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Several developments and research methods are ongoing in drug technology and chemistry research to elicit effectiveness regarding the therapeutic activity of drugs along with photoprotection for their molecular integrity. The detrimental effect of UV light induces damaged cells and DNA, which leads to skin cancer and other phototoxic effects. The application of sunscreen shields to the skin is important, along with recommended UV filters. Avobenzone is widely used as a UVA filter for skin photoprotection in sunscreen formulations. However, keto-enol tautomerism propagates photodegradation into it, which further channelizes the phototoxic and photoirradiation effects, further limiting its use. Several approaches have been used to counter these issues, including encapsulation, antioxidants, photostabilizers, and quenchers. To seek the gold standard approach for photoprotection in photosensitive drugs, combinations of strategies have been implemented to identify effective and safe sunscreen agents. The stringent regulatory guidelines for sunscreen formulations, along with the availability of limited FDA-approved UV filters, have led many researchers to develop perfect photostabilization strategies for available photostable UV filters, such as avobenzone. From this perspective, the objective of the current review is to summarize the recent literature on drug delivery strategies implemented for the photostabilization of avobenzone that could be useful to frame industrially oriented potential strategies on a large scale to circumvent all possible photounstable issues of avobenzone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major contributor to skin aging, cancer, and other detrimental health effects. Sunscreens containing FDA-approved UV filters, like avobenzone, offer protection but suffer from photodegradation and potential phototoxicity. Encapsulation, antioxidants, and photostabilizers are strategies employed to combat these drawbacks. Octocrylene, an organic UV filter, utilizes nanotechnology to enhance sun protection factor (SPF). This review examines recent literature on octocrylene-enriched sunscreens, exploring the interplay between environmental impact, nanotechnological advancements, and clinical trial insights. A critical focus is placed on the environmental consequences of sunscreen use, particularly the potential hazards UV filters pose to marine ecosystems. Research in the Mediterranean Sea suggests bacterial sensitivity to these filters, raising concerns about their integration into the food chain. This review aims to guide researchers in developing effective strategies for photostabilization of UV filters. By combining encapsulation, photostabilizers, and antioxidants, researchers can potentially reduce phototoxic effects and contribute to developing more environmentally friendly sunscreens. [Display omitted] • This review explored octocrylene formulations, nanotech advancements, and clinical insights. • Studies revealed bacterial sensitivity to sunscreen UV filters in Mediterranean waters. • Nanotechnology showed promise for robust protection through skin-persistent carriers. • Clinical research emphasized perpetual safety evaluation needs. • A balanced evaluation of impact, efficacy, and implications emerged as crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of 2′-aryl/benzyl-2-aryl-4-methyl-4′,5-bithiazolyl derivatives, 25 – 64 were synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis MC 2 155 strain and antimicrobial activities against four pathogenic bacteria Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris . Among them, compounds 40 , 49 , 50 , and 54 exhibited moderate to good inhibition on the growth of the bacteria Mycobacterium smegmatis at the concentration of 30 μM. Compounds 26 , 40 , 44 , 54 and 56 exhibited moderate to good antibacterial activity. Compound 5-(2′-(4-fluorobenzyl)thiazol-4′-yl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-thiazole ( 54 ) exhibited both antitubercular as well as antimicrobial activity against all tested strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

40 Title compounds (III) are prepared and screened for their biological activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]