and hope of aspiring players is identified, through the reproduction of rhetoric that reiterates the colonial matrix, the precariousness, the exploitation, and asymmetries of power in the industry and the esports ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The precariousness that conditions the musician's work has multiple articulations; one of them is the structural precariousness that neoliberal policies and the music industry accentuate in the world of musicians' work. A theoretical reflection is presented to approach the understanding of musical work in the current contemporary economy from the category of non-classical work. Categories are proposed to analyze musicians' work and how, with the current health crisis of SARS-Cov2, musicians have had to face a double crisis: precariousness and pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is inspired by one of Zygmund Bauman's powerful metaphors, the concept of liquid, to interpret the present configuration of jobs and ongoing changes in individuals' relationship with work. The later materialize in a time when welfare states' role is going through a process of transformation itself. The sociological framework informing the article is anchored in a Southern European country, Portugal, with an idiosyncratic work and welfare state trajectory. It is argued that, in the liquid phase of our social reality, forms of inclusion into the labour market, such as the ones disseminated through public (active) employment policies, entrap individuals in unstable and insecure forms of employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measuring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBTQI+ population is a challenge that has been guiding a group of researchers, activists, managers, etc. to fight against it. In particular, as in this article, these effects are analyzed based on the concepts of necropolitics, precarious lives, and the intersectionality of sexuality, gender, race, and social class. The effects of cisheterosexism, racism, and LGBTQIphobia are, in reference to the logic of capital, structuring and structural, reflecting, therefore, in the particularities of LGBTQI’s lives. This analysis reveals the importance of debating the impacts of the vulnerabilities and precariousness of these subjects, because if before the pandemic they already suffered the effects of discrimination, prejudice, and death in their daily lives, these elements impose themselves in a more radical way in the context of the pandemic. The data presented here point to the conditions of these precarious lives with more aggravations, mainly taken from the perspective of the intersectionality between sexuality, gender, race, and social class, within the framework of inequalities and the necrocapitalist and ultraliberal social relations. In this sense, this article intends to problematize issues that affect the LGBTQI+ population, such as violation, violence, oppression, and death, in order to point out ways of confronting and resisting in times of rising antidemocratic politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses sociability and labor configurations built by capital in the current phase of its accumulation, highlighting the context of the pandemic, its effects on the labor market and the renewed strategies of management, control, and disciplining of the workforce. It analyzes the general determinations of the capitalist crisis and the mechanisms of recomposition of its domain, through the work mediated by the information and communication technologies and forms of overexploitation of the workforce that combine the modern and the archaic. In this context, it considers that the expansion of informality and precariousness in contemporary society, as well as the ideologies that guide the formation of a new type of worker, constitute the vectors that determine the ways of being, thinking, and acting of the working classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the precariousness and precariousness of the working class's existential and working conditions, the emergence of the precariat as a "new layer" of that class and the intensification of the precariousness and precariousness of the working class with the productive restructuring of capital and its current phase of accumulation. The film "You were not here" is used to emphasize some of the precarious and precarious aspects of the existential and working conditions of salaried workers around the world. Some brief considerations are also made about how SARS-COV-2 opens up the precarious and precarious situation of the working class, intensified by the austerity economic policy in the social area and the labor easing of neoliberal capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The socio-professional condition of journalists has undergone profound changes over the past few decades. These result from a succession of crises that have affected the media in the context of a combined process of liberalization and digitalization. In addition to changes in production routines, newsrooms underwent restructuring operations, responsible for the recomposition of their workforce. Between collective redundancies, increased unemployment, fixed-term contracts, "green receipts", discontinuous and intermittent forms of work, low wages, free work and low cost of interns, precariousness began, step by step, to characterize the journalistic condition. Based on the results of the "Study on the Effects of the State of Emergency on Journalism in the Context of Pandemic Covid-19", this article aims to analyse the implications of these policies on journalists' employment relations. The main objective is to understand to what extent media companies' response to this new reality represents a setback of the logic behind precariousness or, on the contrary, its acceleration. The study aims, firstly, to produce a diagnosis on employment relationships before the state of emergency declaration (SED) -- between March and April 2020 --, namely the incidence of temporary modalities and their relationship with factors such as gender or age. At a second step, the consequences of SED at this level will be analysed, mainly with regard to the use of temporary contracts, dismissals or lay-offs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses collective practices of horticultural producers, grouped in the Movement of Excluded Workers, analyzing the ways in which political construction is embodied in precarious experiences. We place this experience in a scenario of great public visibility and social conflict on the part of the family agriculture sector in Argentina in recent years. We argue that the need to "sustain life", within the framework of deep and historic precarious conditions, enabled the collective construction of union organizational forms that involved the production of politics and therefore the formation of political subjects. From an ethnographic approach and within the framework of participatory research, we propose to (re) think the horizons of possibility for political action in the subaltern sectors, in a context of retraction of rights and wellbeing around work and life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the professional and economic activity of female Spanish artists, based on the results obtained in a study conducted by the authors nationwide with data provided by over 1,100 artists. It is the first in-depth analysis of the plastic and/or visual arts sector in Spain, their professional activity and economic and work circumstances, their relationship with art market agents and the historical evolution in recent decades. The group of female artists, comprising 52% of the total, has been identified, and their circumstances contextualized and analyzed in comparison with those of men and global data, within the current economic situation in Spain. In addition to describing general aspects of the artistic activity of women in Spain, and their relationship with the market, data are provided that reaffirm our hypothesis about the degree of precariousness and inequality suffered by Spanish female artists, exacerbated by their lower visibility in the art system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents some conceptual observations on how the condition of poverty is brought to public attention and discussed, i.e. on mediations of poverty. It is proposed that such mediation is largely monopolised by those who are not-poor, though attempts to describe the not-poor as a category call for circumspection. As such, mediations are based on preconceptions which are seldom examined carefully. These preconceptions are dubbed phenomenal bases here, and three are outlined in general terms: poverty as experience, visible poverty, and poverty in abstract. A final section considers 'fear of poverty' as a pervasive idea, and speculates on the possibility of approaching political economy accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biblical text of Gal 4:4 is the only Pauline text in which we find a mention of Paul to the mother of the Son of God, in the context of the literary unity of the pericope Gal 4:1-7, where the Apostle makes his biblical demonstration of our divine sonship by faith in Christ Jesus, marking the "heart" of this little literary unit. Paul touches on the theme of the incarnation of Christ and our filial adoption. By affirming that Christ "was born of woman" Paul means that Christ is fully man. Moreover, when he states that he was "born under the law" he means that Christ belonged to the Jewish people, with all its Jewish tradition in religious, political, social and cultural terms. Although it is a difficult passage, it is worth analyzing some details of this text. Moreover, being the only Pauline mention of the mother of the Son of God, this text has aroused much discussion, since the Pauline formulation is not as clear as in the Gospels, where we find this woman's name: Mary, and that she was virgin. Finally, a study of the Mother of the Son of God in the New Testament, to be complete, cannot ignore the Pauline text of Gal 4:4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the structural processes and contextual factors of the U.S.-México border that framed the decision of some deportees to live on the streets of the border city of Tijuana during the first decades of the 21st century. Based on an ethnographic research and the construction of longitudinal data, the article analyzes how deportation, easy access to drugs, and the increase of violence in the border areas of northern Mexico created a situation of entrapment at the border for those deportees with no social networks in the city. Lacking the possibility of crossing again to the U.S. due to the strengthening of the geopolitical border, the hardening of immigration policies, and violence surrounding drug trafficking, this article argue how some deportees decided to inhabit the streets of Tijuana as an extreme alternative to subsistence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on an ongoing ethnographic research project with cooperatives of street vendors that are part of the Confederation of Workers of Popular Economy (CTEP), a recently formed union in Argentina whose objective is to represent workers of the "popular economy". This research project aims to contribute to studies about the ways in which the so called "popular sectors" develop creative practices from their precarious positions to deal with the production and reproduction of life. In this work an analysis is done on the way in which this experience of precarity enabled a process of collective construction that connects a living past, anchored in subjective experiences, with a future that projects this experience in political terms in the form of a union. This article asserts that this process of collective construction creates tension between classical work divisions, such as formal/informal, salaried employee/non-salaried employee, worker movements/social movements, to the extent that wage earning work operates as a platform from which subjectivities are projected, less as material to be transformed and more as a foundation for generating collective rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on an ongoing ethnographic research project with cooperatives of street vendors that are part of the Confederation of Workers of Popular Economy (CTEP), a recently formed union in Argentina whose objective is to represent workers of the "popular economy". This research project aims to contribute to studies about the ways in which the so called "popular sectors" develop creative practices from their precarious positions to deal with the production and reproduction of life. In this work an analysis is done on the way in which this experience of precarity enabled a process of collective construction that connects a living past, anchored in subjective experiences, with a future that projects this experience in political terms in the form of a union. This article asserts that this process of collective construction creates tension between classical work divisions, such as formal/informal, salaried employee/non-salaried employee, worker movements/social movements, to the extent that wage earning work operates as a platform from which subjectivities are projected, less as material to be transformed and more as a foundation for generating collective rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the crossroad of the autobiographic genre and cinema in the context of the legacy of Brazilian civil-military dictatorship, this article aims to investigate singular modes of enunciation and subjectivation as staged by two autobiographical documentaries: "Os dias com ele" (Brazil, 2012), by Maria Clara Escobar, and "Diário de uma busca", by Flávia Castro (Brazil, 2011). Filmed by daughters of political exiles and prisoners, these works produce two different types of positions of a female in search of a paternal figure, in which exile, memory, testimony and even argument about the movie in progress coexist. Confronted with the problem of the daughter's secondary role in comparison to the father's politicals utopias, faced with the experience of the failure of the left in Brazil, "Os dias com ele" and "Diário de uma busca" propose a journey from the private to the political and from the father to the country through an ethics of precariousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article gives visibility to the process of inclusion-precariousness-exclusion, outlining possible power relations in that street artisans, as modes of subjectification, are enrolled in some Brazilian cities (Caxias do Sul [rs], Belo Horizonte, and Juiz de Fora [mg]). Discursive practices (videos, newspaper reports, government actions, Public Policy, and scientific texts) are examined as possible conditions for this population, from a genealogical approach (questioning what is taken as evidence) and a mapping approach (search for processuality of the objects). Noting the existence of bifurcations in subjectification modes: on one hand, the artist (approaching the standard; on the other, the marginal (marked by violence and insecurity). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The productive restructuring imposes new uses to the territory, being able to identify as current urban territorial transformations: the competition among cities for private investments, the increase of socio-spatial inequality, privatization and new forms of use of public spaces, diminution of the encounter and relations between class, weakening and fragmentation of the urban social fabric. These processes will affine on sociability and interpersonal links, exacerbating individual projects and weakening the capacity for building the collective. This impacts on the different collective subjects of territorial base, fundamentally in those who live in precarious contexts, in their forms of organization, mobilization and ability to add interests to the public and / or political agenda. In effect, this exploratory study aims to analyze, from the existing bibliographic references and the accumulated empirical that the university group presents, the impacts generated by socio-urban economic transformations, as well as the changes in the public policy matrix on the different collective subjects of territorial. Specifically, the analysis focuses on those located in the northeast of Montevideo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of the 1990s and especially from the start of the 2000s, new forms of a popular economy developed in France and in Europe in general: informal street-market economies where face-to-face relations and a shared otherness prevail. The Parisian flea markets are examples of the precarious conditions in which they emerge and their potential to act as a socializing dynamic, insofar as they provide opportunities of re-socialization for those who are excluded from the formal economy and/or have lost their attachment to work, friends or family. They also serve as entry points to the city for newly-arrived immigrants. As such, these markets are outstanding places for socialization. But of what kinds? What is the link between their social and economic dynamics and how do the many different social identities of the participants interact? To answer those questions, our hypothesis is that these new forms of a popular economy in Europe are an ideal venue for the alternative forms of (re)socialization from below, where it is not so much the neighborhood that forms the basis of an alternative society, but rather the market as a globalized territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the analysis of El baile de los niños, by Diego Ramírez Gajardo, and the activities of the poetry and editorial workshop he directs, this article analyzes the manifestations of "precariousness" in contemporary Chilean poetry and its relationship with globalization as a regime which generates subjectivities. In Ramírez's poetic practice, precariousness is posed in two strategic ways: vulnerability and liberating revolution, which show the situation of young subjects in globalized Chile and their search for spaces of resistance. Practices of the youths, such as dance and sexuality, are key in the textual and extratextual proposal of this poet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eve is a little girl of six months born in a dirty squat from a lost and isolated mother. Collected by social services in an advanced state of malnutrition, she will be handled in a medical institution that will make everything that is possible to save her. Social insecurity is not unrelated to the symbolic precariousness of her psychotic and anorexic mother. Been orientated by psychoanalysis can give every opportunity for this child to be born again in her desire and to separate herself from a mortiferal jouissance that does not allow the symbolic inscription of the Subject into the desire of the Other. From isolation to subjective loneliness, Eve reborn to life. Clinical Evidence and political engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I examine the extent to which gender is a commodity in the Portuguese call centre regime of value creation; and how gendered products of labour are embedded in both historical local gender idioms and neoliberal trends associated with recent class and employment restructurings of the European economy (precarity). Despite the existence of some formal academic studies and various activist essays in web-based journals focusing on the gendered nature of precarious work, the empirical analysis and theoretical articulation of immaterial labour regimes of value creation, precarity and gender relations remains underdeveloped. This omission in the available literature greatly contributes to an implicit acceptance of immateriality and precarity as gender-neutral realms, an assumption which, as I show in this article, may lead to faulty understandings regarding contextual specificities in the constitution of gendered neoliberal subjectivities and inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we analyze the extent of the precarization of the labour force in Portugal as for the structure of the active population, its consequences (especially concerning poverty) and finally the relationship between the increasing precarization of the workforce in Portugal today and the use of social security funds to manage the consequences arising from this precarization. We conclude that there is enough evidence to establish that there is an ongoing trend in the Portuguese labour market which we call "'eugenization' of the workforce", in which the state defines global policies that point to a) a drastic reduction of pensions and of pensioners' rights b) the removal from the labour market of the less qualified workforce, which has more rights, to replace it with a precarious workforce with more formation, more productive, but which usually performs tasks below their qualifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents some data on self-employment in Brazil based on results from PNAD (National Household Sample Survey) and Censuses (IBGE - Brazilian Institute Of Geography and Statistics), used to outline the general profile of this study. This data complements the results of a qualitative study based on semistructured interviews applied to a small number of self-employed workers in a neighborhood of Porto Alegre to obtain information that could validate the theory that self-employment is not always and necessarily informal and precarious. Results obtained from the small sample group preliminarily support this validation although generalization is not yet possible. Results indicate that self-employed workers may formalize their occupational status to meet the legal requirements of establishing an economic activity, which opposes the assumption that this category of employment coincides with the condition of informality in the labor market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article theoretically analyzes how precariousness of work and employment isn't limited to unskilled labor and progressively extends to skilled work, proposing a dynamic approach centered on power. The results of a study based on this approach, among a highly skilled profession - the science professionals - are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]