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Alloy 625 plays a crucial role in high-pressure hydrogen environments typical of hydrogen refuelling stations, where cyclic temperature and loading conditions prevail. In this study, we reveal that hydrogen-induced ductility loss of nickel-based alloy 625 significant difference which change from 11.9% at slow strain rate to 20.1% at conventional strain rate. The difference can be attributed to a change in deformation mode: from dislocation slipping under slow strain rate to twinning under conventional strain rate. Specifically, hydrogen-refined deformation twins and the promotion of twin bundles under conventional strain rates diminish the twin-induced plasticity effect of the alloy. This shift in deformation mode also alters the hydrogen embrittlement mechanism across the two strain rates. These findings provide valuable insights for hydrogen embrittlement-resistant designing and evaluating hydrogen compatibility for alloy 625. [Display omitted] • The nickel-based alloy 625 has more significant hydrogen-induced ductility loss at 5 × 10−3 s−1 than that at 5 × 10−6 s−1. • The deformation mode change from dislocation slipping at 5 × 10−6 s−1 to twinning at 5 × 10−3 s−1. • Hydrogen weakens the TWIP effect of the alloy because of hydrogen refining DTs. • Hydrogen will promote the formation of deformation twin bundles, resulting in cracking along DTs. • A new mechanism of hydrogen-induced cracking along DTs in nickel-based alloys was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: In-feed antibiotics are commonly used to improve growth and gut health of weaning pigs. Due to anti-microbial resistance by extensively using antibiotics, however, in-feed antibiotics have been banned in Europe and China. Tremella fuciformis is a traditional edible fungus in China. Recent studies have found that Tremella fuciformis extract (TFE) has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immune-modulatory functions. Therefore, there is the potential to develop Tremella fuciformis as an alternative to antibiotics. Aims: The study was performed to explore the effects of TFE on growth performance, and biochemical and immunological parameters of weaned piglets under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Methods: Forty-eight weaned piglets were assigned into two groups with six pens (four piglets per-pen), receiving a control diet or a control diet with 400 mg/kg TFE (TFE), respectively. After 28 days of the trial, two piglets per pen were selected to be injected with LPS (50 μg/kg of BW) or an equivalent amount of sterile saline. Blood samples were collected at 0 and 3 h after LPS challenge. Key results: The results showed that TFE supplementation significantly increased the average daily gain (P < 0.05) and decreased the faecal score (P < 0.05) during the first week, improved the feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05) and BWt gain (P < 0.05) during the whole period. Piglets fed the TFE diet had higher plasma levels of white blood cells (P < 0.05) than that of piglets fed the control diet diet before the LPS challenge. Regardless of the dietary treatment, the LPS challenge significantly decreased the level of white blood cells, and increased the levels of red blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, total protein, interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α (all P < 0.05). Regardless of the LPS challenge, however, the concentrations of total protein, interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α were decreased (all P < 0.05) in the plasma of piglets fed the TFE diet compared with the control diet diet. Conclusions: In summary, the supplementation of TFE in the weaning diet could improve the growth performance and immunity of piglets. Implication: TFE could be used as a bioactive substance for improving growth and immune response in pig production. Due to the long-term use of antibiotics, pathogenic microorganisms have gradually developed drug resistance, threatening human health. This study found that Tremella fuciformis ferment substance could improve growth performance and immunity of piglets, and has the potential to replace feeding antibiotics. Tremella fuciformis ferment substance will greatly alleviate the emergence of resistance of pathogenic microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Chlorella vulgaris boosted the highest power production and NH 4 +-N assimilation. • The maximum power density 2.0 W m−3 was obtained under optimal conductions. • Microalgae lipid yield and oxidative stability increased under the electric field. • Microalgae promoted the relative abundance of electro-bacteria in anode chamber. Photosynthetic microalgae microbial fuel cells (PMMFCs) have an enormous potential for wastewater treatment and bioenergy recovery. However, to overcome low power generation problem, it is crucial to understand how the operational parameters influence the pathways and mechanisms of PMMFCs performance. In this study, microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris , Chlorella sp., Tetradesmus obliquus and Microcystis aeruginosa), light intensity (1400, 2100 and 3200 lx) and light/dark cycle (12/12, 18/6 and 24/0) were screened to promote the bioenergy recovery of PMMFCs. The highest power generation and electrochemical activity were obtained for Chlorella vulgaris under 3200 lx and cycle 18/6, with the maximum power density of 2.0 W m−3, and the lowest charge transfer resistance of 26.60 Ω and Tafel slope of 44.74 mV dec−1. Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between NH 4 +-N concentration in the cathode chamber and output voltage. Structural equation model further elucidated that NH 4 +-N indirectly regulated the output voltage via the negative association with dissolved oxygen. In addition, the by-product lipid reached 145 mg g−1 dry mass. Furthermore, the specific gravity, iodine value, and cetane number of the fatty acids met the production standards for biodiesel. The electroactive bacteria Propionibacteriaceae (24.45%) were the dominant genera. This study provided suitable microalgae species and crucial operating conditions for bioenergy recovery from electrochemical systems with high catalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds (NHCs) are hazardous, toxic, and persistent pollutants, thereby requiring urgent solutions. Herein, ZIF-67 was compounded with powder-activated carbon (PAC) to prepare Co/NC/PAC (NC i.e. nitrogen-doped carbon) particle electrodes for the electrocatalytic treatment of pyridine and diazines. Co/NC/PAC reflected the confinement of Co 3 O 4 /CoN/Co0 into the N-doped graphitic-carbon layer to generate both pyrrolic-N and graphitic-N active sites. Under the optimal conditions (0.3 A, 12 mL min−1, and initial pH 7.00), the degradation of four NHCs realized 90.2–93.7% efficiencies. The number and position of N atoms in NHCs directly affected the degradation efficiency. The following increasing order of facilitated degradation was recorded: pyridazine < pyrimidine < pyrazine < pyridine. The as-obtained Co/NC/PAC possessed the direct redox effect on NHCs, achieving fast electrocatalytic rate. Species like ·OH and H* were detected in Co/NC/PAC system with contributions to NHCs degradation estimated to 24% and 34%, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed H* susceptible to attacking the N position, while the meta-position of C was subject to hydroxyl radical (·OH) addition. Overall, degradation of NHCs was achieved by hydro-reduction, oxidation, ring opening cleavage, hydroxylation, and mineralization. Ring-cleavage and mineralization of NHCs provided a novel electrochemical strategy to refractory wastewater treatment. [Display omitted] • Efficient degradation and mineralization of NHCs by confined Co/NC/PAC electrodes. • Co 3 O 4 /CoN/Co0, pyrrolic-N, graphitic-N, and N-Co served as catalytic active centers. • The·OH and H* collectively dominated the ring-opening cleavage of NHCs. • The number and position variations of N atoms in NHCs affected degradation efficiency. • N-heterocyclic degradation was pursued by hydrogenation, hydroxylation, and cleavage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The material formed a new structure with huge specific surface area when La:Al = 1:3. • La 1 Al 3 -BTC had a high adsorption capacity of 210.3 mg P·g−1 and P/metal ratio. • La atoms replaced Al atoms in Al-BTC skeleton when forming La 1 Al 3 -BTC. • Main adsorption mechanism was the inter-sphere complexation between La and phosphate. • La 1 Al 3 -BTC had a relatively high negative adsorption energy on H 2 PO 4 -. Lanthanum (La) is constantly used in phosphorus removal due to its high affinity with phosphate. Herein, a novel La/Al bimetallic organic framework was developed to improve the usage efficiency of La species. The effects of metal ratio, pH value and competitive anions were investigated, through which the adsorption mechanism was further explained. Results showed that when the doped La:Al ratio was 1:3, the absorbent (La 1 Al 3 -BTC) achieved the most excellent adsorption capacity of 210.3 mg P·g−1 and usage efficiency (P/metal ratio = 1.09). La 1 Al 3 -BTC can adapt to the wide pH range and multitudinous coexisting ions in real water, and its adsorption process was in accordance with Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models. Surface morphology of materials transformed from rod-like crystal to amorphous structure as the increase of Al doping. La replaced some Al atoms and embedded in Al-BTC skeleton. The specific surface area raised from 9.27 m2·g−1 of La-BTC to 257.01 m2·g−1 of La 1 Al 3 -BTC. The main mechanism for the adsorption of phosphate was the inner-sphere complexation occurred in the La active sites. Electron migration between different metals enhanced the adsorption process. Density-function theory (DFT) calculation well matched the experimental phenomenon. Overall, the development of La 1 Al 3 -BTC presented new potential applications for enhanced phosphorus removal and provided new insights for the design of La-based adsorbents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A promising heterojunction photoelectrocatalyst Sg-CN1/BMO5 were synthetized. • Sg-CN1/BMO5 performed eminent ability of photogenerated electron and hole pairs separation and photoelectrocatalysis. • Chloroquine degradation was realized through synergetic effects accomplished by the novel catalyst, visible light and low current. • CQ molecule was decomposed by the form of alkane chain shedding, pyridine ring splitting and chlorine atom abscission. • The toxicity of degradation intermediates has been reduced compared with CQ molecule degraded by Sg-CN1/BMO5 assisted with PEC system. Photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) is a promising method for contaminant treatment, the preparation of photoelectrocatalyst is momentous for realization of superior PEC degradation efficiency. Herein, sulfur-doping g-CN and oxygen vacancy regulated bismuth molybdate heterojunction Sg-CN1/BMO5 was synthesized for chloroquine phosphate (CQ) degradation. Benefiting from band gap re-building and enhanced electronic transmission, the heterojunction displayed outstanding photoelectrocatalytic ability, and 90.2% of CQ can be degraded within 120 min. The degradation activity of Sg-CN1/BMO5 has been testified by pseudo-first-order rate constant, which was 3.03 and 2.66 folds of g-CN and BM. The enhanced photoelectrocatalytic effect was attributed to the boosted visible light adsorption ability, recombination suppression of photogenerated carriers and accelerated charge transfer process of the heterojunction. Radical capture experiments and electron spin-resonance (ESR) results revealed that the hydroxyl radical (OH), superoxide radical (O 2 –) and hole (h+) dominated the CQ degradation. Furthermore, the CQ degradation pathway and toxicity evaluation of intermediates were proposed based on DFT calculation and LC-MS identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of ∑3 twin boundaries (∑3s) on hydrogen embrittlement behavior of Ni-based superalloy 718 was investigated by uniaxial tensile tests. The hydrogen resistance is improved with the fraction of ∑3s increasing after grain boundary engineering treatment. A high fraction of ∑3s can effectively reduce the nucleation sites of cracks and suppress the further propagation. ∑3s also act as potential sites for hydrogen-induced crack initiation. A distinct morphology of γ′′/γ′ co-precipitates and γ′ precipitates with one-to-one correspondence along the ∑3s is observed. The mechanism of hydrogen-induced ∑3s cracking is extensively discussed in terms of precipitates and hydrogen distribution. • Grain boundary engineering treatment can introduce a high fraction of ∑3s and disrupt the connectivity of random grain boundaries network. • The hydrogen resistance is improved by grain boundary engineering treatment. • A distinctive morphology of γ′′/γ′ co-precipitate and particle-like configuration γ′ precipitate with one-to-one correspondence along the ∑3s is observed. • Hydrogen-induced cracks can initiate at the γ″/γ and γ″/γ′ interfaces along ∑3s due to the larger lattice misfit and hydrogen segregation. • ∑3s with precipitates-free and γ′-decorated zones can suppress the propagation of cracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

6-[18F]Fluorodopamine (6-[18F]F-DA) is a positron emission tomography radiopharmaceutical used to image sympathetic cardiac innervation and neuroendocrine tumors. Imaging with 6-[18F]F-DA is constrained, in part, by the bioactivity and neurotoxicity of 6-[19F]fluorodopamine. Furthermore, routine access to this radiotracer is limited by the inherent difficulty of incorporation of [18F]fluoride into electron-rich aromatic substrates. We describe the simple and direct preparation of high specific activity (SA) 6-[18F]F-DA from no-carrier-added (n.c.a.) [18F]fluoride. Incorporation of n.c.a. [18F]fluoride into a diaryliodonium salt precursor was achieved in 50-75% radiochemical yields (decay corrected to end of bombardment). Synthesis of 6-[18F]F-DA on the IBA Synthera® and GE TRACERlab FX-FN automated platforms gave 6-[18F]F-DA in >99% chemical and radiochemical purities after HPLC purification. The final non-corrected yields of 6-[18F]F-DA were 25 ± 4% ( n = 4, 65 min) and 31 ± 6% ( n = 3, 75 min) using the Synthera and TRACERlab modules, respectively. Efficient access to high SA 6-[18F]F-DA from a diaryliodonium salt precursor and n.c.a. [18F]fluoride is provided by a relatively subtle change in reaction conditions - replacement of a polar aprotic solvent (acetonitrile) with a relatively nonpolar solvent (toluene) during the critical radiofluorination reaction. Implementation of this process on common radiochemistry platforms should make 6-[18F]F-DA readily available to the wider imaging community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diaryliodonium salts are powerful and widely used arylating agents in organic chemistry. Here we report a scalable synthesis of densely functionalized diaryliodonium salts from aryl iodides under mild conditions. This two-step, one-pot process has remarkable functional group tolerance, is compatible with commonly employed acid-labile protective group strategies, avoids heavy metal and transition metal reagents, and provides a direct route to stable precursors to PET imaging agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cisplatin (CDDP) combined with pemetrexed (MTA) is commonly employed in the treatment of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer. However, conventional clinical administration methods fail to achieve precise spatiotemporal delivery within the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in inadequate control of local drug concentrations and impeding the synergistic efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. Aiming to address this issue, Fe2O3 hollow multi‐shelled structure (HoMS) nanocarriers with spatiotemporally controlled release properties and co‐encapsulated CDDP and MTA into this nanocarrier are developed. The confined microenvironment provided by Fe2O3‐HoMS enables a targeted and temporal sequential drug release tailored to clinical requirements. Furthermore, chemotherapy‐induced DNA damage leads to apoptosis, accompanied by a substantial generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The disruption of ROS homeostasis subsequently activates the ferroptosis pathway mediated by Fe2O3‐HoMS. In summary, Fe2O3‐HoMS exhibits a highly controlled and temporal sequential release of two chemotherapeutic drugs in TME, and the HoMS nanocarriers are further involved in the regulation of ferroptosis, realizing a triple sequential delivery system comprising CDDP‐MTA‐Fe2+ and thus significantly enhancing the anti‐tumor efficacy against lung cancer. This study proposes a novel approach for temporal sequential drug delivery by optimizing nanocarrier design, addressing the clinical challenge of precisely controlled drug release within tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical recycling of end-of-life polylactic acid (PLA) plays roles in mitigating environmental pressure and developing circular economy. In this regard, one-pot tandem alcoholysis and hydrogenation of PLA was carried out to produce 1,2-propanediol, which is a bulk chemical in polymer chemistry. In more detail, the commercially available Raney Co was employed as the catalyst, and transformation was conducted in ethanol, which acted as nucleophilic reagent and solvent. Single-factor analysis and Box–Behnken design were used to optimize the reaction conditions. Under the optimized condition, three kinds of PLA materials were subjected to degradation. Additionally, 74.8 ± 5.5%, 76.5 ± 6.2%, and 71.4 ± 5.7% of 1,2-propanediol was yielded from PLA powder, particle, and straws, respectively, which provided a recycle protocol to convert polylactic acid waste into value-added chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conformations of polymers in solutions are of great importance, and scattering techniques prevail in detecting these conformations. However, most studies only focus on polymer species with high molecular weights or those well above their entanglement molecular weights, and studies on polymer solutions with low molecular weights, e.g., lower than 10,000 Da, are lacking. Here, the conformation of low molecular weight polymers in solutions with different concentrations was investigated via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Based on a site-specific chromophore-labeling protocol, the conformational information of the polymer was inferred from the end-to-end FRET response. In principle, the FRET efficiency increases with increasing polymer concentration since the size of the polymer coil decreases. For low molecular weight polymers, the trend of the FRET efficiency shows the opposite effect as the polymer concentration increases, which is rationalized by the counterbalance of the intrinsic size contraction (static item) of and terminal diffusion (dynamic item) from the polymer coil. The universality of this law is verified by similar results from the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) system. This work provides new efforts for the conformational study of polymer solutions and demonstrates that the diffusion effect should be taken into account for low molecular weight polymers but is negligible for polymers with high molecular weights. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate pre-harvest yield estimation facilitates the more rational allocation of resources. Previous methods of estimating fruit position, either directly from hardware or through Structure from Motion (SFM), encounter challenges such as high hardware costs, extensive computational resources, and repetitive counting. In this paper, we present a graph optimization-based system that tightly couples dual-frequency GNSS raw measurements and visual-inertial data to estimate pitaya state, including its position and radius. Firstly, the system utilizes a coarse-to-fine approach to estimate the transformations on three axes and align three complementary sensors to a unified coordinate system, thus reducing the computational complexity of pure visual navigation. Secondly, for the first time, this system analytically calculates the pitaya state using the single-view measurement output from the binocular camera, replacing expensive lidar. It employs this calculated state as the initial value, then optimizes the pitaya state and eliminates outliers by multiple reprojection residuals from multi-view measurements. Next, for the first time, we integrate ionospheric-free pseudorange and Doppler residuals into the visual-inertial factor graph, thereby mitigating multipath interference in double-layer film greenhouse and providing a unique ID and position for each pitaya. Finally, we calculate the weight of each pitaya using a cubic polynomial based on its radius and estimate the overall greenhouse yield by summing all individual weights. In greenhouse experiments, our system achieved an Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 7 cm for position estimation, 7 mm for radius estimation, and a weight Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of about 16% for individual pitaya. Overall, our system can provide cost-effective, real-time, non-repetitive, and low-missing pitaya yield estimation to assist greenhouse managers in decision-making. • A coarse-to-fine approach for three-axis alignment in GNSS-visual-inertial alignment. • An analytical approach for calculating fruit position and radius from binocular images. • An optimization-based approach to fuse visual-inertial data with ionospheric-free GNSS raw measurements. • An empirical cubic polynomial for estimating weight of individual pitaya from radius. • An evaluation of the accuracy and real-time performance of low-cost system in a double-layer film greenhouse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The critical overlap concentration C* is an important concept in polymer solutions and is defined as the boundary between dilute and semidilute regimes. In this study, the chain conformational changes of polystyrene (PS) with both high (Mn = 200,000 Da) and low (Mn = 13,000 Da) molecular weights in cis-decalin were compared by intrachain fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The random labeling of donor and acceptor chromophores strategy was employed for long PS chains, whereas chain-end labeling was used for short PS chains. By monitoring the spectroscopic intensity ratio between acceptor and donor, the concentration dependence on chain conformation from dilute to semidilute solutions was determined. Both long and short chains exhibit a conformational transition concentration, above which the polymer chains begin to collapse with concentration significantly. Interestingly, for randomly labeled polymer long chains, such concentration is consistent with C* determined from the viscosity result, below which only slight conformational change of polymer chain takes place. However, for the chain-end labeled short chain, the conformational transition concentration takes place earlier than C*, below which no significant polymer conformation change is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A scalable synthesis is presented which gives access to a wide range of very densely functionalized diaryliodonium salts from aryl iodides under mild conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystalline polymers can exhibit anomalous crystallization behaviors as restricted into nanodomains. Herein, syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) was infiltrated into nanoporous alumina templates with different pore diameters, and their nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization kinetics were investigated. As located inside nanopores, the crystallization of sPP becomes sluggish. The crystallization temperatures reveal a pronounced cooling rate dependence for sPP in large nanopores. At fast cooling rates, the homogeneous nucleation is dominated. While, at slow cooling rates, the splits of crystallization peaks can be ascribed to fractionated crystallizations initiated by heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation, respectively. For sPP in small nanopores, the homogeneous nucleation always predominates, which induces less cooling rate effect. In addition, based on the Avrami equation and Lauritzen-Hoffman growth theory, isothermal crystallization experiments indicate that the characteristic crystallization times of sPP under confinement are much longer, and both of the nuclei density and secondary nucleation rate are decreased for sPP confined in nanopores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the problem of finite-time event-triggered H ∞ control for switched linear systems with time-varying delay and norm-bounded exogenous disturbance. First by employing a state observer, an observer-based event-triggered controller is designed to guarantee the finite-time stabilization of the resulting dynamic augmented closed-loop system. Then based on Lyapunov-like function method and average dwell time technique, some sufficient conditions are given to ensure the finite-time stabilization of the H ∞ control system. A numerical example is finally exploited to verify the effectiveness and potential of the achieved control scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Self-assembly of Fe 3 O 4 composites with tannin's anisotropic control was proposed. • Fe 3 O 4 @tannin showed microalgal harvesting efficiency of 98.0%. • Mechanisms of interactions, forming chains, colliding and sweeping were analyzed. Anisotropic structures and size control are attracting extensive attention owing to the effect on magnetic behavior and microalgal harvesting performance. Herein, a natural polymeric tannin was chosen as the shaping ligand to control the self-assembly of tannin-coated Fe 3 O 4 (Fe 3 O 4 @tannin) for microalgal magnetic harvesting. Compared to naked Fe 3 O 4 , the Fe 3 O 4 @tannin presented a smaller hydrodynamic diameter of 287 nm, a larger magnetic saturation of 45.16 emu g−1, and a higher uptake capacity of 589.99 mg biomass per g of Fe 3 O 4 @tannin. Kinetic experimental data revealed that the magnetic harvesting followed a pseudo-second-order isotherm and the adsorption isotherm fitted the non-linear Freundlich model. The Fe 3 O 4 @tannin showed a good recycling potential with only a 7% decrease in harvesting efficiency after 5 cycles. The modified Deryaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) interaction energies among the particles were used to evaluate the algal aggregation mechanism. Furthermore, the results indicated that the magnetic force contributed to the total interaction energies across a wide range of interaction distances. In situ microscopic observation also confirmed the formation of Fe 3 O 4 @tannin-to-algae aggregates, which further combined to form chain clusters and collided with free algal cells in the magnetophoretic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A near-zero-waste hydrogenolysis of PLA to biofuels is developed. • > 95 % carbon recovery to easy-to-use oils and gas are achieved. • The oils are dominated by alcohols and esters, with a competitive HHV of ∼ 30 MJ/kg. • CO accounts for ∼ 99 % of the gas phase products formed. • Such hydrogenolysis provides a promising way for valorization of PLA or its wastes. Green recycling of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has become the future trend for its large-scale application to cope with the "white pollution" associated. In the present study, solvent-free catalytic hydrogenolysis of PLA powder was developed with a carbon utilization of 99 % and 100 % conversion. The primary products were oxygenated liquid fuels with HHV = 29.9 MJ/kg and CO gas (∼99 %, disregard of hydrogen reactant) without the formation of any solid residues. Such hydrogenolysis process was further verified by discarded PLA straws, which possessed 95 % carbon recovery, and the derived oil held an HHV = 30.3 MJ/kg. Benefiting from the solvent-free process and near-zero-waste products, this technique provides an extraordinarily sustainable pathway for recycling PLA and its spent plastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) has been used as a novel approach for the synthesis of organic compounds. Hence, ZIF-67 was selected as a precursor in this study to synthesize a series of electrodes. The ECH effects were assessed on pyridine and diazines. The results showed a significant influence of carbonization temperature and time on the electrocatalyst activity. A temperature of 400 °C was found not high enough for the synthesis of the electrocatalysts, and a long time of 4 h at 800 °C resulted in damage to the spatial structure of the electrocatalyst. The optimal electrocatalyst was obtained under 800 °C and 2 h (Co/NC-800–2). The polyhedral Co/NC-800–2 (20–200 nm) had the N-doped graphitic-carbon shell with embedded Co/CoN/Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles. The onset potential and overpotential (at 10 mA cm−2) were estimated to respectively 64 and 155 mV versus hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), with a Tafel value of 62 mV dec−1. The ECH on pyridine and diazines revealed a positive correlation between ECH effect and HER activity. Co/NC-800–2 possessed excellent ECH activity toward pyridine and pyrazine at − 0.3 V (vs. RHE). N–Co, pyridinic-N, and graphitic-N acted as active sites during electrocatalysis. The N-doped graphitic-carbon promoted the charge transfer during ECH processes. • The carbonation conditions significantly affected ZIF-67-derived electrodes activity. • The optimal HER activity electrocatalyst was obtained at 800 °C and 2 h. • The hydrogenation behavior of electrode for pyridine was similar to the HER activity. • Co/NC-800–2 showed admirable electrocatalytic hydrogenation of pyridine and diazines. • The efficient catalytic mechanism of Co/NC-800–2 was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A promising heterojunction photoelectrocatalyst g-C 3 N 4 /MIL-101(Fe) was synthetized. • g-C 3 N 4 /MIL-101(Fe) performed eminent charge separation and photoelectrocatalytic effect. • The realization of degradation potency was coordinated by the novel catalyst, visible light and low current. • Piperazine ring of CIP molecules were incipient disposed and toxicity of intermediate products has abated. This paper reports a heterostructure composites, g-C 3 N 4 /MIL-101(Fe), that was synthetized through effortless solvothermal method by g-C 3 N 4 coupled with MIL-101(Fe) containing terephthalic acid (H 2 BDC) as organic linker. Eminent photoelectrocatalytic degradation effect was demonstrated by the heterojunctions coordinated with visible light and low current (PEC) for the treatment of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in model matrix and realistic water samples. Moreover, morphological, physicochemical and photocatalytic properties of the catalyst were appraised. Compared with g-C 3 N 4 , MIL-101(Fe) and the heterojunction in various systems, the CIP degradation was up to 87.55% by 0.5 g/L of g-C 3 N 4 /MIL-101(Fe) addition along with 12 W LED lamp and 50 mA current in 240 min. The realization of PEC synergism for an intensified treatment effect to this organic molecule has mainly been implemented through electro-Fenton and visible light catalysis, which was based on circulation of the FeII/FeIII along with a correct band structure between g-C 3 N 4 and MIL-101(Fe). Active species capture and electron spin resonance (ESR) test uncovered that •OH, •O 2 – and h+ contributed to the elimination of CIP. The degradation pathway and toxicity assessment of intermediates was conducted using LC-MS, DFT calculation and QSAR theory. Seventeen kinds of intermediates were detected, which showed a reduced toxicity. Findings of the paper provide incisive insights on the mechanism of the degradation of organic pollutants through PEC synergy over g-C 3 N 4 /MIL-101(Fe) heterojunction catalyst. Moreover, the results constitute a meritorious instance for preparing catalyst in this application field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Nutrition plays a major role in enhancing reproductive efficiency in pigs. Sows mobilize sufficient energy from their body tissue stores for fetal nutritional demands. Dietary fats are used in late gestation and/or lactation diets as sources of energy and essential fatty acids. Our results suggested that fat supplementation during gestation improved colostrum composition and plasma concentration of prolactin at farrowing, associated with altered intestinal morphology and innate immunity in newborn offspring. Various fats are used in swine diets as sources of energy and essential fatty acids. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of fat supplementation during gestation on reproductive performance, milk composition of sows and intestinal development of their offspring. Fifty sows were randomly allocated into two groups receiving the control (CON) and high-fat diets (HF diet) during gestation. After farrowing, all sows received the same lactation diet and were fed ad libitum until weaning at day 20 of lactation. The results showed that being fed the HF diet did not markedly improve the performance of sows and their offspring. However, the HF diet increased (p < 0.05) the colostrum contents of protein and no-fat solids, and the plasma concentration of prolactin at farrowing. Moreover, piglets born of sows fed the HF diet had higher (p < 0.05) jejunal villous height, as well as deeper (p < 0.05) jejunal and colonic crypt depths compared with piglets born of sows fed the CON diet. In addition, piglets born of sows fed the HF diet had markedly increased (p < 0.05) mRNA abundances of innate immunity-related genes on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in ileum compared with piglets born of sows fed the CON diet. These findings indicated that dietary fat supplementation during gestation did not markedly improve the performance of sows and their offspring, but improved colostrum quality and concentration of prolactin on the day of farrowing, associated with modifications of intestinal morphology and innate immunity of their offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]