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Transplantation using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is emerging as a potential regenerative therapy after ischemic attacks in the brain. However, it has been questioned because very few transplanted BMSCs are detected homing to and survived in the ischemic region. Improving the cell viability and migration ability under the complex ischemic condition seems very important. The aim of our study is to identify whether hypoxic condition and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) could improve the cell survival and migration ability of transplanted cells or hypoxic condition could promote BMSC's neural differentiation. BMSCs were treated under either normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (1% O2) (HP-BMSCs) conditions, no significant apoptosis was observed in hypoxic precondition (HP) group, our study conirmed that HP improves BMSCs proliferation and migration. Meanwhile, neural induction of BMSCs under hypoxic condition exhibited signiicant superior results than normoxic condition. Additionally, the addition of G-CSF in HP-BMSCs culture media promoted HP efficiency on BMSCs. These indings shed light on novel eficient strategy on the prosperity of BMSCs. Hypoxic preconditioning and cultured with G-CSF may become a promising therapeutics for cell-based therapy in the treatments of ischemia stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]