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Introduction: Approximately 21% of Germany's inhabitants have been born abroad or are of direct descent of immigrants. A positive birth experience has an effect on a woman's mental health and her future family planning choices. While international studies showed that immigrant women are less satisfied with their birth experience, no such study has been conducted in Germany until now.Methods: At our center of tertiary care in Berlin, with approximately 50% immigrants among patients, pregnant women of at least 18 years of age were offered participation in this study. A modified version of the Migrant Friendly Maternity Care Questionnaire (MFMCQ) designed by Gagnon et al. in German, English, French, Spanish, Arabic and Turkish was used. We compared non-immigrant women to immigrant women and women with direct descent of immigrants. For certain analysis, the latter two groups were included together under the category "migration background".Results: During the study period, 184 non-immigrant, 214 immigrant women and 62 direct descendants of immigrants were included. The most frequent countries of origin were Syria (19%), Turkey (17%), and Lebanon (9%). We found a slight difference between groups regarding age (non-immigrants: mean 33 years versus women with any migration background: mean 31) as well as parity with more non-immigrants delivering their first child. No difference in the satisfaction with care was observed between immigrant and any migration background groups (p ≥ 0.093 in the two-sided Fisher's exact test). At least 75.8% of all participating women reported complete satisfaction with care during labor, birth and after birth. Interestingly, the level of German language proficiency did not influence the immigrant patient's satisfaction with care.Conclusion: The study results show no difference regarding overall satisfaction with care during labor and birth despite a relevant language barrier. We are for the first time providing the MFMCQ in German and Turkish. Further future analyses on the impact of patient expectations on satisfaction with care will be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During critical prenatal periods nutrient supply programs central control of energy balance, feed intake and body weight. In mammals as well in birds, prenatal glucose oversupply, for instance, may increases the offspring risk for metabolic disorders and related diseases throughout life. We investigated the long-lasting influence of temporary inovo hyperglycemia in chickens on neuronal mechanisms of the nucleus infundibuli hypothalami (NI), the 'critical' centre regulation metabolism, feed intake and body weight as well as on related peripheral parameters. Experiments were carried out in Lohmann White Leghorn chickens starting in embryos in three experimental groups: one untreated control group, one in-ovo injection control (daily single injection of 0.5 ml NaCl-solution) and one group prenatally experienced with temporary hyperglycemia by daily single injection of 0.5 ml glucose solution (30 mmol/l) from days 14 to 17 of incubation. After three weeks post-hatching in the untreated control group for the first time the avian neuronal glucose and leptin sensitivity was investigated using extracellular recordings in brain slices. Human recombinant leptin was also tested in combination with GABAB-receptor agonist and antagonist. The longlasting effect of temporary in-ovo hyperglycemia was examined on neuronal glucose sensitivity, the glucose transporter GLUT1 and 3, the leptin and insulin receptor expression as well as on the total body fat and blood glucose level. Additional, in male and female chickens the body weight development was recorded in all experimental groups during the total 3-weeks growing period. Results can be summarized as follows (RANCOURT et al., 2015; TZSCHENTKE et al., 2015; BOGATYREV et al., 2017): 1) NI-neurons show mammalian-like responsiveness after acute glucose, leptin and GABA application. GABAB-mechanisms involved in GABA release play a likely important role in the leptin mediated effects on NI neurons via functional leptin receptors. 4) Temporary late prenatal hyperglycemia induces lasting hypothalamic 'glucose-resistance' via strongly decreased neuronal glucose sensitivity as well glucose transporter, insulin- and leptin receptor expression. 3) After 3 weeks post-hatching the strong changes in the neuronal mechanisms were not accompanied by changes in related peripheral metabolic parameters as well in the body weight in male and female chickens. In conclusion, although in 3 weeks old chickens no changes in peripheral metabolic parameters and body weight development could be observed, just temporary hyperglycemia during the second half of incubation, may leading to persistent malprogramming in central control of energy balance, feed intake and body weight as predisposition for the development of metabolic disorders. It shows a risk of in-ovo feeding. Further, the chicken embryo provides a valuable new model for investigating early central nervous origins of 'diabesity' and related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]