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Models of long-term product innovation depict the trajectory of products through an evolutionary selection metaphor in which product designs converge toward a dominant design. The product innovation literature favors trajectory descriptions based on the physical architecture of products while neglecting to account for the functional architecture. This paper offers a new way to explain the life cycle of product innovation by identifying motifs that describe a product's functions. Functional motifs are recurrent function blocks across multiple generations of designs for a product. A collection of functional motifs defines the functional architecture of the product. Using some key examples from innovations in sewing machines, the paper illustrates the occurrence of motifs as the basis for detecting the emergence of a dominant design. Patents related to the sewing machine over 177 years are analyzed to identify functional motifs characterizing the evolution and convergence toward a dominant design. Results show that motifs do not change over long periods once a dominant design emerges, even though components continue to change. This observation confirms a view of dominant designs as a technological frame but refutes the notion that design no longer matters in the era of incremental change. These motifs refine our understanding of how designs evolve along a particular path over the course of product innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal RNA modification among numerous post‐transcriptional modifications identified in eukaryotic mRNA. m6A modification of RNA is catalyzed by the "writer" m6A methyltransferase enzyme complex, consisting of METTL3, METTL14, WTAP and KIAA1429. The m6A modification is reversible and can be removed by "eraser" m6A demethylase enzymes, namely, FTO and ALKBH5. The biological function of m6A modification on RNA is carried out by RNA‐binding effector proteins called "readers." Varied functions of the reader proteins regulate mRNA metabolism by affecting stability, translation, splicing or nuclear export. The epitranscriptomic gene regulation by m6A RNA methylation regulates various pathways, which contribute to basic cellular processes essential for cell maintenance, development and cell fate, and affect response to external stimuli and stressors. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the regulation and function of m6A RNA methylation, with a focus on UV‐induced DNA damage response and the circadian clock machinery. Insights into the mechanisms of m6A RNA regulation and post‐transcriptional regulatory function in these biological processes may facilitate the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies for various diseases related to dysregulation of UV damage response and circadian rhythm. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal RNA modification among numerous post‐transcriptional modifications identified in eukaryotic mRNA. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the regulation and function of m6A RNA methylation, with a focus on UV‐induced DNA damage response and the circadian clock machinery. Insights into the mechanisms of m6A RNA regulation and post‐transcriptional regulatory function in these biological processes may facilitate the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies for various diseases related to dysregulation of UV damage response and circadian rhythm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This chapter explores the need and effectiveness of using peer educators to help address mental health issues on college campuses. The implementation process of a mental health peer education program at a large research institution, the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]