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This work is presented in order to discuss school health in Brazil, the construction of the School Health Program, its historical context and aspects related to intersectoral actions between education and health. It is based on exploratory research in different types of works, in order to constitute a scientifically relevant study and theoretical reflections and bring up current discussions on the topic addressed. The historicity of school health in the world is perceived and stratified until reaching the Brazilian context, in line with advances in global studies in public health, as well as the issuance of specific ordinances and interministerial documents involving the Unified Health System, the attention primary care and health promotion. The discussion about intersectoriality and its perspectives as a way of management and its impacts on society and on the health of the student is promoted. Some forms and examples of prevention, health education and health promotion actions are also exposed in conjunction with the understanding of the social determinants of health. It is concluded that, despite the unstable historical path, the health of the student has become one of the aspects of health promotion policies of great importance for the Brazilian nation and that it still needs organized and well-managed actions to carry out a satisfactory intersectoral dynamic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is growing evidence showing the efficacy of contextual or thirdgeneration therapies in various contexts and clinical conditions. In large groups of first- and second-year high school students (n= 112), the present study compares the efficacy of applying a program based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) versus a combined program using strategies from Functional-Analytical Psychotherapy (FAP), resulting in a so-called FACT approach. The purpose of this intervention was to extract the most relevant processes underpinning clinical changes to design training programs based on contextual behavioral science to improve students' health. The results indicated that both interventions produced statistically significant improvement in the health of the students. The program combined with FACT was superior in the self-concept variable. The implications of both brief programs to improve students' health in short periods are discussed on the basis of a behavioral methodology adapted to the academic context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arab-Islamic communities keep customs that are transmitted to descendants in their family and community spaces. The study aimed to analyze the influence of Arab-Islamic culture on health learning in two schools in Foz do Iguaçu - Brazil and one school in Cidade de Leste - Paraguay. This is a quantitative-descriptive study, conducted in 2017. A structured questionnaire was used. 37 high school students of Arab-Islamic origin participated. In data analysis, the frequency, percentage, mean, median and standard deviation of the observations were calculated. Of the 37 participants, 67.6% are female, with a mean age of 17.2 years. The data were organized in three evaluative questions: 1) Health Hygiene (in the three schools, a score of 5 (median) was attributed to the vast majority of the statements, associating learning with social life); 2) Water / Basic Sanitation (the Biological Sciences subject had the highest frequency of grades 5 (median) in the three schools, and the item that received the highest score was "drinking water must be drinkable" and the one with the lowest was "Correct disposal of waste" with grade 3). 3) Healthy Eating (the discipline of Biological Sciences was the one that had the least influence on the answers, obtained a low frequency of grades 5 (median), different from the discipline of Religion with higher scores). Arab-Islamic culture contributes to health learning by demonstrating that working with religious leaders can be strategic, especially on items, water/sanitation, waste disposal and the importance of avoiding standing water for dengue prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bullying at school is a worldwide phenomenon. Observers are central to understanding the phenomenon and developing preventive actions. Objective: To know the experience of students identified as witnesses of bullying situations. Methodology: Qualitative and exploratory study developed in a Brazilian school, in the light of the Social cognitive theory. Twenty students aged between 13 and 18 years participated. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Thematic analysis was applied to the data. Results: The prevalence rate of students who observed bullying was 64%. Participants have good knowledge about bullying, assess aggressive behavior as negative or harmful, but this understanding does not translate into a sense of self-efficacy and actions to help victims. A thematic category was built -- Taking action, reinforcing and feeling -- "What was also motivating the aggressor to do this is the audience". Conclusion: The students' experience is marked by individual, school and contextual issues. Implications for primary health care are spelled out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the types of violence that most affect adolescents, the places where they happen and what makes them vulnerable. Methods: This is an integrative literature review, with searches performed in the months of September and October 2018. The studies were published between 2013 and 2019, in the BVS, LILACS, BVS Adolec Brasil and PubMED databases, using the keywords adolescent, violence, public health and school health. Results: The research included 144 articles that were organized and characterized according to the year, type of study, types of violence against adolescents, coping strategies and levels of evidence. Bullying, sexual violence and domestic violence emerged in the articles as the types of violence most cited. Among the coping strategies, actions related to social vulnerability factors and the creation of intersectoral violence prevention programs emerged. Conclusion: Bullying, sexual violence and intrafamily violence were the types of violence against adolescents that stood out the most in the analyzed scientific literature. The performance in an intersectoral network, mainly articulating the health and education sectors, was pointed out as important strategies to face violence against adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The health area has been adapting to the use of technology, using it as an important ally in programs for monitoring and preventing obesity and associated problems. Objective: To assess the acceptance of the TeenPower e-therapeutic program in adolescents. Methodology: Sequential mixed-method study with 47 students in grades 6, 7, and 8 in Portugal. In the first phase, data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic data, acceptance questionnaire, food choices, body image (dis)satisfaction, lifestyle profile, and eHealth literacy. The second phase included an interactive online session with a discussion forum, followed by Bardin's content analysis. Results: The acceptance of the TeenPower program by adolescents had a positive mean score in the 4 factors assessed on the scale. eHealth literacy was also positively associated with the perceived usefulness of the TeenPower program. Conclusion: The successful acceptance of e-therapeutic programs can lead to innovation and improvement in obesity prevention, thus providing an effective response to the adolescents' expectations and needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to analyze the academic production that deals with the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school-age adolescents and the effectiveness of Physical Activity at School programs. The methodology used was the literature review. In the initial search, 280 articles were found, after applying the filters 129 articles remained, after reading the titles, 15 articles remained, after reading the abstracts, 5 articles remained, the full texts were read, 5 articles remained. It was found that for proper effectiveness in reducing obesity and overweight through the practice of Physical Activity at school it would be necessary to increase classes. Thus, it is worth noting that studies that deal with the Effectiveness of Physical Activity Programs at School are of paramount importance for the reduction of overweight and obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the life skills of the apprentices of the Sena according to the sex, in the city of Cucuta -Colombia. Methodology: The study was developed from the positivist perspective and quantitative approach, the scope of the descriptive study of comparative level, non-experimental design. The sample was simple random composed by 350 young people between women and men, who met the criteria of age 18-25 years, being enrolled in a technical and technological plan in the institution of training for work in the semester 2018B. The data collection was developed through the life skills test. Results and Discussion: Taking into account the findings of performance in life skills, both in men and women enrolled in work education in technical and technologists programs, similar performance in interpersonal relationship skills is perceived, however, some studies show differences in performance especially in specific skills such as assertiveness and self-confidence, being higher in men Conclusions: It is pertinent to apply to life training programs for youth, life skills strategies to strengthen these skills at a higher level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The School Nursing service has existed in many countries around the world for decades. In Spain, the presence of Nursing in schools is isolated and not uniformly regulated. The promotion of health and Health Education plays a key role in students' current health. Objective: To determine experts' degree of consensus on public and child and youth health in terms of aspects related to School Nursing, with the aim of establishing the priority contents that should be developed in the care giving function and in Health Education. Materials and methods: A two-round prospective study with a qualitative approach (the Delphi method), based on a sample of 17 experts. An online baseline questionnaire was prepared, asking for opinions and proposals on School Nursing. The second round included the response percentages and proposals subject to prioritization by means of expert assessment and consensus. Results: Most endorse some type of physical presence of nurses in schools, which would contribute to improving educational inclusion and attention to diversity. Its role in the promotion of health and prevention, early identification of diseases, and attention to mental health is pointed out. Conclusions: The school environment should be taken into account as a new and differentiated operating environment for Nursing. Nursing staff becomes a necessary innovation agent in school health, looking after the entire educational community (students, teachers and family). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environment has been shown to be pivotal in the development of children during the school age; that it must be taken into account when promoting the child's health. This study analyzed worldwide literature on school health promotion in relation to the environment. A search was carried out including indexed articles using the keywords school health, health promotion and environment. The search covered the term 2014-2017, without any language or geographic restriction. Out of 106 reported references, 40 met the selection criteria; these ones were applied a bibliometric analysis regarding the environment classification, evidence level and content-based categories. Even though the reported evidence is weak, it is verified that the school health relates directly to the environment from the personal sphere to the cultural and social spheres. The contents in the studied literature can be grouped in six categories: interactions and citizen's behavior, environment and hydration, environment and physical activity, dealing with special health conditions, environment and nutrition, and policies to promote health at school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bullying is a frequent public health problem in developing countries. This is the first mixed study that investigates the interaction between the quality of family interactions and bullying among Brazilian students. 2,354 adolescents participated in the study. Two scales and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Statistical analyses and content analysis using Atlas.TI software were developed. The Bioecological Theory of Development was adopted as the theoreticalmethodological framework. The students not involved in bullying situations presented better family interactions. Negative communication, negative marital interaction, and corporal punishment emerged as critical factors for the involvement in bullying situations. Rules, parental supervision and positive family aspects are protective factors. The family is responsible for the process of moral development and providing essential support to victims. The debate should be broadened in the health field in order to organize anti-bullying interventions focusing on a family approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bullying at school has stood out, generating several negative repercussions on the health of adolescents. Objective: To evaluate the effects of an intervention based on the Theatre of the Oppressed in the reduction of bullying at school 6 months after its completion. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study, conducted between 2016 and 2017, with high school students from two schools of the state capital of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Among the 231 participants, 133 composed the intervention group, and 98 the comparison group. Before and after the intervention, the groups were assessed by the Peer Aggression and Victimization Scale (EVAP). The t-test and chi-squared test were used for the data analysis, and measurements were not compared. Results: The intervention group showed a significant reduction in the direct victimization and aggression, 6 months after the end of the intervention. However, the comparison group showed a significant increase in all forms of bullying victimization and aggression. Conclusion: The Theatre of the Oppressed contributed to the reduction of bullying among adolescents and can be incorporated into the actions of health promotion in schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bullying at school has stood out, generating several negative repercussions on the health of adolescents. Objective: To evaluate the effects of an intervention based on the Theatre of the Oppressed in the reduction of bullying at school 6 months after its completion. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study, conducted between 2016 and 2017, with high school students from two schools of the state capital of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Among the 231 participants, 133 composed the intervention group, and 98 the comparison group. Before and after the intervention, the groups were assessed by the Peer Aggression and Victimization Scale (EVAP). The t-test and chi-squared test were used for the data analysis, and measurements were not compared. Results: The intervention group showed a significant reduction in the direct victimization and aggression, 6 months after the end of the intervention. However, the comparison group showed a significant increase in all forms of bullying victimization and aggression. Conclusion: The Theatre of the Oppressed contributed to the reduction of bullying among adolescents and can be incorporated into the actions of health promotion in schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text is a comparative study of two school health policies, in Parana: one from the 1920s and the other one from the beginning of the 21st century. The historical approach presents as documentary corpus the Government Reports, the magazine O Ensino, from the 1920s, the legislation and the School Health Program results, implemented in 2017. These sources present the official position of policies aimed at prevention, promotion and health education in the school environment. The analysis has as reference the cultural studies of Foucault. The results show that they are policies that incorporated health as a curricular component, aimed at changing social behaviors and forming healthy habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Identify the perceptions of parents about the activities of the extension project realized by the health professional in the school context. Methodology: This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach realized with 15 parents and / or tutors in a municipal school in Belém, Pará, Brazil. This research originated from the extension project "Ludicity as a tool for the health promotion children and adolescents in school space", which occurred from January 2014 until February 2017 with the support of the Pro-Rectory of Extension/ UFPA. Results: The categories found were: the need and importance of extension project in the community; listing the themes for health education activities; recognizing the social vulnerability in which they live. Conclusions: It was possible to affirm that the project of university extension in health within the school environment is an effective practice to teach and to divulge good practices for health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contexts in which poverty compromises children's health and quality of life, the study of perceived health allows for the identification of aspects of quality of life affected by overweight and obesity. From this perspective, the objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren aged 8-12 years living in contexts of poverty, 2) to describe and compare the perception of health of children according to the presence or absence of overweight and obesity, and 3) to identify possible factors associated with low quality of life related to health. A quantitative and cross-sectional study was conducted. The KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire was applied and weight and height were assessed in 666 schoolchildren living in the department of Simoca (province of Tucumán), which has high percentages of structural poverty. The high prevalence of overweight (23.0%) and obesity (27.2%) affect the perception of health among children, especially in psychosocial dimensions such as moods and emotions, autonomy, social acceptance, and financial resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study consisted of a survey with the purpose of understanding the perception and knowledge of psychology professionals who work in school settings on matters of physical and mental health in schools. The study had a participation of 69 professionals in psychology, recruited by availability, via e-mails sent by professional psychology organizations. Its purpose is to explore the: 1) knowledge perceived by psychology professionals about the roles of school psychology, 2) knowledge of psychology professionals about the roles of school psychology in health related issues, 3) need for integration of health and school psychology services, 4) openness of psychologist in schools to collaborate with others on health issues, and 5) obtain suggestions on possible collaborations of school psychology in health related issues in schools. The information obtained will allow us to raise awareness about competencies of school psychologists to promote health in school settings and to offer guidelines to promote public policies in the training and practice of psychologists in schools that provide services to children and youth with health problems. We highlight the need to have psychologists in the schools and add roles related to integrated health models in their functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Enteroparasitosis has been causing serious problems of public health globally, especially in developing countries. Even with the general population reportedly having knowledge about intestinal parasites, studies indicate that they do not know how to identify the verminoses. Objective: To elaborate, implement, and evaluate an educational program on intestinal parasites in a public school in Ribeirão Preto - SP. Materials and Methods: Quase-experimental, non-randomized study conducted with 56 students from the first to the fourth grades of elementary education. In order to evaluate the students' knowledge before and after the educational intervention, a semi-structured questionnaire was applied (pre- and post-test). Results: Changes were evidenced in the students' responses to hygiene habits, especially in questions about how worms feed (p = 0.008); or what not to do to avoid contamination with worms (p = 0.05); what is the form of the worms when ingested (p = 0.001); which organs the worms enter (p = 0.001). Thus, it was evident that this type of educational activity was efficient to help in the learning by elementary school students. Discussion: After the educational activity, growth was noted in the correct answers for most of the questions, however, difficulties persisted in understanding about the symptoms, the cycle, and which organisms are worms. Conclusions: It is hoped that this work will encourage health and education professionals to include health educational practices in the school context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To present the process conducted and its application in order to identify and categorize the seated posture behavior of students in the classroom, using video capture and the development of a graphic matrix to register postures. Material and method: Students from second to eleven grade (between 7 and 16 years of age) male and female from a coeducational school in Bogotá, Colombia participated in the study. The seated postures of 20 students, distributed according to age, school grade, and school dynamics (individual / group), were recorded in ten videos. The postures observed were drawn, categorized and captured in a graphical matrix used as an instrument to identify them, and then, a database was consolidated. Results: A total of 138 posture variations were identified and classified into seven categories. The matrix was applied to compare the frequency of the postures adopted during the first and second half of the class in individual dynamics, the frequency of neck rotation between the two school dynamics, and the frequency of posture categories between class dynamics. Conclusions: The graphic matrix is a qualitative type screening tool which, with the elaboration of a database, makes it possible to calculate the frequencies of movement in the body parts (neck, extremities, and trunk) and percentages of time of permanence in the established categories or in certain posture variation, without the need for specialized equipment or software, or specialized technical staff for data collection and analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School failure still presents itself as a relevant problem in Brazil, making it important to investigate factors associated with it. This study aimed to evaluate social competence and emotional and behavioral problems among adolescents with and without history of school failure. It is a quantitative research, with a correlational and comparative design of cross section. The participants were 76 adolescents from two public schools of São Leopoldo/RS. 35 of them presented with failure history and 41 without this history. The instrument used was the Youth Self-Report (YSR) for ages 11-18, and also the record of the number of school failures, obtained from the secretaries of each school accessed. The results showed that both groups had similar levels of social competence and emotional and behavioral problems demonstrating that in this sample the school performance was not associated with the analyzed variables. These data suggest that school failure is constituted as a multidimensional phenomenon and the isolated assessment of individual variables may not be enough to understand it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypovitaminosis D is a frequent problem in the world and can be influenced by several factors.Objective: To estimate the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and associated factors in adolescent students of a capital city of northeastern Brazil.Methods: Cross-sectional epidemiological study assessing 220 school adolescents of both sexes aged 15 to 19 years. A questionnaire was applied to assess sociodemographic (skin color, mother's education and receiving social benefits) and behavioral data (number of hours of sleep per day, sun exposure, physical activity and dietary vitamin D intake). Anthropometric nutritional status was assessed by BMI (body mass index) for age. Serum 25 (OH) D concentrations, PTH and serum calcium were measured by blood samples. We identified individuals with hypovitaminosis D as those with 25 (OH) D < 30 ng/dL. The analysis of factors associated with hypovitaminosis D was performed by simple and multivariate Poisson Regression.Results: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 57.3%. The female population had a significantly higher prevalence than the male. In the final adjusted model, the variable independently associated with hypovitaminosis D in females was the lowest serum calcium concentrations, and for males it was BMI, in which adolescents who had overweight/obesity were 2.4 times more likely to have hypovitaminosis D than the eutrophic ones.Conclusions: The present study found a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in the analyzed population, especially in female adolescents. In addition, the factors independently associated with hypovitaminosis D were found to be overweight/obese in boys and low calcium concentrations in girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify and describe anti bullying interventions developed by nurses. Method: Integrative review conducted in six databases using descriptors related to the phenomenon and nursing. The guiding question was: "What are the anti bullying interventions developed in schools by nurses?" Results: Five papers composed the corpus of analysis. The results indicate a variety of types of interventions (dramatization/role-playing, support group, multidimensional and videos). Conclusions: This review presents knowledge that can support anti bullying practices and intervention programs to be developed by nurses or health teams in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was aimed to know how health education is developed in two public elementary schools in Pelotas/RS/Brazil. Also, it is a qualitative study, which was carried out with eight participants, from which two were education coordinators and six teachers. Data was collected in August 2014 through semistructured interviews and documental analysis of the political-pedagogical projects and the schools' plan of studies. These were analyzed according to Minayo's proposal. It was possible to find that teachers from different subjects have been developing punctual activities in health education. In addition, it is important to highlight the necessity to train these teachers about the theme and the importance of effective articulations among health services and educational institutions to strengthen the education activities on educational health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To describe the interests, preferred topics and learning in public health issues emerging from Chilean students with their participation in a science education experience. Materials and methods. A qualitative exploratory study was conducted in 29 school research groups through the project Salud Con-Ciencia en tu Barrio, based on a content analysis of texts and narratives of students. Results. Students prioritize the situation of abandoned animals, waste management, security and urban infrastructure, mainly. They view the role of social actors, the positive/negative impacts on the community, valuing the knowledge gained through observation neighborhoods and interaction with neighbors. Conclusions. Scientific inquiry school in the neighborhood context provides teaching strategies for the promotion of local health, develops basic notions of community health and motivation in students linked to the socio-environmental reality of their neighborhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: to describe the experience of intersectoral action in primary care with nursing students. Method: experience report, from the development of activities at school, with the participation of 153 students, in March 2016. Results: the students were stimulated to develop actions to control and prevent the dissemination of the Aedes Aegypti mosquito, by means of intersectoral thinking among institutions located in the same community, enlightened by the School Health Program. Final considerations: the development of conjoined strategies and alignments of actions in intersectoral organization promotes convergent interventions for community improvements. Accordingly, the intertwined work entails growth in health, society and politics, with preventive intent promotion of health in an inclusive way, discussed by several institutional actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The school has a strong commitment with the surrounding community as a space for the development of health promoting actions. However, for this space to be truly potentiating the quality of life, people should feel they are accepted and to participate in the process of building this healthy environment. So the aim of this study is to reflect upon the school as a health production space, and the importance of the health promoting school proposal. For this purpose we conducted a theoretical research on school environment, social inclusion and health promotion in school facilities. Results point to the necessity for school to contribute for the development of healthy life abilities, reflecting upon life styles and promoting a healthy atmosphere for learning, which is appropriate for the student. That includes appraising individualities and establishing an atmosphere that potentiates healthy relations, with communication quality and with reflection upon diversities. It is specially found that teacher´s critical, creative and reflexive attitude plays an important role for healthy promoting school establishment, developing a pleasant, joyful and solidary environment, and stimulating joint search for doubts and questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health education is considered a very important means to expand the knowledge and practices related to healthy behaviors of individuals. Thus, the study aims aracterizar scientific productions and describe the work of nurses in health education practices in school. It is an integrative literature in LILACS and BDEnf bases. Through the inclusion criteria was selected 20 articles who responded to the question: how the nurse acts in health education practices in the school context? The results emerged three categories for analysis: "Health education and the issue of public health at school", "Nursing and health education at school 'and' Actions taken in the school environment." From 2010 there was a significant increase in publications, predominantly studies with a qualitative approach. However, he realized the complexity involved in health education practices in the school environment and the existing weakness in scientific publications regarding the inclusion of nurses at school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To determine the proportion of primary school students who fulfill the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations on physical activity and the factors associated with less time of moderate-intense physical activity in urban areas of three cities in Peru. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional study with a random selection of schoolchildren aged 6 to 13 from public educational institutions in urban areas of Chiclayo, Huaraz and Tarapoto. In order to measure the time and intensity of physical activity, schoolchildren were given an accelerometer for a week. Furthermore, nutritional conditions were evaluated through the calculation of their body mass index. Results. A total of 1241 schoolchildren of both sexes aged between 6 and 13 years participated. 40% of schoolchildren in Chiclayo, 56% in Tarapoto and 66% in Huaraz fulfilled the WHO recommendations to perform at least 60 minutes of moderate-intense physical activity per day. The intensity of physical activity was significantly higher in younger schoolchildren and males. It was also found that the factors associated with fewer minutes of moderate-intense physical activity per day were schoolchildren of older age, females, with an obesity condition, whose mothers had higher educational level, and lived in Chiclayo or Tarapoto (p <0.05). Conclusions. Nearly 50% of schoolchildren meet the WHO recommendation on daily physical activity, the less active groups were older schoolchildren, obese and female; therefore, actions should be focused on them to promote adequate physical activity habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The school is an important stage in participatory construction health reality, encouraging reflection and development of educational health promotion practices. The objective is to know the approaches that have guided the education of health promotion practices at school. This is an integrative review, to search in the databases LILACS, SCIELO, MEDLINE and PubMed. Guiding question: "What educational aspects have guided research on health education practices in scientific schools published in journals in the health area in the period 2005-2014?" Were included articles published in Portuguese, English and Spanish; in full; which reflect the theme, published and indexed in databases surveyed from 2005 to 2014. We selected 15 articles and analyzed in two categories: The training of teachers and the impact on the practice of school health; and Educational aspects present in the practice of school health. The practice of school health, still needs improvement in the actions of educators in the school health program. One can understand the need for new interventions appropriate to the reality of the students, considering socioeconomic and cultural aspects, environmental influences, behavioral and personal characteristics that are aimed at improving the quality of life and health of the school population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To analyze the School Health Program (SHP) through the perceptions of managers and health professionals. Materials and methods. This was a descriptive, crosssectional, and qualitative study that conducted interviews with 21 individuals using the lexical analysis of Bardin's speech and processed the data through the Alceste software. Results. In the interviewees' perception, verification of blood pressure, visual acuity, weight, height, body mass index, oral health, preventive actions and educational lectures are recommended in the program's guidelines. The schools do not have available and adequate space for the staff to perform the work. The predominant exchange occurs between the health and education secretaries. The actions that provided opportunities to students were primarily promotion, prevention, and health education; funding is the responsibility of the Ministry of Health and Municipal Secretary of Health. Conclusions. The structures, exchanges, and available resources were insufficient for the development of the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To compare the prevalence of bullying victimization, suicidal ideation, suicidal attempts, and negative health behaviors (current tobacco use, recent heavy alcohol use, truancy, involvement in physical fighting, and unprotected sexual intercourse) in five different Latin American countries and determine the association of bullying victimization with these outcomes, exploring both bullying type and frequency. Methods. Study data were from Global School-based Student Health Surveys from Bolivia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Peru, and Uruguay, which covered nationally representative samples of school-going adolescents. The surveys used a two-stage clustered sample design, sampling schools and then classrooms. Logistic regression models were run to determine the statistical significance of associations with bullying. Results. Among the 14 560 school-going adolescents included in this study, the prevalence of any bullying victimization in the past 30 days was 37.8%. Bullying victimization was associated with greater odds of suicidal ideation with planning (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.12; P < 0.0001) and at least one suicide attempt (AOR: 3.07; P < 0.0001). An increasing exposure-response effect of increasing days of bullying victimization on suicide outcomes was also observed. Bullying victimization was associated with higher odds of current tobacco use (AOR: 2.14; P < 0.0001); truancy (AOR: 1.76; P < 0.0001); physical fighting (AOR: 2.40; P < 0.0001); and unprotected sexual intercourse (AOR: 1.77; P < 0.0001). Conclusions. Although the prevalence of bullying victimization varied by country, its association with suicidal ideation and behavior and negative health behaviors remained relatively consistent. Addressing bullying needs to be made a priority in Latin America, and an integrated approach that also includes mental and physical health promotion is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to evaluate the effect of an exercise program on postural alignment students from 8 to 11 years. Materials end methods: a total of eleven students of both sexes randomized, experimental group (GE, n = 6) with mean age 10.0 ± 1.22 years; and control group (CG, n = 5) 9.50 ± 0.54 years. The program was implemented in 36 sessions (duration: 45 minutes each session. Frequency: 3 days per week). Postural alignment was evaluated by photogrammetry and analyzed in the Kinovea 0.8.7 program. Results: the data showed an effectiveness of exercise program significantly reducing the misalignment regions chin and breastbone lowin the previous view, vertex and cervical 7 in the rear view. The GC did not show improvements. Conclusion: the exercise program lasting 12 weeks and linear periodization reduces existing postural misalignment and promotes body alignment in school from 8 to 12 years. The implications for clinical and educational level suggests it is recommended prescribing specific physical exercises for the correction of postural misalignments in this age group. Also, to encourage scientific level future work in this line and control of other environmental factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Food and Nutrition Education is a strategy to promote health and healthy eating habits. The school environment rises as a suitable place to develop these actions. Through Integrative Literature Review, we could identify the characteristics of scientific production on the Food and Nutrition Education at school from 2002 to 2013. The sample of this review consisted of 17 articles. It was observed that it has been giving more emphasis to this issue from 2009. Nine of the selected studies opted for intervention methodologies, and eight of them have proposed to consolidate the practice of educators, administrators and school cafeteria owners, the understanding of Food and Nutrition Education. The actions accomplished were characterized as slightly critical and participatory strategies based on the transmission of information. It concludes the need for approaches to treating eating disorders broadly at school, through problem-solving methodologies that go beyond the mere transmission of information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to know the meanings attributed by students to dialogue about medicinal plants in health care. It is a qualitative research with 65 students of two schools in the city of Pelotas/RS, from September 2011 to August 2012. The analyzed data was produced after 18 workshops from essays written by students and focus groups. The meetings allowed us to stimulate in the students values directed to the recognition of the family knowledge and the development of critical thinking about the safe use of medicinal plants, awakening them new visions of the world and providing a reflexion on the care practices. The use of Geertz and Freire referential in the workshops allowed dialogue with the culture of the students and discuss situations of life, becoming in perspective for educational practice nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chilean school children present a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors related with bad eating practices and sedentary habits, including overweight and obesity. Objective: to evaluate the impact on RCV of improving the quality of meals delivered by State programs for school children and optimizing their physical activity. Methods: an intervention study was realized in 269 children of both sexes attending third basic grade during 2013 in Quillota, Chile. The subjects were randomized into four groups: Control (C, no intervention); Intervention in diet with the addition of dehydrated vegetables into desserts and jellies given at lunch (D); Intervention in physical activity, improving quantity and quality (PA); Intervention in diet and PA (DPA). Anthropometry and biochemical serum markers were assayed before and after the intervention. Results: no evidence of change in nutritional status as an effect of the interventions was observed during the annual school period. The level of triglycerides and VLDL-cholesterol augmented in the group C but not in the intervened groups. Plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and glucose did not differ in children from groups D, PA and DPA versus Control. Conclusion: even though the intervention of diet and/or physical activity in children during a school year was probably too short to support changes in the nutritional status, a reduction in some CVR factors may already be observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Among the health outcomes measures are the questionnaires of perceived health aimed at children and young people that allow assessing perceptions from the same subjects and their parents, guardians or proxy. It is the case of the Health-related quality of life for instrument children and adolescents KIDSCREEN52 proxy version. Objective: To val idate, l inguist ical ly, the proxy KIDSCREEN-52 instrument in parents with school children and adolescents from Colombia. Methodology: The direct and inverse translation method was used which consisted of three stages: a) agreement with the research group and the original authors of the test b) direct translation with the participation of two people with a degree in languages, c) group interviews to 72 parents or guardians of school children and adolescents from 8 to 18 years of public and private educational institutions from two Colombian cities and, from the six socioeconomic strata. Outcomes: Syntactical changes were included in the introduction of the questionnaire, semantic changes in the demographic and anthropometric questions. Regarding the degree of difficulty in understanding the item valued by parents or guardians (being 1 without difficulty, and 5 with more difficulty in understanding), it was identified that, in general, the average valued with 1 of difficulty in understanding was 96.05%, no item was valued with the maximum degree of difficulty. The dimension that had the highest degree of difficulty, corresponded to the items of the financial resources scale, particularly in younger children; this aspect refers to parents that usually do not administer money, issues identified in the observations of peers or guardians during cognitive interviews. Conclusions: The combination of translation strategies and interviews allows proposing a version of parents suited to the Colombian context to be used in a study of metric validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this review was to analyze the scientific production about extra-curricular physical activity (PA) in western children of 6-12 years. Medline / Pub-Med, Scopus and Google Scholar were used. This search collects articles published between January 1990 and May 2013. A total of 104 publications were analyzed. The body composition parameters are best used to assess the results of the studies, followed by those which estimate the maximum aerobic capacity. Articles of intervention are presented with very heterogeneous methodological features but there are clear trends in the use of certain aspects. As for the reviews, most are systematic and include meta-analysis. In this studies, body mass index (BMI) is the most used parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to determine the results of an educational intervention aimed at teachers to strengthen the healthy habits and psychosocial life skills of children attending elementary schools in public institutions in the city of Bogotá. Methodology: a qualitative study with a descriptive approach whose data collection technique was the focus group. The study sought to use the help of the participants to further understand their experience, methodology, implementation and results of an educational process focusing on health promotion while emphasizing the psychosocial skills for life and healthy habits of school students. The approach proposed by Taylor and Bogdan was taken into account when analyzing the data. Moreover, the analysis was further supported with the ATLAS ti (v. 6.2) software.6.2). Results: participation of teachers in training processes had an impact on various scenarios of their lives. This is how experiences are identified in their personal, family and work life. This can be explained by the following factors: the training process is a novelty, there is a great deal of creativity applied to its teaching and its implementation in educational institutions involves a lot of solidarity. Conclusions: the individuals who took part in the research perceived the participation methodology used in the training process as innovative and important for their adherence to the program, surpassing their initial predisposition to participate. Furthermore, strengthening the creativity of educators contributes to the teaching practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To reflect on the importance of health education in health promotion. Method: Theoretical reflection based on literature review. Results: Children and adolescents need to be healthy to learn and have to be taught how to be healthy, thus health and education should work together in order to provide an adequate response to the populations' health and education needs. Given the daily problems that threaten our health and well-being, we should consider the importance of this collaboration. School health is a tool which encompasses not only the health and education system, but also others, such as security forces, civil society, community and family. Conclusions: This is one of the challenges that school and health organizations are facing today: to ensure a proficient relationship with the social context to which they belong, participating and improving school health programs that solve real community needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To determine the frequency of children of 6-7 years old who visited once a dentist. Materials and methods. Quasiexperimental study. A nonrandom sample of 140 schoolchildren of 6-7 years old of public and private educational institutions in Lima .A parent survey that include 15 structured items about visits to the dentist, oral hygiene habits and social or demographic characteristics was applied. Results. 25.7% of the schoolchildren had never visited the dentist at the age of 6-7 years old. The most frequent reason for consultation was routinely review (23.3%), followed by caries (22.0%), pain (11.9%), tooth eruption (10.7%). Only 5.0% of parents considered that the first visit to the dentist should be done at birth or in the first months of life and 17.1% answered that they should brush teeth when they erupted. 74.6% of them supervised brushing. 89.0% of children brushed their teeth more than once a day and their last visit had occurred about eleven months ago. The frequency of toothbrushing shows statistically significant association with the visit to the dentist. children who brush 3 times a day are 7 times more likely to visit the dentist than children who carry out less frequently (OR = 7.49 [95% CI: 2.058-27.265]). Conclusions. The level of concern about the importance of the first dental visit and toothbrushing is very low among parents. Implementing educational programs is required to improve the practices of oral health of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on public policies to promote adolescent health school, proposed and developed under the responsibility of managers in education and health in the city of Recife-PE. It is a qualitative research is an exploratory-descriptive. Participants were 26 subjects, among managers of health and education of Recife-PE. Data collection occurred from August to October 2011 and we used the technique of recording. Data analysis was based on the technique of the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD). The results presented are composed of two central ideas: Unveiling public policy in promoting adolescent health and education challenges and breakthroughs in the development and implementation of the School Health Program. And so we conclude that the study through their findings about the reality of public policies related to health care for adolescents, especially School Health Program, a basis for a critical reflection on the managerial limitations in the implementation and effectiveness of policies intersectoral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess calcium, protein and sodium intake, of children that attend public day-care centers and to compare it with the recommended one. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study in seven public day care centers of São Paulo city, Southeast Brazil, which enrolled 366 children between 12 and 36 months of age. The data collection occurred between September and December 2010. Each day care center was evaluated for three non-consecutive days, totaling 42 days and 210 meals. Dietary intake was assessed by a direct food weighing method. For the nutritional calculation, DietWin® Profissional 2.0 was used, and the adequacy was calculated according to the recommendations of the National School Feeding Program for energy, protein, calcium and sodium. The calcium/protein relation was also calculated, as well as calcium density (mg/1,000kcal). Results: The energy (406.4kcal), protein (18.2g) and calcium (207.6mg) consumption did not reach the recommended values in all the evaluated day care centers. Sodium intake exceeded up to three times the recommendation. The calcium/protein ratio of 11.7mg/g was less than the adequate one (20mg/g). Conclusions: There was inadequacy of calcium, protein and sodium dietary intake, in children attending public day-care centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To describe the process of capacity building of an elementary school in Mexico City to promote healthy diet, physical activity and obesity preventive measures, within the Health Promoting School (HPS) initiative, underpinned by a human functioning approach. Materials and methods. The project of HPS had a methodological design of participatory action research, which was adapted and integrated to a participatory method of planning-action-evaluation with a model of collaborative and group learning; thus narrative was defined as a strategy. Results. The participation of children in the process contributed to the development of a set of capabilities related to school performance, socialization, coexistence, diet, physical activity and others related to health in general. Conclusions. The HPS enhances the development of individual and collective capacities of school-aged children that allows them to achieve favorable performances for their health, including diet and physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The objective of the present study was to find out if there are differences in terms of sex, age, or country of origin for the components of health-related quality of life (HRQL) in samples of adolescents from three cities-in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, respectively-using data collected through an internationally recognized and validated survey questionnaire, KIDSCREEN-52. Methods. The KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire was administered to 1 357 adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age (48.6% of them male) in selected samples in the three countries. Univariate analysis of variation (ANCOVA) was used. Not only sex and age differences, but also differences for each component of HRQL, were found between the three country groups. Results. The data showed significant differences between the three countries for each of the specific components of HRQL. Males scored significantly higher than females in the following components: Physical Well-being (P < 0.001), Psychological Well-being (P = 0.019), Moods and Emotions (P < 0.001), Self-perception (P = 0.001), Autonomy (P < 0.001), and Parent Relations and Home Life (P = 0.008). Furthermore, the average scores for Physical Well-being (P = 0.001), Psychological Well-being (P = 0.001), Self-Perception (P = 0.038), Autonomy (P = 0.001), Parent Relations and Home Life (P = 0.001), School Environment (P = 0.001), and Financial Resources (P = 0.022) showed a significantly declining trend with each advancing year, while average scores for the component Social Acceptance (Bullying) increased significantly with age (P < 0.001). Conclusions. The evidence suggests that interventions in disease prevention and health promotion should be developed for specific target groups, using appropriate actions depending on the sex and age of the adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article refers to the critical analysis of experiments conducted by "Collective Physiotherapy: actions in Morro Nova Cintra-Santos-SP" extension project with children aged from 8 to 11 years old in a regional school. We have proposed an interdisciplinary project with Physiotherapy and Psychology students with the goal of signifying postures, feelings and body movements. We developed activities which allowed students to re-experience everyday situations with a closer look at their feelings and attitudes. This was made possible by taking into account the various factors that were associated with the composition of the subjects' experiences of their bodies including biological, emotional, cultural, social and environmental factors. The results show the importance of considering the inseparability between body and mind in educational projects, and the promotion of health with school children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To verify the prevalence of trunk postural deviations (lumbar hyperlordosis, dorsal kyphosis, and scoliosis) in scholars aged eight to 15 years-old from the city schools of Caxias do Sul, Southern Brazil. Method: A total of 864 students were evaluated in a crosssectional study. The variables studied were trunk postural rating by visual inspection; body mass index (weight and height); backpack weight on digital scale and how students used to carry the school supplies (questionnaire); gender; and age. Descriptive and bivariate statistics (prevalence ratio and confidence interval) were applied. Results: The prevalence of postural deviations was 16.6% for dorsal kyphosis, 27.9% for lumbar hyperlordosis, and 33.2% for scoliosis. The ages of eight to 12 years-old were a risk factor for lumbar hyperlordosis, tripling the chances of this outcome (3.41 prevalence ratio). The same age was a protective factor for dorsal kyphosis. Scholars of this age group presented 52% less chances for dorsal kyphosis. The female gender had 47% less chances of having dorsal kyphosis than males. Scoliotic attitude did not show significant association with the independent variables. Conclusions: These findings confirm the need for interventions by health and education professionals, seeking to correct bad postural habits, which could in the future cause irreversible damages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To assess the relation between the percentage of body fat, the Body Mass Index and the abdominal perimeter in a population of school students who live at a moderate altitude. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted, for which 394 boys and 405 girls between 6 and 11 years of age were selected using a probabilistic method. All the school students chosen were middle class children who lived in the urban area of Arequipa, Peru, located at a moderate altitude (2320m above sea level). The percentage of fat, the Body Mass Index and the abdominal perimeter were assessed. Results. There was a moderate correlation between the percentage of fat and the abdominal perimeter in boys (0.59) and girls (0.68). Lower figures were obtained between the percentage of fat and the Body Mass Index in boys (0.56) and girls (0.66). A connection among the categories of fat percentage (%F) and the abdominal perimeter (p<0.05) was observed; yet, there was no connection between the %F and the Body Mass Index (p>0.05). Conclusions. The abdominal perimeter has a moderate correlation with the percentage of body fat and can be used as an indicator of adiposity in the mid-section of the body of children who live in Arequipa (Peru) at a moderate altitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Environmental School Program (PEA, for its Spanish acronym), a dengue control initiative focused on primary schools that took place during 2005-2010 in several cities in Honduras, is described. The environmental health program was designed to increase knowledge and develop skills in the identification and control of Aedes aegypti breeding sites, as well as in water and solid waste management. The results, as measured by behavioral change and reduced larval indices, were satisfactory in the majority of the participating schools. The initiative involved not only children, but also their parents and teachers. In addition to reducing larval indices, PEA was successful in promoting community participation in environmental issues, particularly Aedes control. The inclusion of this educational content in the primary school curriculum in Honduras remains pending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Prepare a conceptual model that facilitates understanding of the relationships between the variables that lead children to adopt postures in school transportation vehicles that increase injuries in traffic accidents. Methods. For identification of the variables, direct information on school transportation was collected through focus groups, with bus aides and bus drivers, on-board filming during the transport of children, and recording of the dimensions of components in different types of school buses. The information collected was analyzed using the Atlas.ti v6 software and the construction of a model through deduction. Results. Important relationships were found between adoption of potentially hazardous postures by children during transport to and from school and the seat and seat belt dimensions, the characteristics of the transportation service, and the role of bus aides. Conclusions. In order to adopt coherent interventions in school transportation safety, it is necessary to consider not only the technical aspects of the vehicle or posture that are controlled in crash tests but the specific variables of the activities that lead children to adopt postures that put them at greater risk of injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]