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It is theoretically possible for a hydrogen atom to have an energy level that is even lower than the ground state. Assuming that hydrogen atoms with this energy do exist, it would be also necessary to adjust the Rydberg formula, which predicts the wavelength of photons emitted during an electron transition. When solving for the photon wavelength using the formula newly derived in this paper, there is a slight discrepancy between the theoretical value and the experimental value thought to completely match this wavelength. This paper asserts the possibility of the existence of a hydrogen atom energy level even lower than the ground state, and concludes that an investigation of this is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes a model of the Universe that is a possible alternative of the well known Big Bang model. It is assumed that the Universe is filled with a gravitating matter that does not interact with light. This matter is immobile, has approximately constant average density, and provides a framework in which the visible matter moves similarly as defects or vacancies move in a crystal from the bulk to the surface. It is further assumed that the visible matter was created from this invisible matter by an unspecified phase transition or condensation some time in the past or alternatively is being continuously created throughout the bulk of the Universe on a smaller scale and is being driven out to the edges where it disintegrates. This process contributes to the generation of gamma ray bursts, the high energy cosmic radiation, and the cosmic microwave background radiation. The phase transition or condensation, however, is not studied in this article. The model provides a simple equation for the observed recession velocities of distant galaxies and since the recession velocities are typically measured by analyzing the emitted spectrum of such objects, the Rydberg formula is examined in detail to understand which parameters are sensitive to the recession velocities and to the cosmological gravitational potential. The theory is compared with the available data of the gamma ray bursts, the Supernova Cosmology project, and the BATSE catalog, and a very good agreement is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]