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The use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and/or functional electrical stimulation (FES) combined with functional activities may improve functional mobility in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to review the literature on the use of electrical stimulation for the lower extremities in children and adolescents with CP. METHODS: This literature review included clinical trials published between January 2018 and December 2023 conducted with children with CP aged between 4 and 18 years. The titles and abstracts of the studies were evaluated, followed by full-text reading. Systematic reviews and studies that did not perform electrical stimulation were excluded. The PEDro scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the selected clinical trials. RESULTS: Seven studies with moderate methodological quality were included (PEDro = 6.75 [4 to 8]). NMES or FES combined with exercise reduced spasticity, improved muscular physiology, improved gait pattern and mobility of children and adolescents with CP, and presented statistically significant results in the GMFM (p < 0.05) and other outcomes. CONCLUSION: The moderate quality of evidence suggests that the application of NMES and FES on the lower extremities can be used as adjunct therapy to improve gross motor function, mobility, and goal achievement in children and adolescents with CP. Further research with better methodological quality, large sample sizes, and long-term follow-up are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and hypothesis The objective was to investigate the effects of health education (HE) on urinary symptoms and quality of life in women with urinary incontinence (UI). Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of trials evaluating HE for women with UI. The risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. Results The search identified 5,118 articles. Eighteen papers were considered eligible. The interventions investigated included health education (HE), combined intervention, self-management (SM), and structured training (ST). Outcomes included quality of life (QoL), UI frequency, UI severity, impression of improvement, incontinence symptoms, urine leakage, fear of leakage, urgency, and incontinence impact. Compared with the control group there was a significant improvement in the frequency, severity, and impact on the QoL for women with UI (assessed by the total score of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ SF); RR = -1.47, 95% CI [-2.07, -0.88]; two trials; low certainty of the evidence). Conclusions This review shows that HE seems to be beneficial in the treatment of women with UI when compared with control women (no treatment or general health care), improving the frequency, severity, and impact on QoL assessed by the ICIQ SF total score. However, the certainty of this evidence is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Product sensory description is a fundamental action in sensory science, traditionally achieved through descriptive sensory tests. Rapid methods (Sorting and check all that apply [CATA]) that do not require trained sensory panels have been increasingly implemented to save time and costs. Considering the traditionality of the CATA method, this study is an extension of previous research on sensory drivers of liking of dulce de leche, comprising an investigation of Preference Sorting (PS) versus CATA to compare the results and information obtained from both techniques. PS and CATA tests showed similar results in determining dulce de leche sensory drivers of liking. However, some differences on sensory description were noted. Consumers considered the PS test more difficult than CATA. PS proved to be an alternative in determining the product sensory drivers of liking for a screening of a large number of samples, providing similar results to the traditional test—the CATA test. Practical Applications: The findings of this study show practical utility for consumer‐based methodologies, focusing on sorting tasks and sensory drivers of liking determination, complementing the preference sorting studies in a comparative perspective with a traditional sensory method to understand the technique and its applicability better. In addition, they are useful for Brazilian dulce de leche producers as they enable an understanding of consumer preferences to plan production, marketing, and commercialization strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative-interpretationist research has focused on students' - already teachers of a Parfor associated class pursuing a degree in education - value appreciation (BAKHTIN, 2011) of the difficulties associated with the daily experiences in academic writing and of the work performed by the university-level teacher while teaching genres related to the academic sphere in the course of each subject. As for the methodology, three students responded verbally to a survey which was recorded in a video in 2018. Whilst understanding writing as a social practice which is situated in discursive scopes that are not exempt from hierarchical, ideological and power relations (STREET, 2014), this debate is anchored in Literacy Studies (LEA; STREET, 1998; LILLIS, 1999; STREET, 2010, 2014 etc.), Philosophy of Language (BAKHTIN, 2011) and in researches that interweave teacher education and academic literacy (VIANNA et al, 2016; RODRIGUES; RANGEL, 2018 etc.). The produced value appreciations denote "hidden dimensions" between the request and the production of academic genres which are related to a type of writing that is constantly required by professors. Even though value appreciation indicates the need for more experience aquisition in this category, the assumption that students must not only get to know but also to master such genres in advance makes the significant writing experiences more difficult because it reduces the teaching space in the academic sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In situ prepared lithium arylselenolates {LiSePh, LiSe(2,6‐Me2Ph), LiSe(2,4,6‐Me3Ph)} or ‐tellurolates {LiTePh, LiTe(2,6‐Me2Ph), LiTe(2,4,6‐Me3Ph)} react with [ReOCl3(PPh3)2] and (NBu4)Br in good yields under formation of rhenium(V) complexes of the composition (NBu4)[ReO(L)4)]. The first oxidorhenium(V) complex with four monodentate phenolato ligands, [ReO(2,6‐Me2Ph)4]−, was prepared and isolated in crystalline form. This allows a comparison of experimental and computational data of a full series of such compounds with basal O, S, Se and Te donor atoms. Similar reactions with [ReCl3(PPh3)2(CH3CN)] or [ReCl3(PMe2Ph)3] give trigonal bipyramidal rhenium(III) complexes of the compositions [Re(PPh3)(L)3(CH3CN)] or [Re(PPh3)2(L)3] depending on the chalcogenolate applied. The reported oxidorhenium(V) and rhenium(III) complexes were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods and X‐ray diffraction. The bonding situation in the rhenium(V) and rhenium(III) chalcogenolates was assessed through density functional theory calculations based on the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), natural bonding orbital (NBO) analysis, charge analysis, the electron localization function (ELF) maps and topological descriptors at the {3,−1} critical points such as metallicities. Expectedly, the ionicity of the rhenium‐chalcogen bonds decreases according to all three applied charge models from O to Te. Generally, the Re−Se and Re−Te bonds are more directional in the Re(III) complexes than in the oxidorhenium(V) compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the gastric mucosa of more than half of the world's population. Eradication is performed with first-line triple therapy to reduce the onset of infection-related gastric disease. H. pylori was considered by the World Health Organization as one of the main bacteria that need new strategies for drug development. The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of resistance of H. pylori to antibiotics used in different therapeutic regimens. This is an integrative review, whose articles were surveyed in the PubMed, LILACS, Science Direct and SciELO databases. The inclusion criteria were studies published in Portuguese and English, indexed in the last ten years, with free access in full and that addressed the theme. The results showed mean resistance rates to metronidazole of 47.6%, levofloxacin of 24.7% and clarithromycin of 24.6%. For tetracycline and amoxicillin the means were 1.5% and 0.9% respectively. These results demonstrate varying patterns of resistance and reinforce the need to develop new drugs. It is concluded that the abusive use of antibiotics has led to increased resistance of H. pylori to the antibiotics used in its eradication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polypropylene (PP) samples were exposed to accelerated aging with UV-C light and showed a morphology inside the crackings like that of thermoplastic polymers under stress, known as craze. Herein we used the well-established photodegradation of polypropylene to build the relationship between the phenomenon of fibrillation inside the crackings and the microvoid formation during the evolution of the craze process. The basis of our proposition is the similarity of the processes but the stress source: whereas an external tensile stress load drives the craze, in photodegradation the stress comes from the changes caused by the crystallization, which reduces volume, creating tensions and forming cracks. We followed the polypropylene photodegradation using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), tensile tests, Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Diffractometry (XRD) to prove the correlation between the cracking evolution and the craze mechanism. From this similarity, we paved the way to applying the current knowledge about the craze phenomenon to understand better the cracking evolution on polypropylene surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To verify the use of pain drawing to assess multisite pain in with primary dysmenorrhea (PD) and to assess its divergent validity, test-retest reliability, intra- and inter-rater reliability and measurement errors.Methods: Cross-sectional study. Adult women with self-reported PD three months prior to the study. Women answered the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and the pain drawing during two consecutive menstruations. The pain drawings were digitalized and assessed for the calculation of total pain area (%). Intra- and inter-rater reliability and the test-retest reliability between the first and the second menstruations were assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Measurement errors were calculated with the standard error of measurement (SEM), smallest detectable change (SDC) and the Bland-Altman plot. Spearman correlation (rho) was used to check the correlation between the total pain area and pain intensity of the two menstruations.Results: Fifty-six women (24.1 ± 3.1 years old) participated of the study. Their average pain was 6.2 points and they presented pain in the abdomen (100%), low back (78.6%), head (55.4%) and lower limbs (50%). All reliability measures were considered excellent (ICC > 0.75) for the total pain area; test-retest SEM and SDC were 5.7% and 15.7%, respectively. Inter-rater SEM and SDC were 8% and 22.1%, respectively. Correlation between total pain area and pain intensity was moderate in the first (rho = 0.30; p = 0.021) and in the second menstruations (rho = 0.40; p = 0.002).Conclusion: Women with PD presented multisite pain, which could be assessed with the pain drawing, considered a reliable measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • [Zn(NA) 2 Cl 2 ] complex, with monoclinic symmetry (P 2 1 /a) was successfully crystallized; • Solvation effect on structural and thermodynamic properties was studied by DFT using PBE1PBE and B3LYP functionals; • DFT allowed vibrational modes adequate assignments in FT-IR and Raman spectra under different solvation conditions; • The complex is thermally stable up to around 200 °C with a decomposition enthalpy of 335.27 kJ/mol; • [Zn(NA) 2 Cl 2 ] exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A dichlorobis(nicotinamide)zinc(II) complex, [Zn(nicotinamide) 2 Cl 2 ], was crystallized through the slow evaporation method, and its vibrational, electronic, structural, and thermal properties have been characterized. Density functional theory (DFT) was used for the accurate analysis of intramolecular vibrational modes, obtaining chemical reactivity indices and comparative studies of geometric and electronic parameters, including solvation effects in methanol, ethanol, and water, as well as in vacuum. Additionally, the nature and strength of the bonds associated with the coordination sphere (Cl–Zn and N–Zn) were elucidated from the quantum theory of atoms in molecules and natural bond orbital analyses. Powder X-ray diffraction showed that the coordination compound belongs to a monoclinic symmetry with P 2 1 / a (C 2 h 5) space group. Thermal analyses revealed that the material is stable up to 200 °C. From DFT calculations, the complex is chemically more stable in solvents compared to vacuum conditions, with the aqueous medium offering greater stability. The chemical stability was also analyzed by infrared and Raman spectroscopy, with the results showing spectral changes mainly for the vibrational spectra obtained in methanol, ethanol, and water against those obtained in vacuum. Biological experiments showed the complex antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, mainly against the Cutibacterium acnes ATCC 6919 strain. A computational study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME), and drug-likeness were calculated to support the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze, from an intersectional perspective, the psychosocial suffering of mothers of young people murdered in the dynamics of violence in peripheral territories of Fortaleza. The reflections come from research-intervention, which, by taking intersectionality as a key concept, allows us to follow the realities experienced by women without incurring a depoliticization and individualization of their sufferings. The work sought to articulate studies from Social Psychology with authors of Feminisms and related areas that deal with violence, black women and intersectionalities. Data were produced by interviews and observations of social movements. The results and discussion section draws attention to a) blaming processes and their relationship with class, race and gender, in which the deaths of youth induces more precariousness in these women's lives, and b) fear, isolation, loneliness and silence as actors in the psychosocial suffering producing new forms of sociability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work–family conflict constitutes an important source of occupational stress predicting teachers' burnout, and cognitive variables have shown to be core structures in explaining human adaptation to stress. Nevertheless, the role of cognitive appraisal needs to be fully analysed to comprehend how it can mediate the relationship between stress and burnout. In order to understand the potential mediation of cognitive appraisal in the relationship between stress and burnout, we adopted conceptual models of stress that highlighted the value of cognitive appraisal on positive and negative reactions to work demands. Also, we analysed the potential moderation of sex and age in the relationship between work–family conflict, cognitive appraisal, and burnout due to inconsistent findings on how these personal variables can interfere on these relations. In this study, we used structural equation modelling (SEM) to test the mediating of cognitive appraisal in the relationship between work–family conflicts and burnout. A survey with measures of work–family conflicts, cognitive appraisal, and burnout was administered to the participants consisting of 438 Portuguese teachers from kindergarten through high school, aged between 28 and 67 years (M = 46.85; SD = 7.88), 304 of whom were females (69.41%). The results confirmed that cognitive appraisal partially mediated the relationship between work–family conflict and burnout. The mediation effect of cognitive appraisal on the relationship between work–family conflict and burnout was invariant regardless of teachers' sex or age. In sum, cognitive appraisal should be considered in order to understand teachers' adaptation to work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To build an educational booklet for guidance in the care of Graft Against Host Disease in patients undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Methods: Methodological research, divided into three stages. In the first, an integrative literature review was carried out, in the second stage, the care guidelines for post-transplant patients were raised in specialized manuals and websites, and in the third stage, semi-structured interviews identified nursing care guided by professionals. experts, active in Bone Marrow Transplant Service. After these steps and unification of care, an educational booklet was built, with the help of the Canva program and support from a marketing professional. Results: The booklet uses visual aids and consists of guidelines organized according to the organ affected by the complication, such as skin, gastrointestinal tract, lung, mouth, eye, among others. As skin care is mentioned: avoid exposure to the sun; daily use of sunscreen; use of cotton clothes and long sleeves; attention to the appearance of body itching. Conclusion: The integration of evidence found in the literature, information from renowned websites and the experience of specialist nurses allowed the production of support material for the guidelines for care, carried out by nurses, corroborating the health education process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is a widely studied biopolymer as an alternative to the use of conventional polymers. In this sense, the incorporation of fillers or reinforcements coming preferably from other substances of natural origin, can be an alternative to try to improve some mechanical and thermal properties of starch polymers. Thus, Kraft Lignin (KL), can be an excellent filler to be incorporated, since it presents mechanical and thermal properties and reduces the cost and weight of the final compounds. TPS films were prepared by casting using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent and additives with 2, 4 and 8% KL. Characterization of TPS films and compositions with KL were carried out by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Dynamic Thermomechanical Analysis (DMTA), tensile testing and contact angle. Samples were also analyzed for biodegradation and for the ability to remove contaminants in water, Metil Orange (MO), by Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV–Vis). The FT-IR spectra of the films showed bands typical of functional groups derived from starch and lignin, with the intensity of these bands varying among the samples studied. Micrographs revealed slightly different morphologies among the films, but all showed irregular shapes with structures that appeared as plots. Increasing the percentage of KL led to an increase in contact angle values, showing a more hydrophobic behavior. In the TGA analysis, it was possible to observe a change in the main degradation event of the films for lower temperatures, especially of TPS – 4 and 8% KL compared to the TPS film. Films with KL had the peak of maximum degradation shifted to temperatures below the starch film, where the decrease in intensity of the main peak in the TPS - 4% KL and TPS - 8% KL samples demonstrates that there was less mass loss in the event. There was also in the percentage of residue as the addition of KL was increased The DMTA analyses allowed for the conclusion that presence of KL in TPS film allowed for an increase in its energy storage property, and that the loss modulus followed a decreasing order of storage modulus values to TPS - 8% KL from TPS. For the tensile strength property only TPS - 4% KL has significant improvement, and the elongation at break showed an increase for TPS – 4 and 8% KL compared to TPS. Samples showed a continuous and progressive biodegradation process, being completely biodegraded within 10 days. The monitoring of the ability to remove contaminants from water by UV–Vis, also showed promising results of compounds for this application. The best results were obtained, in most tests, for the TPS- 4% KL films. • Improvement in thermal and mechanical properties in TPS films with KL • The increase in the KL percentage led to a more hydrophobic behavior in TPS films. • Using of KL as a material of added value for improvement of the thermal properties of TPS • The presence of lignin slow down the biodegradation process in TPS films • The KL reduces the mass loss of the TPS film, and can be applied in controlled release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study highlights the integration of lignin with graphene oxide (GO) and its reduced form (rGO) as a significant advancement within the bio-based products industry. Lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resin is used as a carbon source in polyurethane foams, with the addition of 1 %, 2 %, and 4 % of GO and rGO to produce carbon structures thus producing carbon foams (CFs). Two conversion routes are assessed: (i) direct addition with rGO solution, and (ii) GO reduction by heat treatment. Carbon foams are characterized by thermal, structural, and morphological analysis, alongside an assessment of their electrochemical behavior. The thermal decomposition of samples with GO is like those having rGO, indicating the effective removal of oxygen groups in GO by carbonization. The addition of GO and rGO significantly improved the electrochemical properties of CF, with the GO2% sensors displaying 39 % and 62 % larger electroactive area than control and rGO2% sensors, respectively. Furthermore, there is a significant electron transfer improvement in GO sensors, demonstrating a promising potential for ammonia detection. Detailed structural and performance analysis highlights the significant enhancement in electrochemical properties, paving the way for the development of advanced sensors for gas detection, particularly ammonia, with the prospective market demands for durable, simple, cost-effective, and efficient devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common gynecological disorder characterized by cramping pain in the lower abdomen during menstruation, in the absence of identifiable pathology. While Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is used to promote PD pain relief, there is still a need to understand the parameters and cost-effectiveness of this intervention. As such, this study aims to disclose a study that will evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of TENS on pain intensity in women with PD. This is a protocol for an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial that includes 174 women with PD, >18 years old, with menstrual pain greater than or equal to four points in the Numerical Rating Scale. Participants will be randomized into three groups (active TENS, placebo TENS, and educational booklet). Participants allocated to the active TENS group will receive electrical stimulation (F = 100 Hz, pulse duration = 200 μs, for 30 min). In contrast, the placebo TENS group will receive placebo stimulation (same parameters, but for only 30 s, and then the current will be ramped off over a 15-s time frame) for three consecutive months during menstruation. Participants allocated to the educational booklet group will receive instructions about health promotion and education actions related to PD. A blinded assessor will evaluate the pain intensity (Numerical Rating Scale), presenteeism (Stanford Presenteeism Scale), Health-Related Quality of Life (Short-Form 6 dimensions and SF-36), and health costs of menstrual pain. This is the first study to propose a health economic evaluation while assessing the benefits of using TENS to treat PD symptoms. It is hypothesized that active TENS will be more effective than placebo TENS or the educational booklet in improving clinical outcomes in the short-, medium- and long-term. The study will also provide information about the cost-effectiveness of TENS, which can be used by policy makers to improve PD care in public and private health systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensory descriptive methods are useful tools for quality control and product development. In recent years, faster methods (such as Sorting task), which do not require trained sensory panels, have been increasingly implemented to save time and consumption. Sorting task is a simple procedure for collecting similarity data, in which each assessor groups stimuli based on their perceived similarities, following or not by the samples description. Several variations of this method have been developed and presented. However, none of these approaches focused mainly on determining attributes that drive product acceptance. Thus, it is important to evaluate some tasks variations to establish recommendations about procedures useful for screening numerous samples, considering their characteristics that most contribute to their acceptance. Therefore, this study assessed three sorting task variations, varying the sorting criteria—based on similarities or based on acceptance, to assess Dulce de leche drivers of liking. Sorting criteria and the sensory description task influenced sensory results. Focusing on drivers of liking determination, grouping criteria based on preference (suggested name as Preference Sorting), following the description of the characteristics that most contribute to product acceptance, seems to be interesting. Practical application: The findings of this study show practical utility for consumer‐based methodologies, focusing on sorting task and drivers of liking determination. In addition, they are useful for Brazilian Dulce de leche producers as it enables understanding the consumer preferences to plan production, marketing, and commercialization strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gastrointestinal cancer surgery continues to be a significant cause of postoperative complications and mortality in high-risk patients. It is crucial to identify these patients. Our study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of specific perioperative risk assessment tools to predict postoperative complications, identifying the most informative variables and combining them to test their prediction ability as a new score. Methods: A prospective cohort study of digestive cancer surgical patients admitted to the surgical intermediate care unit of the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Portugal was conducted during the period January 2016 to April 2018. Demographic and medical information including sex, age, date from hospital admission, diagnosis, emergency or elective admission, and type of surgery, were collected. We analyzed and compared a set of measurements of surgical risk using the risk assessment instruments P-POSSUM Scoring, ACS NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator, and ARISCAT Risk Score according to the outcomes classified by the Clavien-Dindo score. According to each risk score system, we studied the expected and observed post-operative complications. We performed a multivariable regression model retaining only the significant variables of these tools (age, gender, physiological P-Possum, and ACS NSQIP serious complication rate) and created a new score (MyIPOrisk-score). The predictive ability of each continuous score and the final panel obtained was evaluated using ROC curves and estimating the area under the curve (AUC). Results: We studied 341 patients. Our results showed that the predictive accuracy and agreement of P-POSSUM Scoring, ACS NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator, and ARISCAT Risk Score were limited. The MyIPOrisk-score, shows to have greater discrimination ability than the one obtained with the other risk tools when evaluated individually (AUC = 0.808; 95% CI: 0.755–0.862). The expected and observed complication rates were similar to the new risk tool as opposed to the other risk calculators. Conclusions: The feasibility and usefulness of the MyIPOrisk-score have been demonstrated for the evaluation of patients undergoing digestive oncologic surgery. However, it requires further testing through a multicenter prospective study to validate the predictive accuracy of the proposed risk score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to describe the sensory profile of artisanal Minas cheeses using the Sorting task to generate the sensory patterns that can be applied in the processes of certification and registration of Geographical Indication of Origin of these products. Sorting task was useful to characterize and define the sensory patterns of artisanal cheeses from Canastra and Araxá regions. There was a good relationship between the consumer grouping/description and the production region. In general, Canastra cheeses were characterized as buttery cheeses, with a yellowish crust and a sweet taste, while Araxá cheeses were related to firm, crumbly, white‐cream, salty, and sour sensory attributes. These sensory descriptors can be useful for the geographical indication process and can help on the certification of these products. Practical applications: The findings of this study are useful for Brazilian artisanal cheese producers as it enables to use a sensory approach to differentiate cheeses form different regions, being an additional tool, which contributes for improvement of certification process. In addition, it shows practical utility for consumer‐based methodologies as it was used the sorting task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazilian Cerrado biome is the largest and richest tropical savanna in the world. In order to understand the effects of climate changes on the hydrology of the Cerrado basins, this paper investigates the hydrological impacts of climate change throughout the 21st century under different emissions scenarios on the streamflow and on the droughts in the Sono, Manuel Alves da Natividade and Palma basins, located in the Brazilian Cerrado. For this purpose, the SWAT hydrological model driven by the downscaling of the HadGEM2‐ES and MIROC5 global climate models associated with RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios were used in three time slices (2011–2040, 2041–2070 and 2071–2099). The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Streamflow Index (SSFI) were used to characterize droughts. In general, the results showed that the duration, intensity and frequency of the meteorological and hydrological droughts are expected to increase during the future periods. However, the hydrological droughts are projected to be larger than the meteorological droughts. Reductions in the streamflow are indicated in all future time slices and under both RCPs, especially, during dry periods, which may cause negative impacts in the ecological functions of the Cerrado biome, risk for reduction of the recharge of aquifers and risk for the electric energy production in northern Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis and characterisation of [Cu4In(PPh3)3SePh(μ-SePh)3(μ3-SePh)3] (1) is described together with its use as a precursor of CuInSe2. Compound 1 is a kind of single source precursor that has increased thermodynamic stability relative to many other organometallic compounds, and it can be used to generate the CuInSe2 sensitizer. The CuInSe2 generated from 1 was immobilized in TiO2 to give the composite CuInSe2/TiO2 (1a), which behaves as an active and robust photocatalyst for water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to compare the frequency generated by Shaker® with the frequency generated by DIOTTIX® in the thorax of patients with COPD in a cross-sectional prospective study. The application of DIOTTIX® was performed at the apex of the right lung and then in the left lung and the frequencies generated at the apex and at the base of the right and left lungs were captured. In this study the frequency generated by DIOTTIX® was higher than that generated by Shaker® when analyzed on the chest of patients with COPD. The frequency generated by DIOTTIX ® was always constant, remaining very close to 25 Hz, both in the right lung (apex: 25.2 [24.8 - 25.5] and base: 24.8 [23.8 - 25.4 ]) and in the left lung (apex: 25.3 [25.0 - 26.3] and base: 25.1 [24.2 - 25.9]), unlike Shaker ® that presented higher frequency at the apex of the lung (17.7 [13.3-18.4]) compared to the right lung base (10.4 [7.74-11.4]) and similarity between the apex and base of the left lung (9.78 [7], 77-18.0] and 8.80 [6.85-18.6] respectively). DIOTTIX® maintained its fixed frequency at approximately 25Hz, regardless of application site and was significantly higher than that generated by Shaker® when analyzed in the right lung (apex p: 0.003 and basep: 0.005) and left lung (p: 0.003 at apex and base). In this sense, we understand that DIOTTIX® presents advantages as an alternative tool for bronchial hygiene since, besides the constant maintenance of frequency and superiority, it is easy to apply independently of the level of collaboration of the patient when compared to other devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of elderly people who were restricted to bed at a Community of Salvador - BA, highlighting* the importance of the Physiotherapist in Primary Health Care. Method: It is a descriptive epdemic and exploratory study. The search was conducted between September and November of 2018, through the collection of secondary data by means of records of a Family Health Unit. Results: 357 records were analyzed, 172 elderly were found and of this sample, 10, 5% were restricted to the home and 2, 9% restricted to bed. Conclusion: It was possible to outline an epidemiological profile of the analyzed sample, however, it was not possible to find a significant number of restricted elderly due to limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Brazilians and Slovakians evaluated the temporal profile and the acceptability of cachaça stored with different woods (Cumarurana (CM), Jatobá (JT) and, Louro‐vermelho (LV), which are found in the Amazon rainforest, and also oak), with the aim of performing a cross‐cultural comparison of the dynamic profile of the attributes perceived in the cachaças and the sensorial acceptance of the samples. RESULTS: Important differences were observed between the temporal sensorial profiles generated by the two groups and their preferences. Brazilians preferred cachaças stored with the traditional wood, oak, followed by those stored with JT and CM. In contrast, Slovakians preferred cachaças stored with JT, followed by those stored with LV and oak. For both countries, the dominance of wood flavor and vanilla attributes at the end of the analysis time was positively associated with acceptance, while the dominance of off‐flavors and the wood flavor attribute at the beginning of the analysis time was negatively associated with acceptance for Brazilians and Slovakians, respectively. CONCLUSION: Brazilians preferred cachaça stored with oak wood, and Slovakians preferred cachaça stored with JT wood, with acceptability being strongly associated with the dominance of wood flavor and vanilla attributes at the end of the evaluation time. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the implications of analyzing texture and taste simultaneously on Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) descriptions of Prato cheese. TDS tests were performed in two ways: I-panelists performed TDS tests of cheeses evaluating an attribute list with taste and texture sensations in a same session; II-TDS sessions were performed for each sensory modality. The difficulty and reliability degrees on performing the tests were assessed by the panelists; and some physico-chemical parameters were determined to compare the sensory and instrumental results. During TDS tests, simultaneous evaluations provided a higher number of significant sensations (considering both taste and texture sensations), but at lower dominance rates. Moreover, it was noted that one of the main implications of the simultaneous analysis on TDS results was the temporality differences (the time to reach the significance level, the sensation duration and the sensations sequence). However, regarding only the attributes that most characterized the samples, the results suggested a great similarity between the descriptions obtained from both TDS modalities. The simultaneous analysis implied greater difficulty in performing the tests and less reliable results according to the panelist's opinions. Moreover, the panel considered the texture evaluation more difficult than the taste evaluation. Regarding the instrumental analysis, the physico-chemical parameter intensity (amplitude) was not strongly linked to the maximum dominance rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the implications of the number of samples per panelist in experimental precision and relative efficiency of treatment comparisons when modelling order effects for Dulce de Leche samples using a Sudoku design. Precision is defined as small variance and relative efficiency is defined as smaller variance than other alternative. Both are related to increasing discrimination power. A series of 8 Sudoku 16 × 16 squares being 4 randomized independently and 4 others in the reverse order, was designed to allow a linear model fitting to experiments of different sizes (orders 1 to 4, 1 to 8, 1 to 12 and 1 to 16). Data from 112 panelists were kept. Responses were recorded using a nine-point hedonic scale. Data was analyzed using a mixed linear model panelist, order and treatment (sample) effects. Analysis has shown a pronounced order effect, showing a first sample effect overestimation. Moreover, it was noted that order effect was rather evidenced in the first four orders, making for a relatively more precise experiment than the ones using remaining samples. Therefore, the use of Sudoku can be a convenient strategy to organize smaller testing sessions that could result in efficient experiments, with small variance of the estimated averages or effects and needing a lot less panelists to make a design as efficient as the large one used. Moreover, Sudoku can also inspire an efficient design that allows different test sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid exhaustion of fossil fuels brings to the fore the need to search for energy efficient strategies. The conversion of lignin into advanced functional carbon-based materials is considered one of the most promising solutions for environmental protection and the use of renewable resources. This study analyzed the structure-performance correlation of carbon foams (CF) when lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resins produced with different fractions of kraft lignin (KL) were employed as carbon source, and polyurethane foam (PU) as sacrificial mold. The lignin fractions employed were KL, fraction of KL insoluble in ethyl acetate (LFIns) and fraction of KL soluble in ethyl acetate (LFSol). The produced CFs were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, 2D HSQC Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and electrochemical measurements. The results showed that when LFSol was employed as a partial substitute for phenol in LPF resin synthesis, the final performance of the produced CF was infinitely higher. The improved solubility parameters of LFSol along with the higher S/G ratio and β-O-4/α-OH content after fractionation were the key to produce CF with better carbon yields (54 %). The electrochemical measurements showed that LFSol presented the highest current density (2.11 × 10−4 mA.cm−2) and the lowest value of resistance to charge transfer (0.26 KΩ) in relation to the other samples, indicating that the process of electron transfer was faster in the sensor produced with LFSol. LFSol's potential for application as an electrochemical sensor was tested as a proof of concept and demonstrated excellent selectivity for the detection of hydroquinone in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND The prebiotic effects of a cashew apple ( Anacardium occidentale L.) agro-industrial byproduct powder ( CAP) on different potentially probiotic Lactobacillus strains, namely Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-05, Lactobacillus casei L-26 and Lactobacillus paracasei L-10, were assessed using in vitro experimental models. Accordingly, the growth of the Lactobacillus strains when cultivated in a broth containing CAP (20 or 30 g L−1), glucose (20 g L−1) or fructooligosaccharides ( FOS) (20 g L−1) was monitored over 48 h; the prebiotic activity scores of CAP were determined; and the changes in pH values, production of organic acids and consumption of sugars in growth media were verified. RESULTS During the 48-h cultivation, similar viable cell counts were observed for the Lactobacillus strains grown in the different media tested. The CAP presented positive prebiotic activity scores toward all the tested Lactobacillus strains, indicating a desirable selective fermentable activity relative to enteric organisms. The cultivation of the Lactobacillus strains in broth containing glucose, FOS or CAP resulted in high viable cell counts, a decreased pH, the production of organic acids and the consumption of sugars over time, revealing intense bacterial metabolic activity. CONCLUSION The CAP exerts potential prebiotic effects on different potentially probiotic Lactobacillus strains and should be an added-value ingredient for the food industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effects of pneumoperitoneum alone or combined with an alveolar recruitment maneuver (ARM) followed by positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on cardiopulmonary function in sheep. Study design Prospective, randomized, crossover study. Animals A total of nine adult sheep (36-52 kg). Methods Sheep were administered three treatments (=10-day intervals) during isoflurane-fentanyl anesthesia and volume-controlled ventilation (tidal volume: 12 mL kg-1) with oxygen: CONTROL (no intervention); PNEUMO (120 minutes of CO2 pneumoperitoneum); PNEUMOARM/PEEP (PNEUMO protocol with an ARM instituted after 60 minutes of pneumoperitoneum). The ARM (5 cmH2O increases in PEEP of 1 minute duration until 20 cmH2O of PEEP) was followed by 10 cmH2O of PEEP until the end of anesthesia. Cardiopulmonary data were recorded until 30 minutes after abdominal deflation. Results: PaO2 was decreased from 435-462 mmHg (58.0-61.6 kPa) (range of mean values in CONTROL) to 377-397 mmHg (50.3-52.9 kPa) in PNEUMO (p < 0.05). Quasistatic compliance (Cqst, mL cmH2O-1 kg-1) was decreased from 0.85-0.92 in CONTROL to 0.52-0.58 in PNEUMO. PaO2 increased from 383-385 mmHg (51.1-51.3 kPa) in PNEUMO to 429-444 mmHg (57.2-59.2 kPa) in PNEUMOARM/PEEP (p < 0.05) and Cqst increased from 0.52-0.53 in PNEUMO to 0.70-0.74 in PNEUMOARM/PEEP. Abdominal deflation in PNEUMO did not restore PaO2 and Cqst to control values. Cardiac index (L minute-1 m²) decreased from 4.80-4.70 in CONTROL to 3.45-3.74 in PNEUMO and 3.63-3.76 in PNEUMOARM/PEEP. Compared with controls, ARM/PEEP with pneumoperitoneum decreased mean arterial pressure from 81 to 68 mmHg and increased mean pulmonary artery pressure from 10 to 16 mmHg. Conclusions and clinical relevance Abdominal deflation did not reverse the pulmonary function impairment associated with pneumoperitoneum. The ARM/PEEP improved respiratory compliance and reversed the oxygenation impairment induced by pneumoperitoneum with acceptable hemodynamic changes in healthy sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the efficacy of glycone (myricitrin, hesperidin and phloridzin) and aglycone flavonoids (myricetin, hesperetin and phloretin) in inhibiting biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus RN4220 and S. aureus SA1199B that overexpress the msrA and norA efflux protein genes, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC 50 – defined as the lowest concentration that resulted in ≥50% inhibition of biofilm formation) of flavonoids were determined using microdilution in broth procedures. The flavonoids showed MIC >1024 μg/mL against S. aureus RN4220 and S. aureus SA1199B; however, these compounds at lower concentrations (1–256 μg/mL) showed inhibitory effects on biofilm formation by these strains. Aglycone flavonoids showed lower MBIC 50 values than their respective glycone forms. The lowest MBIC 50 values (1 and 4 μg/mL) were observed against S. aureus RN4220. Myricetin, hesperetin and phloretin exhibited biofilm formation inhibition >70% for S. aureus RN4220, and lower biofilm formation inhibition against S. aureus SA1199B. These results indicate that sub-MICs of the tested flavonoids inhibit biofilm formation by S. aureus strains that overexpress efflux protein genes. These effects are more strongly established by aglycone flavonoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bacteria of genus Salmonella were identified over a hundred years, an important etiologic agent of food toxic diseases in humans. Currently they are known over 2500 different serotypes of this bacterium, and those belonging to the species S. enterica sub. Enterica, the most important public health. Swine salmonellosis manifests itself in two ways, septicemia or gastroenteritis. The first is generally associated with serovars S. Choleraesuis and S. Typhimurium, and second, to serovars not adapted. Some stressors such as prolonged fasting, travel for long periods, among others, act in the release of cortisol and catecholamines which in turn, increase intestinal motility, the frequency of bowel movements and therefore the excretion of Salmonella. There are multiple risk factors associated with contamination with Salmonella pig carcasses during the slaughter line such as the use of contaminated utensils, drilling and extravasation of gastrointestinal contents. It is known that pork and its derivatives are considered important sources of human salmonellosis. In order to prevent the occurrence of this disease, various measures may be used such as the microbiological analysis of the final product, performed by quantifying microorganisms indicators such as total aerobic mesophilic (MAT) and the Enterobacteria, or for research specific pathogens such as Salmonella, and the application of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures (SSOP) and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, based on a doctoral thesis, aimed to investigate how Portuguese language teachers from three public schools in Niterói, Brazil, understand their work as writing instructors and how they apply it in the classroom. This was done by listening to their versions of reality and their voices in interaction. It also sought to contribute to the discussion on Portuguese teaching in today's public schools. We analyzed the teachers' enunciations based on the theory of enunciation, using devices such as focus groups and individual interviews, which were carried out between 2013 and 2014, respectively. The subject of writing instruction was approached with textual linguistics as a theoretical framework. We concluded that the text still exists in school as a living genre, but, as a teaching-learning unit, it is still used as a product to either pass the time, gain linguistic knowledge or learn a technical metalanguage that only addresses the teacher and whose immediate social goal is the classroom itself. Although advances in academic research on language have been substantial, teachers in general still find themselves clueless as to how to work with groups that show difficulties in the writing process - difficulties that are only further compounded by the teaching conditions in public schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes a study that tested the immediate effects of a functional electrostimulator on the gastrocnemius muscles of children with cerebral palsy. The objective was to evaluate plantar pressures during static and dynamic posture, with and without the use of the electrostimulator. Two children and one adolescent with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy and normal development participated in the study. The results showed that the use of the electrostimulator improved the distribution of plantar pressures in the affected and unaffected lower limbs, suggesting an improvement in weight distribution during walking. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the immediate effects of using a functional electrostimulator on the angular movements of children with cerebral palsy. The study tested a prototype electrostimulator produced by two public institutions on two children and one adolescent with unilateral cerebral palsy. The results showed a slight improvement in the angular movements of the hip, knee, and ankle, as well as an improvement in gait propulsion and synergy of the muscles responsible for walking. Gastrocnemius electrostimulation can increase or maintain the range of joint movements and improve gait propulsion. [Extracted from the article]

This paper examines the additivation of thermoplastic starch (TPS) matrix by selected fractions of kraft lignin (KL) and correlates its structure-performance when exposed to photooxidative degradation. KL from Eucalyptus urograndis wood was refined by a sequential fractionation process in ethyl acetate (EtOAc). Films were prepared by mixing lignin fractions as additive in TPS matrix by casting and pressing. The lignin employed were KL, fraction of KL insoluble in EtOAc (INS) and fraction of KL soluble in EtOAc (SOL). The samples were exposed to accelerated aging with Ultraviolet-C light (UV-C) for 432 h. Structural changes were measured by FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared) spectra. Thermal properties, such as melting enthalpy, glass transition temperature and thermal decomposition, were evaluated by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) and TG (Thermogravimetry). Morphology of the films was obtained by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Surface property of wettability was measured by contact angle. Mechanical properties were explored before and after exposure to UV-C light. It was observed that the least photodegraded films were those resulting from the addition of the lignin fraction with higher phenolic hydroxyl group content. According to structural and morphological observations, the soluble fraction (TSOL) presented the highest photoprotection and stabilizing effect as an UV-C light blocker additive on TPS matrix. • Different lignin fractions improved photoprotection of TPS films. • Higher photoprotection observed in TPS film with soluble lignin fraction additive. • Stabilized morphology and improved thermal properties with lignin as an additive • Greater number of phenolic groups led to higher UV-light barrier properties. • Innovative eco-friendly biodegradable and renewable matrix and additive [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of different panels with three different profiles: consumers, panel selected based on their good sensory ability, and selected and “familiarized” panel (introduced to the attributes involved in the analysis and conducting three preliminary tests before the final test), for TDS analysis of chocolates with different cocoa contents. TDS curves were analyzed by multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA), followed by the interaction deployment and by PCA. The different panels provided different descriptions for chocolate samples with 35% and 53% cocoa and similar descriptions for the sample with 63% cocoa. Moreover, higher dominance rates were observed in the consumer results. Through MANOVA and PCA it was possible to verify that Panel I was able to discriminate the three chocolates, while the selected panel and the selected and familiarized panel only discriminated chocolate with 35% cocoa from the others. Furthermore, we found that the consumers group spent less time to elect the first sensation and used more attributes to describe the chocolate with 35% cocoa. This indicated that the selection protocol associated with only two sessions to introduce the panelists to TDS procedures and temporality notion, and the familiarization with the TDS sensations protocol used in this study followed by three preliminary TDS tests were not sufficient to improve the TDS response regarding the consumer evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High sugar consumption has been related to several chronic diseases and thus, many alternative sweeteners have been extensively researched. However, there is still controversy regarding the harmful effects of their consumption, mainly regarding the use of artificial sweeteners, controversy which increases the demand for natural sweeteners, such as miracle fruit. This tropical plant grows in West Africa is named for its unique ability of changing a sour taste into sweet. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the temporal profile of miracle fruit and assess its sugar substitute power in sour beverages through time-intensity and temporal dominance of sensations tests. For this, unsweetened lemonade and lemonades with sugar, sucralose and previous miracle fruit ingestions were evaluated. We noted that the dynamic profile of lemonade ingested after miracle fruit ingestion indicates that it seems to be a good sugar substitute, since it provides high sweetness intensity and persistence, reduced product sourness and an absence of aftertastes. The miracle fruit also provided a sensory profile similar to that of sucralose, an established and recognized sugar substitute. The results of this study provide important information for future applications of miracle fruit as a sugar substitute in sour beverages, providing an alternative use for a natural substance as a sweetening agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a strategy was proposed aiming to describe an efficient kraft lignin (KL) fractionation method to extract large amounts of low molar mass lignin to partially replace non-renewable phenol with the KL fractions in the synthesis of phenolic resins. KL from Eucalyptus urograndis wood was refined by a fractionation process in ethyl acetate (EtAc). The lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resins were formulated by replacing 25% and 50% of phenol with the fractionated lignin. The lignin employed were KL, fraction of KL insoluble in EtAc (LFIns) and fraction of KL soluble in EtAc (LFSol). The LFSol and LFIns fractions were analyzed for composition, functional group content, and thermal properties. Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) results indicated that the lower molar mass lignin fractions (LFSol) showed higher solubility in EtAc. The total hydroxyl groups content (by 31P NMR) of the soluble EtAc fraction increased to 4.73 mmol.g−1 after fractionation. The phenolic resin based on monomers derived from LFSol showed adhesion strength, glass transition temperature and thermal stability with values close to commercial phenolic resins. The better homogeneity of the LPF resin produced from LFSol at 25% phenol substitution resulted in adhesion properties similar to the control resin. On the other hand, LFSol could successfully directly replace 15% of the commercial PF resin (corresponding to > 30% phenol replacement) showing the performance similar to the commercial PF control and significantly higher than the LFIns and non-fractionated KL. • Extraction method of low molar mass kraft lignin. • Structure-performance correlation of selection of kraft lignin fractions. • Partial replacement of non-renewable phenol by lignin fractions. • Improved performance of the soluble lignin fraction as an adhesive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Serra da Canastra region, located in southwestern Minas Gerais, Brazil, is recognized worldwide for its tradition of producing artisanal cheeses. However, as production is done by hand, great variability exists in the characteristics of artisanal Minas cheese. Thus, it is important to characterize the sensory profile of these products and verify the quality attributes that lead to their acceptance. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the dynamic sensorial profile of artisanal Minas cheese produced in the Serra da Canastra region through temporal dominance of sensations and sensory acceptance tests and verify the attributes that lead to product quality. We observed that the texture and flavor profile varied among the evaluated artisanal Minas cheeses from Serra da Canastra, some cheeses being more characterized by creamy and soft or hard and firm sensations, whereas others had high dominance rates for crumbly texture. In relation to flavor, salty and bitter tastes were dominant in most cheeses, some also being characterized by a sour taste, and others by buttery and rancid attributes, which indicates a lack of product standardization. However, all samples obtained scores between 6 (liked slightly) and 7 (liked moderately), indicating good acceptability in relation to the texture and flavor of the evaluated cheeses. Moreover, it is possible to infer that creamy and soft or hard and firm are positive attributes for cheese texture, and bitter, buttery, salty, and acid taste drive cheese acceptance. This study provides important information for product standardization, quality improvement, and process origin indications, besides providing quality attributes that meet consumer desires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) method is used to investigate the perception of sensory attributes over time after ingesting a food. In this study, we used multivariate approaches for TDS data assessment based on Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) and Principal Component Analysis. Tests were performed in triplicate with 10 selected panelists who were acquainted with chocolate attributes. Six samples of chocolate containing different cocoa contents (28%, 34%, 41%, 55%, 70%, and 85%) were evaluated for 40 s. PARAFAC was able to compare the entire TDS curves of the products, which allowed discrimination among the chocolates on the basis of TDS profile pattern recognition. In addition, PARAFAC enabled identification of attributes that contributed the most toward product discrimination and assessment of the influence of time. PCA enabled the discrimination of the chocolates on the basis of parameters that summarize TDS curves and the assessment of the influence of the quantitative curve parameters on the discrimination of the samples. The approaches present as complementary tools to assist TDS interpretations and can be used in conjunction with other statistical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer treatments cause breast changes that are detectable in subsequent mammography exams. This work investigates if these changes are perceived as differences in breast composition by automatic exposure systems, and if such differences are high enough to have impact in exam doses. Data was obtained for 226 patients treated with unilateral conservative surgery followed by radiotherapy (S&RT) of the left (114) or right (112) breast, who had mammographic exams in direct digital GE units, Senographe DS (SenoDS) or Senographe Essential (Essential). The relevant data was extracted from Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images, and the Mean Glandular Dose (MGD) was calculated using the model of Dance. Compression force and area were 15–30% lower for treated breasts (S&RT) relative to untreated, while compressed breast thickness (CBT), incident air kerma (Ki) and MGD were 14–17%, 22–28% and 10–18% higher, respectively. The variation of MGD and Ki with CBT is similar for treated and untreated breasts. High values of Ki, MGD and CBT occur for some treated breasts with relatively small areas, probably as a result of less compressible breast tissue. Equipment-determined composition was found to be similar for treated and untreated breasts. Treated breasts are imaged with slightly higher doses as a result of higher CBT, but the dependence of Ki and MGD on CBT remains unchanged. There is no need to separate data for treated and untreated breasts in large-scale analysis of exam doses. • Compressed breast thickness (CBT) is higher after cancer treatment. • Variation of MGD and Ki with CBT is similar for treated and untreated breasts. • Equipment-determined breast composition is not affected by cancer treatments. • Dosimetric data for treated and untreated breasts can be combined for analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of concluded researches, it was discussed about the Formation of Environmental Educators in the critical boarding, understanding it as a mechanism to overcome the model of prevailing society. With the severity of social and environmental problems, conservative discourses and practices were naturalized inside and outside of school. Policies for formation of educators appear without critical absorption, limited to romanticized, behavioral and technicist experiences. However, it is understood to be possible to infiltrate, through the existent gaps, an emancipatory, critical and transforming Environmental Education to question and fight for quality of life and environmental justice. Based in authors of this field, in this article, it was intended to reflect about the formation of environmental educators and the incorporation of this critical dimension in the University. However an important social space for reflection, formation and dissemination of new knowledges about education, the University introduces the environmental dimension reduciously in the degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose that animates this study is to develop analyses and construct arguments , focusing the "man's image" as a philosophical theme of the reflexive process of the continuing teacher formation. The methodology used in the argument's formulation was recurrent to the essay, with an articulated chain of the analyses supported by contributions, whose thematic and theoretical delimitation are being justified in the article. In the final considerations, we have reinforced the arguments on the importance of the continuing and deepening of the teacher's formation, emphasizing, in these studies and reflections, the subsides of the thematic field of the education's philosophy, and in it, the consideration to intriguing questions concerning the "man's image" that can, in a less viewed and reflected way, be underlying to the scope of teacher's educational practices. We have proposed, then, that it should be considered in the criteria guiding the practices, critical and contextualized references, that can be met in the dynamics of action-reflection-action, found in the meetings of formation in the schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential use of disposable electrochemical systems in sustainable agriculture has revolutionized monitoring and management practices. Portable and compact electrochemical sensors have facilitated widespread application in all agricultural sectors, enabling real-time monitoring and data collection. These sensors provide a cost-effective solution for continuous monitoring, reducing the cost of farm management and improving accessibility, especially for small farmers. Integration with Internet of Things (IoT) platforms and smart devices enables automated data collection, remote monitoring, and precise control of agricultural activities. Advances in sensor materials and manufacturing techniques have improved the sensitivity and specificity of sensors, enabling accurate detection of a wide range of analytes. However, the development of sensors that can withstand extreme temperatures and humidity remains a hurdle. Effective data management systems and user-friendly interfaces are crucial for handling large amounts of data and providing actionable insights for farmers. The research into sustainable and biodegradable sensor materials is essential to minimize environmental impact and promote environmentally friendly farming practices. In this way, advances in disposable electrochemical systems are transforming sustainable agriculture by providing innovative solutions for monitoring and management. Addressing current challenges through ongoing research and development will further improve the effectiveness and acceptance of these technologies in agriculture. This review highlights recent advances in sustainable agriculture monitoring and emphasizes their central role in agricultural sustainability and productivity as well as the trends for this subject over the next few years. [Display omitted] • Disposable electrochemical systems transform agricultural monitoring with real-time data. • Portable and compact sensors reduce costs and improve accessibility for small farmers. • Integration with IoT enables remote monitoring and precise control of agricultural activities. • Improvements in materials and techniques enhance sensor sensitivity and specificity. • Research in biodegradable materials minimizes environmental impact and promotes sustainable farming practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The developing of sensor devices for portable and selective detection remains an emergent technology needed for monitoring water contamination. In this work, we developed a flexible and biodegradable sensor based on the polymer poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) mixed with graphite (g), creating (g-PBAT) for the simultaneous detection of paraquat (PQ) and carbofuran (CBF) pesticides. The g-PBAT was used as an electrode support and was modified with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and carbon nitride dotes by Layer-by-Layer technique. The sensor’s performance was evaluated through electrochemical methods using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and differential pulse voltammetry. The results demonstrated good reproducibility and repeatability with RSD of 14% and 8.8%, respectively. The stability in terms of current signal peak increased by only 8.5% compared to the initial cycle. The limit of detection (LoD) and limit of quantification (LoQ) were 0.63 µM and 2.10 µM for PQ, respectively, with a sensitivity of 3.69E-5 ± 5.94E-7 A cm−2 M−1, while the CBF had a LoD and LoQ of 7.14 µM and 23.8 µM, respectively, with a sensitivity of 2.51E-7 ± 2.09E-8 A cm−2 M−1. Additionally, the recovery methodology for the real sample showed ranges from 89.3% to 105.0% for PQ, and 92.1% to 105.9% for CBF, indicating that the sensor exhibits good sensitivity and stable RSD, ranging from 4% to 7.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of ultraviolet (UV) light and oxygen has a detrimental effect on various materials. In polymers, this interaction can result in irreversible changes in the material's color and gloss, as well as a decline in its strength and flexibility. Changes in mechanical properties are the primary cause of crack formation due to chain splitting, impacting both the material's properties and the device's performance. In such cases, total or partial replacement of the product is necessary to prevent operational interruptions and accidents. The use of a visual colorimetric coating, applicable to different materials with complex geometries, that enables measurement of the exposure of the coated material to UV light may serve to predict in situ degradation of devices. This study explores the feasibility of creating a colorimetric film sensitive to ultraviolet light C (UV–C) deposited on a polypropylene substrate. The film was deposited using radiofrequency 13.56 MHz, 40 W, 30 min, low-pressure plasmas with oxygen (20 %), acetylene (40 %), and hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) (40 %) in an atmosphere of 23 Pa. The impact of UV-C irradiation on the sample chemical structure, thickness, morphology, and roughness was investigated. Samples were examined every 3 h of UV-C exposure through Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), and photographs analyzed by Hue-Saturation-Lightness (HSL). The films are composed of C, O, H, and Si in a typical amorphous carbon-hydrogenated-oxygenated (C C, C O, O–H, and C–H) network doped with Si (Si–CH 3 , Si–O, Si–OH) groups, exhibiting an amber color. Upon UV-C irradiation, the concentration of unsaturated C bonds (C C and C O) decreases, Si is depleted, and a gradual color change occurs until the film becomes colorless after 30 h of exposure. The proposed mechanism for the modification in the composition and structural arrangement of the film leading to discoloration is based on the results of the analyses conducted. • Photocolorimetric device was developed using polypropylene coated with a thin film. • Colorimetric coating, applicable to different materials with complex geometries. • Film exposed UV-C, gradually losing its amber color with increasing irradiation time. • Structural healing processes under UV-C aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new stationary phase for GPC was developed. • A new method for separating lignin fragments and sugar has been proven. • Acetosolv lignin was fractionated by GPC on a preparative scale. • The HEDTA was able to elute acetosolv lignin samples. • Lignin fractions were separated according to their hydrodynamic volume. In this paper a new stationary phase was studied, a hydrogel derived from cellulose acetate (DS 2.5) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride (HEDTA) was used in gel permeation chromatography (GPC) on a preparative scale for elution of acetosolv lignin samples. Initially, tests were performed to verify the potential of HEDTA as a stationary phase for separation of lignin fragments and sugars, using sodium phenolate to simulate lignin, and glucose, simulating the sugars. Results have shown that more than 90 % of the two compounds were separated. Then, HEDTA was used to elute samples of acetosolv lignin extracted from sugarcane bagasse. The separation happened according to its hydrodynamic volume, where the fraction 1 (F1) with the highest average molar mass (1026 g.mol−1) showed shorter retention time. While fraction 11 (F11) had a longer retention time as expected, because F11 had lower average molar mass (740 g.mol−1). The GPC chromatograms and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of the first fractions did not show curves or bands, characteristic for phenol derivatives. So, it became evident that the sample was fractioned. This work shows the synthesis of a new stationary phase for GPC with low-cost raw material, a simple procedure and derived from cellulose, a renewable resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the numerical rating scale (NRS) measurement properties in women with dysmenorrhea. Methods: This was an online clinimetric study. Brazilian women aged over 18 years old with internet access to respond to online instruments were included in the study. We evaluated criterion validity (comparing women with and without dysmenorrhea), construct validity between the NRS and the bodily pain domain of the SF-36, test-retest reliability, and measurement errors (in women with dysmenorrhea). Results: Two hundred thirty-eight women with and 192 without dysmenorrhea participated in the study. For criterion validity, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.902 (95%CI, 0.873–0.931), and a cutoff point of 3 was considered to have the best sensitivity (83%) and specificity (86%). For construct validity, the NRS showed a moderate negative correlation with the SF-36 bodily pain domain (r=-0.46; p < 0.001). For test-retest reliability and measurement errors, 105 women whose symptoms did not change between 7 and 10 days of retest, with intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.90, standard error of measurement = 0.97, and smallest detectable change = 2.76 points. Conclusions: The NRS can be considered a valid and reliable patient-reported outcome measure for assessing dysmenorrhea-related pain intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) contribute significantly to overall postoperative morbidity and mortality. In abdominal surgery, PPCs remain frequent. The study aimed to analyze the profile and outcomes of PPCs in patients submitted to abdominal surgery and admitted in a Portuguese polyvalent intensive care unit. Methods: From January to December 2017 in the polyvalent intensive care unit of Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal, we conducted a retrospective, observational study of inpatients submitted to urgent or elective abdominal surgery who had severe PPCs. We evaluated the perioperative risk factors and associated mortality. Logistic regression was performed to find which perioperative risk factors were most important in the occurrence of PPCs. Results: Sixty patients (75% male) with a median age of 64.5 [47–81] years who were submitted to urgent or elective abdominal surgery were included in the analysis. Thirty-six patients (60%) developed PPCs within 48 h and twenty-four developed PPCs after 48 h. Pneumonia was the most frequent PPC in this sample. In this cohort, 48 patients developed acute respiratory failure and needed mechanical ventilation. In the emergency setting, peritonitis had the highest rate of PPCs. Electively operated patients who developed PPCs were mostly carriers of digestive malignancies. Thirty-day mortality was 21.7%. The risk of PPCs development in the first 48 h was related to the need for neuromuscular blocking drugs several times during surgery and preoperative abnormal arterial blood gases. Median abdominal surgical incision, long surgery duration, and high body mass index were associated with PPCs that occurred more than 48 h after surgery. The American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score 4 and COPD/Asthma determined less mechanical ventilation needs since they were preoperatively optimized. Malnutrition (low albumin) before surgery was associated with 30-day mortality. Conclusion: PPCs after abdominal surgery are still a major problem since they have profound effects on outcomes. Our results suggest that programs before surgery, involve preoperative lifestyle changes, such as nutritional supplementation, exercise, stress reduction, and smoking cessation, were an effective strategy in mitigating postoperative complications by decreasing mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]