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Fomitiporia species have aroused the interest of numerous investigations that reveal their biological activity and medicinal potential. The present investigation shows the antioxidant, anticancer, and immunomodulatory activity of acidic polysaccharides obtained from the fungus Fomitiporia chilensis. The acidic polysaccharides were obtained for acidic precipitation with 2% O-N-cetylpyridinium bromide. Chemical analysis was performed using FT-IR and GC-MS methods. The antioxidant capacity of acidic polysaccharides from F. chilensis was evaluated by scavenging free radicals with an ABTS assay. Macrophage proliferation and cytokine production assays were used to determine the immunomodulatory capacity of the polysaccharides. Anti-tumor and cytotoxicity activity was evaluated with an MTT assay in the U-937, HTC-116, and HGF-1 cell lines. The effect of polysaccharides on the cell cycle of the HCT-116 cell line was determined for flow cytometry. Fourier Transform-infrared characterization revealed characteristic absorption peaks for polysaccharides, whereas the GC-MS analysis detected three peaks corresponding to D-galactose, galacturonic acid, and D-glucose. The secreted TNF-α concentration was increased when the cell was treated with 2 mg mL−1 polysaccharides, whereas the IL-6 concentration was increased with all of the evaluated polysaccharide concentrations. A cell cycle analysis of HTC-116 treated with polysaccharides evidenced that the acidic polysaccharides from F. chilensis induce an increase in the G0/G1 cell cycle phase, increasing the apoptotic cell percentage. Results from a proteomic analysis suggest that some of the molecular mechanisms involved in their antioxidant and cellular detoxifying effects and justify their traditional use in heart diseases. Proteomic data are available through ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD048361. The study on acidic polysaccharides from F. chilensis has unveiled their diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, and immunomodulatory effects. These findings underscore the promising therapeutic applications of acidic polysaccharides from F. chilensis, warranting further pharmaceutical and medicinal research exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was carried out to determine the antitumor and antioxidant activities of the seaweed Durvillaea antarctica. Extraction and purification of polysaccharides from D. antarctica were performed. They were characterized by FT‐IR and GC–MS, identifying isomers of arabinose, fucose, mannose, and galactose. The antioxidant capacity of polysaccharides was analyzed using the ABTS method (14.3 ± 0.5 μmol TE g−1 PS) and the DPPH method (21.82 ± 0.32 μmol TE g−1 PS). The antitumor capacity of polysaccharides was studied by MTT colorimetric assays in human leukemia, colon, breast, and lung cancer cell lines, obtaining the lowest IC50 in colon cancer (19.99 μg mL−1). In the line of healthy human gingival fibroblasts (HGF‐1), an IC50 of 444.39 μg mL−1 was obtained. Flow cytometry in the HL60 cell line showed that polysaccharides at concentrations higher than IC50 inhibited cell proliferation, demonstrating a possible antitumor capacity in vitro. In the proteomic analysis with HGF‐1, nine proteins involved in different biological processes were identified. In conclusion, polysaccharides from D. antarctica could be considered powerful nutraceuticals, mainly against colon cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews available research literature in the field of lecturer self-efficacy beliefs produced between 1988 and 2020. Given the growing interest in lecturer self-efficacy beliefs in recent years, and the global challenges the Higher Education sector will face following the current Covid-19 pandemic, the time to conduct such a review seems appropriate. Fifty-five empirical papers in English, Spanish and Portuguese were identified and examined. Findings show that papers investigated the beliefs of lecturers from 23 countries using mostly quantitative cross-sectional approaches involving questionnaires. Among the eight main themes that emerged, 'teaching self-efficacy' featured prominently and received most attention, while other aspects of the work of lecturers, including research, service-related and other administrative activities, were also considered. Concerning personal variables like gender, there was no consensus over whether different characteristics affected self-efficacy beliefs more than others. Conclusions point to the need for additional mixed-methods and qualitative studies with more refined and contextualised methodological approaches to better understand the field, to identify actual sources of self-efficacy themselves and to more fully inform policy, practice, the distribution of resources and building capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal areas are often intervened by anthropic activities, which increase the contamination of toxic agents such as heavy metals. This causes adverse morphological effects on benthic microorganisms, such as foraminifera. This group is one of the most susceptible to environmental deterioration, so they can be used as pollution biomarkers by identifying shell abnormalities. Therefore, 28 sediment samples from northern Chile were analyzed, calculating the Abnormality Index-FAI and its spatio-temporal distributions in benthic foraminifera, as well as the minimum and maximum abnormality percentages and their relationship with heavy metal concentrations, using a generalized non-linear model and a principal component analysis. The results indicated a proportion of abnormal shells within the ranges described for polluted areas conditions, revealing environmental stress conditions. This reflected a change in the environmental conditions in the most recent sediments of the bay. The highest FAI values were observed to the southwest of the bay, caused by the local current system. The species Bolivina seminuda, Buliminella elegantissima, and Epistominella exigua presented a greater number of deformities, allowing them to be used as contamination biomarkers. A significant correlation was found between Ti, Mn, Ni, Va, and Ba with decreased chamber sizes, wrong coiling, scars, and number of abnormality types. This suggests the effect of the particular geochemical conditions of the area on the heavy metals that cause toxic effects on foraminifera. These analyses are an efficient tool for identifying the effects of environmental stress before they occur in higher organisms, mitigating the environmental impact on marine biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between gross photosynthesis (GPS) and electron transport rate (ETR) in marine algae has been shown to vary as a function of irradiance; however, little is known about the effect of nutrients on the this relationship in seagrasses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrate concentration on the GPS (measured as O2 evolution) vs ETR (estimated by fluorescence quenching analysis) relationship of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa from the Spanish Mediterranean Sea. Carbon levels in the tissue increased 6.5% when nitrate in the culture medium augmented from 0 to 100 μM. Nitrogen in the tissue, however, increased more than 60% when nitrate concentration in the medium reached 100 μM. Chlorophyll a + b levels increased approximately 30%, while absorptance augmented 15% when nitrate increased from 0 to 100 μM. In general, maximum oxygenic photosynthesis and maximum ETR values increased when nitrate in the medium increased. The relationship between GPS and ETR did not show a linear response at low nitrate levels and high irradiances. In contrast, a linear relationship was observed at nitrate levels above 50 μM, even at high irradiances. The results from this study suggest that the lack of correlation between ETR and GPS is the result of low nitrogen levels in the tissue of marine macrophytes. They also suggest that seasonal fluctuations in nitrate levels or nitrogen pulses, such as those observed during upwelling events, may affect the relationship between GPS and ETR in C. nodosa or other marine macrophytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The snakes from the Bitis genus are some of the most medically important venomous snakes in sub Saharan Africa, however little is known about the composition and effects of these snake venom peptides. Considering that the victims with Bitis genus snakes have exacerbate hypotension and cardiovascular disorders, we investigated here the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme modulators on four different species of venoms. Methods The peptide fractions from Bitis gabonica gabonica , Bitis nasicornis , Bitis gabonica rhinoceros and Bitis arietans which showed inhibitory activity on angiotensin-converting enzyme were subjected to mass spectrometry analysis. Eight proline-rich peptides were synthetized and their potencies were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results The MS analysis resulted in over 150 sequences, out of which 32 are new proline-rich oligopeptides, and eight were selected for syntheses. For some peptides, inhibition assays showed inhibitory potentials of cleavage of angiotensin I ten times greater when compared to bradykinin. In vivo tests showed that all peptides decreased mean arterial pressure, followed by tachycardia in 6 out of 8 of the tests. Conclusion We describe here some new and already known proline-rich peptides, also known as bradykinin-potentiating peptides. Four synthetic peptides indicated a preferential inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme C-domain. In vivo studies show that the proline-rich oligopeptides are hypotensive molecules. General significance Although proline-rich oligopeptides are known molecules, we present here 32 new sequences that are inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme and consistent with the symptoms of the victims of Bitis spp, who display severe hypotension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Management of patients treated with oral anticoagulation (OAC) requiring a cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) surgery is a challenge that requires balancing the risk of bleeding complications with the risk of thromboembolic events. Recently the approach of performing these procedures while the patient remains with a therapeutic international normalized ratio has gained interest due to several publications showing its relative safety. Objectives To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of continuous use of OAC compared with heparin bridging in the perioperative setting of CIED surgery using a meta-analysis. Methods A systematic review of PubMed/MEDLINE, Ovid, and Elsevier databases was performed. Eligible randomized controlled trials and cohort studies were included. The outcomes studied were risk of clinically significant bleeding and of thromboembolic events. Our analysis was restricted to OAC with vitamin K antagonists. Results Of 560 manuscripts initially considered relevant, seven were included in the meta-analysis, totaling 2,191 patients. Data are reported as odds ratios (ORs) with confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Maintenance of OAC was associated with a significantly lower risk of postoperative bleeding compared with heparin bridge (OR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.17-0.36, P < 0.00001). There was no difference noted in the risk of thromboembolic events between the two strategies (OR = 1.86, 95% CI 0.29-12.17, P = 0.57). Conclusions Uninterrupted use of OAC in the perioperative of CIED surgery was associated with a reduced risk of bleeding. This strategy should be considered the preferred one in patients at moderate-to-high risk of thromboembolic events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A two-dimensional beam–column joint element for simulating steel beam-to-concrete filled steel tube (CFT) column connections is proposed. This joint element is composed of a panel zone element and springs to model the different deformation components in the beam–joint/column–joint region. The development of the spring components' strength and stiffness and its implementation in OpenSEES are described. Analytical models of steel beam-to-CFT column connections are created in OpenSEES and the results are compared to experimental data from test on individual connections, including connections with through diaphragms, internal diaphragms and external diaphragms. In general, very good correspondence is found between the analysis and test results. The reasons for the differences observed between some models and test results are probably related to friction, rotational restraints and initial deformations in the test specimens. Compared to existing joint elements, the proposed joint element provides a general approach to simulate various composite connection types while the translational springs provide more freedom to simulate connections with unsymmetrical beam sections or slab effects. The element is flexible in accounting for plastic hinge locations and simple to implement for a practicing structural engineer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Composite steel-concrete columns and beam-columns have been shown to provide superior performance when the intrinsic synergistic characteristics of concrete and steel are properly exploited. However, limited test data are available to justify the structural system response factors and comprehensive design equations in current design specifications. This research, through the testing of 18 full-scale, slender concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) beam-columns, addresses these needs by providing comprehensive data to calibrate advanced computational models and assess design equations. The CFT specimens were subjected to complex load protocols that included pure compression, uniaxial and biaxial bending combined with compression, pure torsion, and torsion combined with compression. The results for the pure compression tests reported in this paper indicate that current AISC design provisions provide an accurate estimation of column capacity for both strength and stiffness. The experimental loading response was also contrasted with column curves obtained from advanced, nonlinear fiber analysis models. The experimental and computational column curves are strongly correlated in the elastic critical load range, but showed some differences in the inelastic buckling load range. These differences are attributed to the higher concrete strength assumed in the computational analysis because of the confinement effect of the steel tube; this strength is underpredicted in current design specifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The mechanical models used to simulate the complete behavior of full-scale bolted T-stub connections under cyclic loads are mainly treated in this paper. These mechanical models are composed of individual T-stub components modeled as nonlinear spring elements in order to reliably reproduce their various response mechanisms interacting with one another in the connection. The hysteresis behaviors of the T-stub components including bolt/flange uplift, stem elongation, and relative slip deformation combined with bolt bearing are simulated by the multi-linear cyclic stiffness models characterized from their actual force–deformation response mechanisms each. The nonlinear component springs, which contain these idealized stiffness properties, are implemented into the user joint element produced based on the mechanical model so as to numerically generate the complete behavior of the full-scale connections with considerable accuracy. The analytical predictions performed on the joint element are evaluated against the experimental tests with respect to stiffness, strength, and deformation. Thus, the adequacy of the proposed modeling approach is verified through comparisons between analytical predictions and experimental test results. Finally, it can be shown that the mechanical model proposed in this study has the satisfactory potential to predict the response of the T-stub components as well as the behavior of the T-stub connections through analytical studies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper proposes a strategy to achieve robust optimization of structures against high-cycle fatigue when a potentially large number of uncertain load cases are considered. The strategy is heavily based on a convexity property of some of the most commonly used high-cycle design criteria. The convexity property is rigorously proven for the Crossland fatigue criterion. The proof uses a perturbation technique and involves the principal stress components and analytical expressions for the applicable fatigue criteria. The multiplicity of load cases is treated using load ratios which are bounded but are otherwise free to vary within certain limits. The strategy is applied to a notched plate subject to traditional normal and shear loadings that possess uncertain or unspecified components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper deals with mechanical models which make it possible to reliably simulate the complete moment–rotation curves in the full-scale T-stub connections subjected to cyclic loads. The behavior of these bolted connections becomes complex because the various response mechanisms of individual connection components interact with one another and have influence on the overall rotational stiffness of the connection. Accordingly, the mechanical joint models are made up of individual T-stub components modeled as nonlinear springs. The behaviors of component members including tension bolt uplift, bending of the T-stub flange, elongation of the T-stem, relative slip deformation, and bearing deformation are reproduced by the multi-nonlinear stiffness models obtained from their force-deformation response mechanisms. These stiffness properties should be assigned into the component springs implemented into the joint element so as to numerically generate the behavior of full-scale connections with considerable accuracy. Thus, this part (Part I) intends to focus on describing the stiffness models, which are based on the basic component spring theory, in an effort to provide insight into the behavior, failure modes, and ductility of T-stub components in the connection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Red algae have been reported to be an important source of polysaccharides with potential immunomodulatory properties. The objective of this study was to characterize the polysaccharides from Halopithys incurva and Hypnea spinella and to evaluate their effect on the synthesis of cytokines by murine cell line RAW 264.7 macrophages. Polysaccharides were obtained by N-cetylpyridinium bromide precipitation and characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. Their effect on the activity of RAW 264.7 macrophages was examined by quantification of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and nitric oxide (NO) production using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The activation of the cytokine IL-6 and NO increased linearly as the concentration of polysaccharides from H. incurva and Hy. spinella increased. In general, the activation of IL-6 and NO was tenfold greater when macrophages were exposed to polysaccharides from H. incurva than when exposed to polysaccharides from Hy. spinella. In contrast, TNF-α concentration did not increase when macrophages were exposed to increasing polysaccharide levels. These results indicate that polysaccharides are strong cytokine IL-6 inducers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: As part of our drug discovery effort, we identified and developed 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-h]quinazoline derivatives as PLK1 inhibitors. We now report the optimization of this class that led to the identification of NMS-P937, a potent, selective and orally available PLK1 inhibitor. Also, in order to understand the source of PLK1 selectivity, we determined the crystal structure of PLK1 with NMS-P937. The compound was active in vivo in HCT116 xenograft model after oral administration and is presently in Phase I clinical trials evaluation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development of several human cancers and, as a result, is a recognized target for the development of small-molecule inhibitors for the treatment of ALK-positive malignancies. Here, we present the crystal structures of the unpho-sphorylated human ALK kinase domain in complex with the ATP competitive ligands PHA-E429 and NVP- TAE684. Analysis of these structures provides valuable information concerning the specific characteristics of the ALK active site as well as giving indications about how to obtain selective ALK inhibitors. In addition, the ALK-KD-PHA-E429 structure led to the identification of a potential regulatory mechanism involving a link made between a short helical segment immediately following the DFG motif and an N-terminal two-stranded β-sheet. Finally, mapping of the activating mutations associated with neuroblastoma onto our structures may explain the roles these residues have in the activation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: As the trend towards developing performance-based design specifications for the seismic design of structures gains momentum, it is clear that very little is known about the performance of light industrial structures under large lateral loads. Among the main outstanding issues related to the seismic design of these structures are (1) the determination of appropriate response modification factors , (2) the establishment of drift limits to avoid damage of structural and nonstructural components, and (3) clarification of the role that the roof diaphragm plays on the seismic behavior of light-weight roof structures. This study attempts to elucidate some of those issues for a particular class of light-weight industrial structures, those composed of one-story, weak column–strong beam joist girder frames. Two types of analysis models were developed for the nonlinear dynamic analyses of these structures. The first is a simplified 2-D analysis model, using SAP2000 and the second is a complex 3-D analysis model, using ABAQUS. Nonlinear time history analyses were performed for sites in Los Angeles (CA), Boston (MA), and Memphis (TN). The accuracy of the simplified 2-D model was verified by comparison with the results from the 3-D model. The results indicate that the behavior of these structures is almost always in the elastic range, and that substantial roof bracing should be installed for this type of structure, to prevent excessive drifts in the weak direction. When two horizontal components of excitations were applied concurrently to check the effect of torsion of the frame, it was found that torsional effects were negligible for structures regular in plan, and that a 2-D model can provide reasonable analysis results. Column base fixity effects on the dynamic behavior were also investigated and it was determined that column base fixity should be considered, to obtain more accurate dynamic behavior of the steel joist girder structures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses the Philippine corporate rehabilitation system and the extent of the non-impairment clause. The Court reportedly invoked non-impairment in the contract argument between Leca Realty Corporation and Manuela Corporation. It is stated that although the state recognizes the need to aid in the rehabilitation of distressed corporations, creditors must also be equitably and promptly paid. The need for a substantive law on corporate rehabilitation is also given.

This paper presents the results from an experimental pushover test on a one-third-scale model of a special inverted-V-braced steel frame with zipper struts. Zipper elements are vertical elements added at the intersections of the braces above the first floor and designed to carry upward the unbalanced loads resulting from buckling of the braces. As far as the writers know, this is the first test on such a configuration that has been suggested as an alternate to conventional braced frames in the American Institute of Steel Construction seismic specification for many years. The model was pushed to a target roof drift ratio of +3.58%, which was achieved without strength degradation and followed a trilinear backbone curve. The load was then reversed until the bottom story brace in tension fractured at a drift of -0.78%. After this fracture, the frame still carried about 37% of the maximum base shear. The zipper elements demonstrated their ability to activate buckling in all stories except the top one, redistributing the loads in the structure and minimizing strength losses. Two-dimensional and one three-dimensional frame models were analyzed and found to reproduce satisfactorily the experimental results up to the beginning of tearing in the tension brace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. Isatin (1H-indole-2,3 dione) is an endogenous compound that may act as a physiological regulator of muscle contraction by reducing cGMP production by inhibition of guanylyl cyclase (GC) activity. 2. Intracellular cGMP levels can regulate the contractile response of smooth muscle. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the effects of seven novel carbamate derivatives of isatin, namely C1–C7, on the contractility of aortic rings from Wistar rats. 3. Carbamates C1 and C6 most effectively promoted endothelium-dependent relaxation of aortic rings pretreated with 10 µmol/L phenylephrine (PE) to induce contraction. The concentration of the C1 and C6 carbamates necessary to reduce PE-induced aortic contraction by 50% (IC50) was 5.6 ± 1.0 and 48.4 ± 3.4 µmol/L, respectively. Carbamate derivative-induced vasodilation required an intact endothelium, which is responsible for nitric oxide (NO) release. 4. Pretreatment of rings with 100 µmol/L naloxone or 10 µmol/L atropine prevented the C1- and C6-mediated vascular relaxation, indicating that the vasodilatory activity was dependent on the activation of opioid or muscarinic receptors, respectively. 5. The results of our studies provide insights into the role of novel carbamates in the regulation of vascular tone. Carbamates could stimulate NO synthesis, which induces vasodilation primarily by stimulation of GC and cGMP production. Taken together, our findings suggest that carbamate derivative-induced vasodilation may be considered an alternative treatment for primary and/or secondary hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genomic DNA copy number aberrations are frequent in solid tumours although their underlying causes of chromosomal instability in tumours remain obscure. In this paper we show how Artificial Immune System (AIS) paradigm can be successfully employed in the elucidation of biological dynamics of cancerous processes using a novel fuzzy rule induction system for data mining (IFRAIS) of aCGH data. Competitive results have been obtained using IFRAIS. A biological interpretation of the results carried out using Gene Ontology is currently under investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper proposes a design methodology for zipper-braced frames aimed at achieving ductile behavior. Three zipper-braced models were designed on the basis of the proposed design procedure to carry the same masses as the 3-, 9-, 20-story SAC model buildings with moment-resisting frames designed for the Los Angeles area. Pushover analyses of the models were performed to estimate the overstrength, inelastic strength and deformation capacities for the entire structures, and assess the sequence of yielding and buckling in the members. The performance of the models was also evaluated using nonlinear dynamic analyses under an ensemble of 2%-in-50-year pulse-type near-fault ground motions. The analyses indicate that the design procedure produces safe designs, with the design becoming more conservative as the number of stories increases. The distribution of interstory drifts demonstrates the efficiency of the zipper struts in achieving uniform damage over the height of the structure, and generally satisfies allowable interstory drift ratio limits. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The wind moment frame (WMF) method has been and continues to be widely utilized in the central and eastern United States, resulting in a very large population of structures having been designed without a rigorous analysis with respect to lateral loads. The primary objectives of this paper are to determine whether moment-resisting frames designed by the WMF method are adequate to handle the increased demand on lateral resistance made by modern seismic codes, and to evaluate and compare the seismic performance of existing and new moment-resisting steel frames with partially restrained (PR) connections. Three prototype frames were designed and analyzed utilizing synthetic ground motions for the Mid-America region. The seismic performance of these PR frames was evaluated in accordance with FEMA 273/356 criteria. In addition, studies were conducted on the confidence level of the performance results to take into account the uncertainties and randomness inevitably involved. This analysis and evaluation found that all PR frames designed in this study satisfied the selected performance objective with 99% confidence level for the global performance limit. Thus, the seismic performance of the PR frames in the Mid-America region will be satisfactory even under large ground motions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Epidemiological aspects of Babesia vogeli infection were studied in the canine population of a rural town located in the Brazilian “Drought Polygon” of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The survey was carried out in March 2003, when 505 dogs were identified and their characteristics registered on appropriate forms. Blood samples were collected at this time and again in June, September and December 2003. Serum samples were tested by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) to detect antibodies against B. vogeli. The prevalence of anti-B. vogeli antibodies was 18.8%; however, no correlations were found between prevalence of infection and the age or gender of the animals. Cross-bred dogs presented a higher chance of acquiring infection in comparison to pure-bred dogs. Significant differences concerning the incidence of the disease were found during the period April–June in comparison to other months, demonstrating that transmission of B. vogeli is related to seasonal variations of tick infestations. The results indicate that climatic factors within the semiarid area interfere directly in the epidemiology of canine babesiosis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a cutting edge imaging modality in detecting diseases and pathologic tissue. The superior soft tissue contrast in MRI allows better definition of the pathology. MRI is increasingly used for guiding, monitoring and controlling percutaneous procedures and surgery. The rapid development of interventional techniques in radiology has led to integration of imaging with computers, new therapy devices and operating room like conditions. This has projected as faster and more accurate imaging and hence more demanding procedures have been applied to the repertoire of the interventional radiologist. In combining features of various other imaging modalities and adding some more into them, interventional MRI (IMRI) has potential to take further the interventional radiology techniques, minimally invasive therapies and surgery. The term “Interventional MRI” consists in short all those procedures, which are performed under MRI guidance. These procedures can be either percutaneous or open surgical of nature. One of the limiting factors in implementing MRI as guidance modality for interventional procedures has been the fact, that most widely used magnet design, a cylindrical magnet, is not ideal for guiding procedures as it does not allow direct access to the patient. Open, low field scanners usually operating around 0.2T, offer this feature. Clumsy hardware, bad patient access, slow image update frequency and strong magnetic fields have been other limiting factors for interventional MRI. However, the advantages of MRI as an imaging modality have been so obvious that considerable development has taken place in the 20-year history of MRI. The image quality has become better, ever faster software, new innovative sequences, better MRI hardware and increased computing power have accelerated imaging speed and image quality to a totally new level. Perhaps the most important feature in the recent development has been the introduction of open configuration low field MRI devices in the early 1990s; this enabled direct patient access and utilization of the MRI as an interventional device. This article reviews the current status of interventional and intraoperative MRI with special emphasis in low field surrounding. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The combined effects of ammonium concentration and UV radiation on the red alga Porphyra columbina (Montagne) from the Patagonian coast (Chubut, Argentina) was determined using short-term (less than a week) experimentation. Discs of P. columbina were incubated with three ammonium concentrations (0, 50, and 300 μM NH4Cl) in anilluminated chamber (PAR=300 μmol photons·m−2·s−1, UVA=15 W·m−2, UVB=0.7 W·m−2) at 15°C. Algae incubated at 300 μM ammonium showed a significant increase ( P<0.05) in the concentration of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) compared with the initial value or with the other ammonium treatments. The increase of MAAs was, however, a function of the quality of irradiance received, with a higher increase in samples exposed to UVA compared with UVB (29% and 5% increase, respectively). However, UVB radiation was more effective in inducing MAA synthesis per unit energy received by the algae. Samples exposed to PAR only had an intermediate increase in MAA concentration of 16%. Chl a concentration decreased through the incubation with the greatest decrease at high ammonium concentration. Phycobiliprotein (BP) decreased through time with the smallest decrease occurring at high ammonium concentration. Photoinhibition (as a decrease of optimal quantum yield) was significantly greater under nitrogen-deprived conditions than that under replete ammonium levels. Maximal gross photosynthesis (GPmax), as oxygen evolution, and maximal electron transport rate (ETRmax), as chl fluorescence, increased with the ammonium concentration. Positive relationships between maximal GP or ETR and pigment ratios (BP/chl a and MAAs/chl a) and negative relationships with chl a concentration were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partially restrained connections and their interaction with the floor slab have received recent attention due to numerous failures of welded steel moment frames during the 1994 Northridge and 1995 Kobe earthquakes. After the earthquakes, it was apparent that the “simple” connections, including the slab, served as a “backup” structural system after the full moment connections failed. These connections significantly influenced the behavior of the lateral load resisting system. This paper reports on the results of a unique, full-scale bidirectional test on a composite connection. The connection behaved very well up to a uniaxial drift of about 2%. After that drift level, composite action began to deteriorate and the connection strength and stiffness declined. The results indicate that two previously unreported failure modes may need to be considered in the design of composite buildings if large cyclic bidirectional forces are present. One is a “punch through” of the column web due to the force transfer from the “pinned” side of the connection. The other is the formation of a concrete wedge as a result of the large bearing forces between the slab and steel column flange. As a result of this observation, a suggestion that the full depth of the slab be maintained for a region 150 mm (6 in.) around the joint has been incorporated in the commentary to Part II of the 2002 AISC Seismic Specification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3,4-Methylenedioxybenzoyl-2-thienylhydrazone (L-294) is a cardiac inotropic drug whose action is mediated by an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration as a result of enhanced Ca2+ accumulation in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In the present study we tested whether this new thienylhydrazone derivative was effective in mammalian skeletal muscle. We investigated the effect of L-294 on the contractility of isolated skeletal muscle, on Ca2+ uptake and release by sarcoplasmic reticulum in skinned fibers and in membrane vesicles. L-294 increased in a dose-dependent manner tension of isolated rat soleus muscle. In skinned type I fibers, L-294 induced tension and did not alter sarcoplasmic reticulum loading with Ca2+. L-294 reduced the threshold Ca2+ to induce Ca2+ release and did not affect the ATP-dependent accumulation of Ca2+ by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. These results suggest that L-294 is an inotropic agent in skeletal muscle through an increase in the amount of Ca2+ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The Montes Claros City is located in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniosis in the Minas Gerais State, Brazil. With the implementation of a program for the control of visceral leishmaniosis in 1994, a sectional study was carried out to evaluate the infection by viscerotropic Leishmania in the population of dogs from Montes Claros, basically using indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). Blood samples were collected on filter paper from 33,937 dogs, representing 96.1% of the canine local population. The prevalence for visceral leishmaniosis was found to be 9.7% in the municipality, being 9.9% in the urban area and 8.8% in the rural area. The annual incidence showed to be 64.3/1000 dogs. Prevalence of infection was not correlated with dogs age. The most affected breeds were: Boxer (24.6%) and Cocker (26.9%); Mongrel dogs had a prevalence of 7.8%. Short-hair animals had a prevalence of 11.9%, while long-furred animals had a prevalence of 8.9%. The isoenzymatic profile indicated that Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi was the visceral leishmaniosis etiological agent in Montes Claros City, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The main geographical areas for the parasite transmission were identified, and control measures were immediately started. The role of the dog as a reservoir for L. chagasi was confirmed. It was demonstrated that short-furred animals are at a higher risk of acquiring visceral leishmaniosis than the long-furred dogs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper describes an assessment of the Rational Unified Process (RUP) based on the Capability Maturity Model (CMM). For each key practice (KP) identified in each key process area (KPA) of CMM levels 2 and 3, the Rational Unified Process was assessed to determine whether it satisfied the KP or not. For each KPA, the percentage of the key practices supported was calculated, and the results were tabulated. The report includes considerations about the coverage of each key process area, describing the highlights of the Rational Unified Process regarding its support for CMM levels 2 and 3, and suggests where an organization using it will need to complement it to conform to CMM. The assessment resulted in the elaboration of proposals to enhance the Rational Unified Process in order to satisfy the key process areas of CMM. Some of these are briefly described in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the vast majority of cancers are believed to occur sporadically, most forms of cancer, both adult and paediatric, have a hereditary equivalent. In the case of adult malignancies, these include hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and syndromes such as the multiple endocrine neoplasias types 1 and 2 characterised by specific tumours of the endocrine gland system. In the case of paediatric malignancies, these include syndromes such as retinoblastoma and Wilms tumour. In a little over a single decade, we have seen a tremendous increase in the knowledge of the primary genetic basis of many of the familial cancer syndromes. The majority of familial syndromes are inherited as autosomal dominant traits including hereditary colon cancer and familial malignant melanoma, however, the genetics behind autosomal recessive disorders such as Bloom syndrome and Fanconi anaemia are also being elucidated. A third mode of inheritance less well understood in the setting of familial cancer is that of imprinting recently observed in a subset of families with inherited paraganglioma. In this review, we discuss 31 genes inherited in an autosomal dominant manner associated with 20 familial cancer syndromes. Genes inherited in an autosomal recessive manner linked to familial cancer syndromes are also discussed. The identification of genes associated with familial cancer syndromes has in some families enabled a ‘molecular diagnosis’ that complements clinical assessment and allows directed cancer surveillance for those individuals determined to be at-risk of disease. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Investigates the characteristics of FprA, a mycobacterial oxidoreductase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Role of FprA in the catalysis of reducing equivalents transfer; Conservation of FprA in mycobacteria and mammals; Importance of Arh1p in iron homeostasis.

Examines the conversion of L-aspartate to immunoaspartate. Biosynthesis of NAD coenzyme; Crystallization of the Laspo R386L holoprotein mutant; Formation of an active site cavity.

Presents information on a study which used the results of bolted T-stub component tests and full-scale T-stub connection tests to develop and calibrate a comprehensive T-stub connection stiffness model. Mechanisms influencing the behavior of T-stub connections; Behavior of a connection incorporating T-stubs; Models of T-stub deformation component; Model limitations; Conclusions.

Presents information on a study which focused on the results of tests on T-stub specimens of bolted steel connections. Behavior of bolted connections; Tension bolt and flange strength; Conclusions.

Part I. Discusses the applications of the electrician's multimeter to colorimetry and thermometry experiments. Applications of colorimetry in determining calibration curves; Applications of thermometry in calorimetric measurements; Phase equilibria; Stoichiometry; Chemical kinetics.

The arginine-ornithine periplasmic binding protein, an essential component of the arginine-ornithine transport system of Escherichia coli was isolated in a phosphorylated form and in a non-phosphorylated form from the periplasmic fluid, after incubation of intact cells with (32P)orthophosphate under conditions similar to those used for arginine transport studies. The binding protein could also be labeled with 32Pi by incubation in vitro of the periplasmic fluid with [γ-32P]ATP or by incubation in vitro of the purified binding protein, with radioactive ATP, Mg2+ and a phosphokinase enzyme released by osmotic-shock treatment. The two forms of the protein were separated by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. By several different criteria, which included binding studies, analyses of the amino acid composition of the forms of the protein, analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and testing for other components of the periplasmic space with affinities for inorganic phosphate, it was concluded that the 32P. labeled protein corresponds to a phosphorylated form of the arginine-ornithine-binding protein. The phosphorylation reaction required Mg2+ and a phosphokinase from the periplasmic fluid. The dissociation constant of the phosphorylated protein for arginine was 5.0 μM (dissociation constant of the unmodified protein equals 0.1 μM), suggesting that the chemically modified protein is the active form of the molecule which releases the ligand for its translocation through the cytoplasmic membrane. The pH-stability profile of the phosphoprotein has a ‘U’-shape characteristic Of acyl phosphates. Reaction of the phosphorylated binding protein with hydroxylamine at pH 5.4, also released Pi from the phosphoprotein. These properties suggest that the phosphoryl group of the phosphoprotein is linked covalently to a carboxyl transaction of the protein. This information indicates that ATP is a direct energy donor for the active transport of arginine and ornithine in E. coli, and a step of phosphorylation of the arginine-ornithine-binding protein appears to be involved in the utilization of the phosphate bond energy by the arginine-ornithine transport system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Part II. Presents information on a research which determined the effect of structural phenomena on the behavior of the type of fully-restrained, steel moment-resisting frame connections that failed during the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake. Experimental test setup and connection performance; Effect of composite floor slabs; Conclusions.

Examines Alfonso Reyes' exclusion of the Americanista tradition in his writings. Masking of this exclusion by the rhetoric of historical synthesis and universality; Reyes' efforts to take away the americanismo's political ground to invalidate the possibility of imagining a continental intellectual `we' outside the limits of the nation state.

Reports on the experimental strategy devised to explore the dissolution, precipitation and aqueous solubilities of analcime and a sodium form of clinoptilolite. Analcime thermodynamics and dissolution at 25 degrees celcius; Clinoptilolite thermodynamics and dissolution; Characterization and preparation of analcime and clinoptilolite.

Recent experiments demonstrated that reduced beam section moment connections with some of the largest hot-rolled beam and column shapes (jumbo shapes) may not have sufficient ductility for high seismic applications if designed according to current design procedures. A parametric computational study was performed to evaluate potential changes to the design procedures to enhance the ductility of these connections with jumbo shapes. First, three-dimensional finite element models were developed and calibrated to match cyclic experimental results including load vs displacement response, panel zone deformations, and deformed shape. The models were then used to conduct parametric studies with inelastic monotonic loading to examine the effect of design parameters including beam flange reinforcing fillet weld size, panel zone strength and doubler plate location on fracture potential. The results showed that the size of the reinforcing fillet weld on the underside of the bottom flange has a significant impact on the local stresses and strains at the location of fracture initiation in the tests and that larger size fillet welds should be used with jumbo beams to mitigate the concentration of inelastic strains. The results also showed that joints with higher panel zone strengths lead to lower fracture potential and that moving the column web doubler plate outwards to the edge of the flange is another effective strategy to reduce local strain concentrations. The absence of local buckling in jumbo sections eliminates the strength degradation that limits demands on the welds and needs to be taken into consideration in their design. Recent experiments demonstrated that reduced beam section moment connections with some of the largest hot-rolled beam and column shapes (jumbo shapes) may not have sufficient ductility for high seismic applications if designed according to current design procedures. A parametric computational study was performed to evaluate potential changes to the design procedures to enhance the ductility of these connections with jumbo shapes (Fig. 1). First, three-dimensional finite element models were developed and calibrated to match cyclic experimental results including load vs displacement response, panel zone deformations, and deformed shape (Fig. 2). The models were then used to conduct parametric studies with inelastic monotonic loading to examine the effect of design parameters including beam flange reinforcing fillet weld size, panel zone strength and doubler plate location on fracture potential. The results showed that the size of the reinforcing fillet weld on the underside of the bottom flange has a significant impact on the local stresses and strains at the location of fracture initiation in the tests and that larger size fillet welds should be used with jumbo beams to mitigate the concentration of inelastic strains. The results also showed that joints with higher panel zone strengths lead to lower fracture potential and that moving the column web doubler plate outwards to the edge of the flange is another effective strategy to reduce local strain concentrations. The absence of local buckling in jumbo sections eliminates the strength degradation that limits demands on the welds and needs to be taken into consideration in their design. Unlabelled Image • Parametric analyses aimed at clarifying behavior of steel welded connections utilizing jumbo steel sections were conducted. • The reinforcing fillet weld should have a minimum 14 mm at the bottom beam flange CJP groove weld in jumbo sections. • The strength of panel zone in jumbo sections is suggested equal to 0.85 times the shear yielding strength in current codes. • The fracture potential was reduced when the doubler plates were shifted to the edges of the flanges. • A larger peak strength factor may be applicable for sections with b bf /2t bf < 6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction to the journal is presented in which the editor discusses environmental law.

Objective: To know the association of abdominal ultrasound findings in preterm newborns with necrotizing enterocolitis. Method: Transverse, analytical study, patients with necrotizing enterocolitis abdominal ultrasound was performed: free fluid, large wall more than 2.5 mm, small bowel wall less than 1.1 mm, gas in portal vein, intestinal pneumatosis, decreased and/or absence of peristalsis, increase and/or absence of intestinal blood infusion. Chi square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to establish association ultrasound findings and necrotizing enterocolitis, alpha level < 0.05, SPSS v.23.0 program. Results: 37 patients. IA stage: small intestine wall less than 1.1 mm with a total of 15 (40%), 13 (35%) decreased peristalsis 11 (29%), absence of peristalsis 8 (21.62%). IB stage: free liquid, increased blood infusion 2 (5%). IIA stage: peristalsis decreased 7 (18%), small intestine wall less than 1.1 mm 4 (10%), free liquid 3 (8%), pneumatosis 2 (5%), absent blood infusion 1 (2%). IIIA stage: 1 (2%) free liquid, thinning of small intestine wall less than 1.1 mm, absence of peristalsis and blood infusion. Conclusion: There is an association of ultrasonographic findings in patients with necrotizing enterocolitis. Most frequent finding: small bowel wall less than 1.1 mm, free fluid, decreased peristalsis. It would be important to implement it as a diagnostic method in all cases for medical and surgical decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work establishes an analysis of the electromagnetic waves concepts and its application in the process of heat diffusion in solids in order to understand and spread the concept of thermal waves, so little addressed within the academy. It is possible to identify with this analysis how the temperature can change as a function of the thermophysical properties of the materials when a sample is subjected to a modulated and periodic excitation by means of electromagnetic waves. This allows some photothermal techniques, for instance, photothermal radiometry, to determine the thermal properties of materials such as thin films and homogeneous solids. The content developed in this article can be widely addressed in the form of disciplines in undergraduate and graduate courses intended for physics, engineering and students of related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The use of functional feeds in aquaculture is currently increasing. In this study, we investigated the impact of a diet containing Chlorella fusca and ethanol-inactivated Vibrio proteolyticus in Chelon labrosus. After 90 days of feeding, we assessed how this diet affected the fish's gut microbiota and gene expression related to metabolism, stress, and the immune system. We also tested the immune response after submitting fish to challenges with Aeromonas hydrophila and polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). Results showed that the combined dietary administration influenced the microbial community in the fish's intestines, but it did not change the way these microorganisms functioned. In terms of gene expression, we observed significant variations in several genes in different fish organs from fish fed the combination of microalgae and probiotics. Notably, the combined diet seemed to enhance the fish's ability to regulate stress and immune-related genes, suggesting that it could improve their resistance to stress and infections. Overall, the present study sheds light on how this diet affects both the gut microbiota and gene expression in C. labrosus, potentially benefiting their health and immune response. The use of functional feeds in aquaculture is currently increasing. This study aimed to assess the combined impact of dietary green microalgae Chlorella fusca and ethanol-inactivated Vibrio proteolyticus DCF12.2 (CVP diet) on thick-lipped grey mullet (Chelon labrosus) juvenile fish. The effects on intestinal microbiota and the transcription of genes related to metabolism, stress, and the immune system were investigated after 90 days of feeding. Additionally, the fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) to evaluate the immune response. Microbiota analysis revealed no significant differences in alpha and beta diversity between the anterior and posterior intestinal sections of fish fed the control (CT) and CVP diets. The dominant genera varied between the groups; Pseudomonas and Brevinema were most abundant in the CVP group, whereas Brevinema, Cetobacterium, and Pseudomonas were predominant in the CT group. However, microbial functionality remained unaltered. Gene expression analysis indicated notable changes in hif3α, mhcII, abcb1, mx, and tnfα genes in different fish organs on the CVP diet. In the head kidney, gene expression variations were observed following challenges with A. hydrophila or poly I:C, with higher peak values seen in fish injected with poly I:C. Moreover, c3 mRNA levels were significantly up-regulated in the CVP group 72 h post-A. hydrophila challenge. To conclude, incorporating C. fusca with V. proteolyticus in C. labrosus diet affected the microbial species composition in the intestine while preserving its functionality. In terms of gene expression, the combined diet effectively regulated the transcription of stress and immune-related genes, suggesting potential enhancement of fish resistance against stress and infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum, Poaceae) is cultivated on a large scale in (sub)tropical regions such as Brazil and has considerable economic value for sugar and biofuel production. The plant is a rich substrate for endo- and epiphytic fungi. Black yeasts in the family Herpotrichiellaceae (Chaetothyriales) are colonizers of human-dominated habitats, particularly those rich in toxins and hydrocarbon pollutants, and may cause severe infections in susceptible human hosts. The present study assessed the diversity of Herpotrichiellaceae associated with sugarcane, using in silico identification and selective isolation. Using metagenomics, we identified 5833 fungal sequences, while 639 black yeast-like isolates were recovered in vitro. In both strategies, the latter fungi were identified as members of the genera Cladophialophora, Exophiala, and Rhinocladiella (Herpotrichiellaceae), Cyphellophora (Cyphellophoraceae), and Knufia (Trichomeriaceae). In addition, we discovered new species of Cladophialophora and Exophiala from sugarcane and its rhizosphere. The first environmental isolation of Cladophialophora bantiana is particularly noteworthy, because this species up to now is exclusively known from the human host where it mostly causes fatal brain disease in otherwise healthy patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]