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In recent years, capping molecules onto the surface of nanomaterials has become an interesting field of research. This idea facilitates the biological applications of nanomaterials with a modified surface. Keeping this in mind, the present study addresses the development of polymeric platinum nanoparticles using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). High‐throughput characterization indicates that polymeric platinum nanoparticles have an excellent surface morphology and good dispersity in aqueous solution. More specifically, high resolution‐transmission electron microscopy studies showed that the polymeric platinum nanoparticles were spherical and measured 2–10 nm. Furthermore, the polymeric platinum nanoparticles were evaluated for anticancer properties against human MCF‐7 breast cancer cell lines. The results show that polymeric platinum nanoparticles inhibited the growth of cancer cells in a dose‐dependent manner with a half‐maximum inhibitory concentration of 96.36 μg ml−1. In addition, fluorescence‐based staining methods confirmed an inquest in the pattern of cell death inferring late apoptotic bodies, nuclear fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential and generation of reactive oxygen species. The overall findings suggest that the polymeric platinum nanoparticles confer anticancer activity and may be suitable chemotherapeutic agents in the future. Finally, the results from this study can be extended to other types of cancer as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In recent era, the interest on inorganic nanoparticles is augmenting due to their engrossing and uncanny properties. Among them, platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) are highly remarkable owing to their intrinsic physicochemical and biological properties making them an effective candidate towards catalytic and biomedical applications. Nevertheless, conventional physical and chemical methodologies of PtNPs synthesis are among the most prevalent protocols to synthesize PtNPs of desired shape and size. However, the above methods create notable concern to health and environment due to the use of harsh and toxic chemicals as well as violent reaction conditions. Hence, an economic, eco-friendly, non-toxic and sustainable route for the synthesis of PtNPs is the need of the hour to circumvent the shortcomings associated with conventional methodologies. In this aspect, the approach of green synthesis has lightened up the way for the environmentally benign synthesis of PtNPs. Interestingly, this review focuses chiefly on the green synthesis of PtNPs from various biological entities such as microorganisms, plants, seaweeds and other innovative miscellaneous protocols. Furthermore, it also summarizes the potential biomedical applications of PtNPs especially as an antibacterial agent and their role as nanomedicine. Overall, the emerging biogenic synthesis of PtNPs makes it feasible to foresee more promising biomedical outcomes in the upcoming future. Graphical Abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • Biogenic platinum nanoparticles are remarkable agents in the field of biological science. • An immense scope is on par with biogenic platinum nanoparticles for their utility values. • Biogenic platinum nanoparticles admit a promising role in the field of biomedicine for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Flower-like bimetallic (Au@Pt) nanoparticles were synthesized using Carica papaya leaf extract. • Optical, structural, and functional properties of the bimetallic nanoparticles were reported. • Bimetallic nanoparticles exhibit anti-proliferative and anti-migration effects against breast cancer cells. In this work, flower-like bimetallic (Au@Pt) nanoparticles were synthesized by using Carica papaya leaf extract. The optical, structural, and functional properties have been investigated. The UV– vis spectra inferred the formation of bimetallic nanoparticles with highly ordered crystalline structure as revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The TEM micrography revealed flower-like bimetallic nanoparticles of 150 ± 1.02 nm. The cytotoxicity of bimetallic nanoparticles was confirmed against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, which indicates their anti-proliferative effect (IC 50 value − 120 ± 2.32 µg mL−1). The developed flower-like bimetallic nanoparticles also displayed anti-migration effect by wound healing assay, making it sensibly valuable for cancer chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Multifaceted gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using marine red seaweed, G. verrucosa. • G. verrucosa play a major role in the formation of GNPs • AuNPs tested for biocompatibility against normal human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cell lines. Abstract In the present study, multifaceted gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were obtained by using Gracilaria verrucosa via facile green one-pot synthesis and characterized by means of high throughput techniques. Further, the obtained multifaceted AuNPs were tested for biocompatibility against normal human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cell lines. The results from the study revealed the occurrence of both isotropic and anisotropic nanoparticles as evidenced by UV–vis spectroscopy (520 nm), Transmission Electron Microscopy (isotropic and anisotropic AuNPs of size between 20–80 nm), X-ray diffraction analysis (crystalline gold metal), particle size distribution (73.12 nm) and zeta potential analysis (- 21.3 mV). Moreover, Fourier Transform - Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) disclosed the presence of proteins, phenolic and aromatic compounds that acted as capping/stabilizing agents during the formation of AuNPs. Further, the AuNPs synthesized using G. verrucosa showed no cytotoxic effect against HEK-293 cells as verified by MTT and trypan blue exclusion assays. In the end, AuNPs displayed effective cellular uptake within HEK-293 cells as substantiated by the fluorescence microscopic studies. To the best our knowledge, this is the first report on the synthesis of AuNPs using the marine red seaweed G. verrucosa and evaluation of their biocompatibility using human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Bioinspired gold nanoparticles were synthesized from the marine plant, P. tetrastromatica. • Transmission microscopy reveals that gold nanoparticles were pseudo-spherical in shape. • Anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activity of gold nanoparticles was studied against S. aureus. • Bioinspired gold nanoparticles displayed superior anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activity. The present study is proposed to evaluate the anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm efficacies of bioinspired gold nanoparticles obtained from marine plant, P. tetrastromatica using a simple, eco-friendly and cost-effective reduction method. The bioinspired gold nanoparticles were highly monodispersed with a pseudo-spherical diameter between 10 and 20 nm. Further, the bioinspired gold nanoparticles hold anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm efficacies by interacting with the thick peptidoglycan layer of S. aureus and can be a potential nanomaterial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomimetic gold nanoparticles of biological origin have created a significant impact on the field of biomedicine due to the great expectations of its applications. Because of this, the influences of biomimetic gold nanoparticles have been immensely studied, targeting various cancer cells. However, the impact of biomimetic gold nanoparticles against normal non-cancerous cells is scanty, which impose several limitations in their utility. Taking this as a challenge, we in this study report the biomimetic gold nanoparticles from marine seaweed Gelidium pusillum (G. pusillum) to evaluate its cytotoxic and biocompatible ability evidenced by fluorescence-based assays in cultured cells. The gold nanoparticles obtained in the study were spherical shaped with a mean diameter of 12 ± 4.2 nm. The seaweed extract plays a crucial role in stabilizing the gold nanoparticles to avoid aggregation and coalescence. At an IC 50 concentration of 43.09 ± 1.6 μgmL−1, the biomimetic gold nanoparticles were found to be toxic to cancerous cells (MDA-MB-231). Whereas, biomimetic gold nanoparticles exhibit significant biocompatibility with human embryonic kidney cells even at a higher concentration of 150 μgmL−1. The morphological based fluorescence assays confirmed the ability of biomimetic gold nanoparticles in inducing apoptosis and thereby kills cancer cells. Altogether, the gold nanoparticles were safe to normal cells and did not show a significant impact. Hence, the novel biomimetic gold nanoparticles hold potential as multifaceted agent and can further be taken up to various biomedical applications. Unlabelled Image • For the first time, biomimetic gold nanoparticle was achieved using Gelidium pusillum. • Biomimetic gold nanoparticles show unique morphological features by high-throughput characterization. • Biomimetic gold nanoparticles display stronger cytotoxicity and improved biocompatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]