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In order to determine the effect of the enzymatic hydrolyzate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast on the kinetics of rumen degradation of nutrients of Cenchrus purpureus cv. OM - 22 from the forage of, four Holstein cows were used, cannulated in rumen which intake fresh forage at will and commercial concentrate, offered once a day, according to a 4 x 4 Latin square design. The treatments were: Control (forage + 2 kg commercial concentrate) and treatments 2, 3 and 4 (forage + 2 kg commercial concentrate + 50 mL, 100 mL or 150 mL of hydrolyzate.kg of concentrate.day-1, respectively). The best use of the forage was obtained in the treatment with 150 mL of hydrolyzate, with the maximum degradation (P <0.0001) of the DM, OM, NDF and ADF in all incubation time. However, after 48 hours it did not differ from the treatment with 100 mL of hydrolyzate. There was a tendency to increase fraction B, the potential degradability and the degradation rate of nutrients, with the increase in the amount of hydrolyzate in the diet. An increase in the ruminal Effective Degradability was observed, which fluctuated between 41.44 and 56.44 % for the DM of the evaluated forage, between 38.87 and 56.70 % for the OM, 33.55 and 48.92 % for the NDF and 25.79 and 44.44 % for the ADF. It is concluded that the addition of the hydrolyzate had a positive effect on the kinetics of ruminal degradation of the forage. It is recommended the use of 100 mL level of enzymatic hydrolyzate. kg of concentrate. day-1 in ruminants which consume diets with high fiber content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Diabetic retinopathy and its complications are the leading cause of blindness in people between 25-74 years of age, accounting for 12% of global blindness. Along with diabetic macular edema, proliferative diabetic retinopathy is one of the complications that cause visual impairment. The 3-port pars-plana vitrectomy has been for decades the surgical standard in handling many of the complications of persistent diabetic retinopathy.The aim of the study was to report the frequency of vitreous cavity rebleeding in patients undergoing vitrectomy via 25- gauge pars plana for persistent vitreous hemorrhage secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Material and Methods. A review of the patient files who underwent a 25-gauge Pars Plan Vitrectomy owing to a persistent vitreous hemorrhage secondary to diabetic retinopathy in the retinal service at the Fray Antonio Alcalde Civil Hospital of Guadalajara during the period of October 2012 to December 2015. The possible risk factors associated to the presence of rebleeding were analyzed. Results. We included 145 eyes belonging to 145 patients. During the follow-up period of 9.45 months (1-32), 42 patients (29%) presented rebleeding in the vitreous cavity. 16% (23%) were classified as early and 13% as late (19). Amongst the patients with rebleeding, 28.5% was resolved spontaneously. 31% were applied intravitreous antiangiogenics and 38% required surgical intervention (11% of the total). Factors which are associated to rebleeding were younger age (60 vs. 55 years old, p=0.008) faquia (11.6% vs 40.4%, p=0.0001). It was found a higher HbA1c on patients with rebleeding (7.7% vs 8.68%, p=0.05). A higher proportion of patients with rebleeding had a history of previous laser photocoagulation (41.7% vs 57.1%, p=0.092). None of these two differences showed as statistically significance. The visual acuity improved in both groups (2.16 logMAR pre-surgery vs 0.86 logMAR final, p<0.05). Conclusions. Rebleeding of the vitreous cavity is a frequent complication, occurring in 29% of the diabetic patients after a 25-gauge primary vitrectomy owing to persistent vitreous hemorrhage and was associated to younger age and faquia. The majority of the rebleeding cases (62%) were resolved with observation or an intervention (e.g intravitreous antiangiogenic, fluid-air exchange). The rest was resolved with a second surgical intervention. The average visual acuity significantly improved in both rebleeding and patients with no rebleeding. These findings are consistent with what was previously published, despite the fact that is considered that Mexican patients have more severe retinopathies and a higher rate of post-operatory complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serum C-Reactive Protein was measured serially in 45 patients treated with uncomplicated primary total hip and knee arthroplasty (24 THR y 21 TKR). Blood specimens were obtained before surgery, on surgery day and on the 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 13th, 42nd and 150th postoperative days. In both groups serum CRP levels increased rapidly after surgery, with maximum levels on second postoperative day, higher in the TKR group and decreased gradually to preoperative levels on day 150, but still high on 42nd day. Levels returned to normal after surgery at the same time in both groups and no significant differences were found. Rising CRP levels after the third postoperative day may suggest a surgery complication such as infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Prehospital medication is a reality, and the role of these therapies must be explored to assess their validity, especially for acute respiratory diseases, which are usually associated with increased morbidity. The aim of this study was to examine the association of prehospital medication use with mortality in patients with acute respiratory disease. METHODS: A prospective, multicenter, emergency medical service (EMS) delivery cohort study was carried out in adults with unselected respiratory diseases managed by EMS who were transferred to the emergency department. From January 1, 2019, to October 31, 2023, six advanced life support units, thirty-eight basic life support units, and four hospitals in Spain participated in the study. Demographic data, vital signs, use of mechanical ventilation, prehospital respiratory diagnosis, and prehospital medication were collected. The primary outcome was 30-day in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: A total of 961 patients were included, with a mortality rate of 17.5% (168 patients). Age, an increasing number of comorbidities, the use of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), the use of major analgesics, hypnotics, and bicarbonate were risk factors. In contrast, elevated systolic blood pressure and Glasgow Coma Scale scores were found to be protective factors against mortality. The predictive capacity of the model reached an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.857 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.827-0.888). CONCLUSION: Our data revealed that IMV, major analgesics, hypnotics and bicarbonate administration were associated with elevated mortality. Adding prehospital drug therapy information to demographic variables and vital signs could improve EMS decision-making, allowing a better characterization of patients at risk of clinical worsening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positive cases of Streptococcus in tilapia cause serious economic losses, however, there are no reports on the prevalence of Streptococcus in tilapia farmed within ponds and cages in the tropics, this is the first report about it. The goal was to compare the prevalence of beta-haemolytic streptococci in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from pond and cage culture farming, in Chiapas, Mexico, also, evaluate the susceptibility to antibiotics. 155 fish between 250-300 gr were collected in 31 farms (12 ponds and 19 cages). The highest prevalence (45.16%, P<0.05) of beta-haemolytic streptococci was in fish with clinical manifestations from cages, compared to fish from ponds. S. agalactiae and S. alactolyticus were identified. Signs in fish infected with Streptococcus agalactiae included exophthalmia, ascites, cerebral congestion, hemorrhages, and melanization. 100% of the S. agalactiae strains were susceptible to beta-lactams, clindamycins, among others. There is a higher prevalence of beta-haemolytic streptococci in fish farming in cages compared to pond culture. The information generated in this study favors the implementation of sanitary strategies to optimize tilapia farming in tropical regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most frequent bacterial diseases in pediatrics. The incidence of UTI in pediatric patients is not known with accuracy. In newborns is estimated in 1% with a larger proportion in males, while in infants increase between 3 to 5% with the same proportion for both sex. OBJECTIVE: Characterize clinically and epidemiologically the profile of infants diagnosed with UTI in the Pediatric service of the Regional Hospital of Antofagasta. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study. Medical records of patients diagnosed with UTI by the end of the period of May 2009 - May 2010 from the unit of infants in the Pediatric Service of the Regional Hospital of Antofagasta were analyzed. The final sample was 88 patients. The data was analyzed using an Excel 2007 spreadsheet. RESULTS: 71,5% were women. The average age was 8,9 month in a range between 0,5 and 23 month. Most frequent symptoms were fever (97,7%), vomit (30,7%), diarrhea (23,1%), lack of appetite (21,6%) and crying/irritability (16%). The alterations in laboratory was CRP high (96%), pyuria (94,3%) and leukocytosis (87,5%). Only were record the 85, 2% of urine culture of which the most frequent pathogenic agent was Escherichia coli in the 84% of the cases. DISCUSSION: The UTI in infants in our study was more frequent in women and its predominant symptom is fever. The most common germ was Escherichia coli which agree the literature. We value the importance of ask for urine culture to microbiological confirmation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accumulation in soil landfills of toxic and persistent lindane, widely used as an insecticide, triggers the risk of leaching with the concomitant contamination of surrounding rivers. Thus, viable remediation to eliminate in situ high concentrations of lindane in soil and water becomes an urgent demand. In this line, a simple and cost-effective composite is proposed, including the use of industrial wastes. It includes reductive and non-reductive base-catalyzed strategies to remove lindane in the media. A mixture of magnesium oxide (MgO) and activated carbon (AC) was selected for that purpose. The use of MgO provides a basic pH. In addition, the specific selected MgO forms double-layered hydroxides in water which permits the total adsorption of the main heavy metals in contaminated soils. AC provides adsorption microsites to hold the lindane and a reductive atmosphere that was increased when combined with the MgO. These properties trigger highly efficient remediation of the composite. It permits a complete elimination of lindane in the solution. In soils doped with lindane and heavy metals, it produces a rapid, complete, and stable elimination of lindane and immobilization of the metals. Finally, the composite tested in lindane-highly contaminated soils permits the "in situ" degradation of nearly 70% of the initial lindane. The proposed strategy opens a promising way to face this environmental issue with a simple, cost-effective composite to degrade lindane and fix heavy metals in contaminated soils. [Display omitted] • Toxic persistent lindane is accumulated in landfills threatening rivers by leaching. • In situ soil remediation is required to completely reach lindane degradation. • The proposed polisorbent strategy immobilizes heavy metals and reduces lindane. • Dehydrohalogenation and dihaloelimination in sorption sites totally remove lindane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last 10 years have seen a progressive increase in antibiotic resistance rates in bacteria isolated from companion animals. Exposure of individuals to resistant bacteria from companion animals, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL) and carbapenemase- (CPE) producing Enterobacteriaceae , can be propitiated. Few studies evaluate the incidence and risk factors associated with colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria in dogs. This work aims to estimate the prevalence, incidence and risk factors associated with colonization of ESBL-E and CPE-E in 44 canine patients hospitalized in a veterinary hospital. The antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae strains was analyzed and the molecular detection of resistant genes was performed. A prevalence of 25.0% and an incidence of ESBL-E of 45.5% were observed in dogs colonized by Enterobacteriaceae at hospital admission and release, respectively. Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Citrobacter koseri and Morganella morganii were identified as ESBL-producing bacterial species. Resistance genes were detected for ESBL-producing strains. No CPE isolates were obtained on the CPE-selective medium. The administration of corticosteroids prior to hospitalization and the presence of concomitant diseases were associated with colonization by these bacteria in dogs. Considering that one-quarter of the patients evaluated were colonized by ESBL-E, companion animals should be considered as potential transmission vehicles and ESBL-E reservoirs for humans. Special care should be taken in animals attended at veterinary hospitals, as the length of stay in the hospital could increase the risks. • ESBL- and carbapenemase- producing Enterobacteriaceae represent a potential risk of transmission to humans from companion animals. • Prevalence, incidence and risk factors for the acquisition and persistence of Enterobacteriaceae were estimated in hospitalized canine patients in Madrid. • A prevalence of 25.0% and incidence of 45.5% of dogs colonized by ESBL-E was observed at hospital admission and release. • Several risk factors were associated with the colonization by these bacteria in dogs. • Epidemiological surveillance, early sampling and responsible use of antimicrobials is imperative to reduce the risk of Enterobacteriaceae infection in dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ultrastructure of leaves chloroplast and root nodules from cowpea plants (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), var. IT 86 D-715, subjected to saline stress was evaluated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Plants were exposed at 150 and 0,02 mM of NaCl treatments, considering 0,02 mM salt level as control. Native strain VIBA-1 (Bradyrhizobium liaoningense) isolated from saline soils of Cauto Valley (Cuba) was inoculated at sowing. Forty days after germination, samples of the same age and position from leaves and root nodules were taken for microscopy observations. Some ultrastructural modifications were detected by the salt effect in chloroplasts, mainly triggered by the great increase in the size of the starch granules. These modifications produced altered grana distribution. In nodule structure, when saline stress was applied, a weakness of peribacteroid membrane and high number of vesicles into infected cells were noted. Symbiosomes started deteriorating with some broken peribacteroidal membranes. A high vesiculation and degradation of some cellular organelle into uninfected cells were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was developed with the objective evaluate salinity effect on water and osmotic potential and osmotic adjustment in twelve wheat cultivars of Triticum aestivum and Triticum durum species at early stages of development was studied. The plants were settled down in a hothouses under hidropony conditions at a salinity level of 8 dS.m-1, a control treatment with an electric conductivity of 0,36 dS.m-1 was mounted. The evaluations were carried out at 25 days after germination. Results indicated a significant decrease of water potential values in most cultivars in all measured organs and a significant decrease of its values was observed from roots to leaves in order to assureb water gradient. The varieties that didn't diminish significantly their water potential showed similar behavior in the three evaluated organs, although the potential gradient was stayed. The osmotic potential diminished significantly in all cultivars and its values were minor to -0,6 MPa. All cultivars carried out the osmotic adjustment, being the most significant value AO = 0,3 MPa in INIFAT RM-36, INIFAT RM-32, INIFAT RM-37 cultivars. A considerable variability in stress salinity response between cultivars and species for the three evaluated variables was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Cowpea plants were grown in a glasshouse pot experiment to investigate the effects of NaCl salinity stress and foliar applications of Ca(NO3)2. The plants were subjected to the following four treatments: (1) control (nutrient solution alone), (2) 10mmolL−1 Ca(NO3)2 as a foliar application+nutrient solution (FA+C), (3) 50mmolL−1 NaCl+nutrient solution (NA+C), and (4) 50mmolL−1 NaCl+10mmolL−1 Ca(NO3)2 as a foliar application+nutrient solution (NA+FA+C) twice weekly. The results showed that salt-stressed plants had less dry matter in the root and shoot, the concentrations of sodium and chloride in both plant organs increased, while those of Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ decreased in the high NaCl treatment. No significant differences in stomatal conductance, transpiration, net photosynthesis, and intercellular CO2 were noted among treatments; hence, none of these variables was improved with the foliar Ca(NO3)2 sprays. However, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the NaCl-stressed plants had higher values following foliar Ca(NO3)2 sprays, suggesting that the spray was effective in partially alleviating adverse effects of salinity on these parameters. In conclusion, our overall results did not support the hypothesis that supplemental calcium would ameliorate the inhibitory effects of NaCl stress in cowpea plants. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]