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Objective: To evaluate a prior application of an experimental desensitizer containing a hydroxyapatite-capsaicin composite (HAp-CAP) in different concentrations on hydrogen peroxide (HP) diffusion into the pulp chamber, bleaching efficacy (BE) and on physical and chemical alterations of the enamel surface after in-office bleaching. Materials and methods: Forty sound premolars were randomized in five groups according to each experimental condition (n = 8): no bleaching (negative control), only bleaching (positive control), 0.1%, 1% and 5% of HAp-CAP. Four groups were submitted to in-office bleaching (HP 35%) post-desensitizer application. The HP concentration (µg/mL) on the pulp chamber was measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The BE was measured by digital spectrophotometer (ΔEab, ΔE00 and ΔWID) before and after 7 days bleaching. Enamel tooth fragments obtained from twenty molars were submitted to the same experimental conditions and analyzed using FE-SEM and EDS, Vickers microhardness (VHN), Raman spectroscopy, and nanoroughness (Ra) by AFM to evaluate morphologic and chemical changes on enamel surface. All data were submitted to statistical analysis (α = 0.05). Results: The groups treated with HAp-CAP exhibited a lower concentration of HP in the pulp chamber compared to only bleaching group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences observed in BE between HAp-CAP groups and only bleaching group (p > 0.05). Only HAp-CAP 5% showed no significant differences in VHN values when compared to no bleaching group (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences among any group in Ra values (p > 0.05). The groups submitted to HAp-CAP showed a higher mineral concentration when compared to only bleaching group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Desensitizers containing HAp-CAP up to 5% effectively reduce HP diffusion into the pulp chamber after in-office bleaching, without interfering to BE and Ra, as well as prevent enamel demineralization. Clinical relevance: The use of desensitizers containing HAp-CAP during in-office bleaching treatments offers a promising approach to reduce the risk of pulp irritation caused by hydrogen peroxide diffusion, without compromising the bleaching effectiveness or causing surface roughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the clinical performance of two flowable composites based on methacrylate and one based on ormocer in treating non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) after 48-month evaluation in a split-mouth double-blind clinical study design. A total of 183 restorations were performed on NCCLs using a universal adhesive system (Futurabond U, Voco GmbH) with selective enamel etching on 27 participants: two participants received twelve restorations each, three received nine restorations each, and 22 participants received six restorations each. Three different flowable composites were employed (n = 61): a low-viscosity methacrylate-based composite (GrandioSO Flow, LVM), a high-viscosity methacrylate-based composite (GrandioSO Heavy Flow, HVM), and an ormocer-based flowable composite (Admira Fusion Flow, ORM). All restorations were evaluated using FDI and USPHS criteria after 48 months. Statistical analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier Survival analysis and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance rank (α = 0.05). After 48 months, 17 restorations were lost: LVM 6, HVM 9, ORM 2. The retention rates (95 % confidence interval) were 89.4 % for LVM, 80.4 % for HVM, and 95.6 % for ORM, with a significant difference between HVM vs. LVM and HVM vs. ORM (p < 0.05). Minor defects were observed in 30 restorations for marginal staining criteria (LVM 12, HVM 10, ORM 8) and in 71 restorations for marginal adaptation criteria (LVM 24, HVM 20, ORM 27) without significant difference between groups (p > 0.05). No restorations showed postoperative sensitivity or recurrence of caries. The increased viscosity of flowable composites could reduce the clinical longevity in NCCLs after 48 months. Ormocer-based and low-viscosity methacrylate-based flowable composites showed a successful clinical performance in NCCLs after 48 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and objective: The prevalence of carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) metastatic to cervical lymph nodes has increased in the last decade because of the risen incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma related to human papillomavirus (HPV) (OPSCC). Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has been included as a therapeutic and diagnostic tool in head and neck surgery and in CUP specifically. The aim of our study is to analyze the results and profitability of TORS in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of CUP in head and neck carcinomas. Method: A retrospective study has been conducted in a tertiary hospital in the North of Spain. Patients diagnosed with CUP who underwent robot assisted lingual tonsillectomy as a diagnostic procedure of the primary tumor were included. Clinicopathological variables were analyzed, such as the presence of HPV. Results: Nine patients were included in our study. The average age at diagnosis was 60 years old. The study of cervical adenopathy showed positivity to p16 in 44 % of the cases. The primary tumor was found at the base of tongue in two of those cases, both HPV DNA positive. Complication rate of TORS BOT was low, mainly I-II sequelae according to Clavien-Dindo classification. Discussion and conclusions: Robot assisted lingual tonsillectomy is a key tool in identifying the primary tumor in CUP, especially if HPV related. TORS helps an accurate staging of the oncological process and allows a less aggressive complementary treatment with fewer sequelae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Typical bone proteins, such as sclerostin and periostin, have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Simultaneously, several risk scores have been developed to predict CVD in the general population. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association of these bone proteins related to CVD, with the main vascular risk scales: Framingham Risk Score (FRS), REGICOR and SCORE2-Diabetes, in patients with type 2 diabetes. We focus in particular on the SCORE2-Diabetes algorithm, which predicts 10-year CVD risk and is specific to the study population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 104 patients with type 2 diabetes (62 ± 6 years, 60% males). Clinical data, biochemical measurements, and serum bioactive sclerostin and periostin levels were collected, and different risk scales were calculated. The association between bioactive sclerostin or periostin with the risk scales was analyzed. Results: A positive correlation was observed between circulating levels of bioactive sclerostin (p < 0.001) and periostin (p < 0.001) with SCORE2-Diabetes values. However, no correlation was found with FRS or REGICOR scales. Both serum bioactive sclerostin and periostin levels were significantly elevated in patients at high-very high risk of CVD (score ≥ 10%) than in the low-moderate risk group (score < 10%) (p < 0.001 for both). Moreover, analyzing these proteins to identify patients with type 2 diabetes at high-very high vascular risk using ROC curves, we observed significant AUC values for bioactive sclerostin (AUC = 0.696; p = 0.001), periostin (AUC = 0.749; p < 0.001), and the model combining both (AUC = 0.795; p < 0.001). For diagnosing high-very high vascular risk, serum bioactive sclerostin levels > 131 pmol/L showed 51.6% sensitivity and 78.6% specificity. Similarly, serum periostin levels > 1144 pmol/L had 64.5% sensitivity and 76.2% specificity. Conclusions: Sclerostin and periostin are associated with vascular risk in the SCORE2-Diabetes algorithm, opening a new line of investigation to identify novel biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in the type 2 diabetes population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The postgraduate academic scenario exhibits a growing problem due to the increase of students who do not complete their theses because of the obstacles they face from the generation of the research project; the aim of the study was oriented to design and apply a personalised consultancy to overcome the difficulties experienced by postgraduate graduates in the elaboration of the thesis project. The approach of the mixed and sequential study presents two stages: in the first qualitative stage, forty graduates from doctoral, master's and second speciality programmes (2006 to 2021) without a thesis project answered a valid and reliable questionnaire, which allowed us to identify the obstacles they faced, and in the second qualitative stage, we generated the idea of personalised advice conceived through design thinking in five volunteers from different second speciality programmes. The results in the first instance report difficulties in the different stages of scientific research, personal and consultancy problems, as well as the expectations of progressive supervision, support in writing and constant communication; the satisfaction of these needs was possible through the design and implementation of comprehensive and personalised consultancy for the volunteer graduates, who managed to complete their approved research projects. The importance of mentoring with an emphasis on permanent supervision and follow-up for the achievement of satisfactory results at postgraduate level is valued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During their development, some species of salmonids may occasionally experience skeletal deformations. Several methodologies are currently being used for the diagnosis of such malformations, among which X-rays, histological techniques, diaphanization coupled either with Alizarin Red or Alcian Blue stains, as well as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) can be mentioned. Each one of those methods presents inherent advantages and disadvantages. The purpose of this study was twofold: Firstly, to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT) technology for anatomical analysis, three-dimensionally reconstructing the obtained images; and secondly, to contrast those images with the results obtained through the diaphanization technique. The caudal fins of five specimens of the Oncorhynchus kisutch salmon were analyzed: Two specimens were subjected to diaphanization and three were processed for Micro-CT analysis, using the BRUKER SkyScan 1272 equipment. The Micro-CT technology demonstrated superiority in the resolution of bone structures, facilitating a detailed exploration of morphological variations, as well as the distribution of mineral density. This experimental approach allowed us to identify anomalies in the morphology and growth of the last vertebrae and dorsal lepidotrichiae, as well as an increased mineral density in the malformed dorsal lepidotrichiae. The higher resolution provided by Micro-CT not only enhances our understanding of the fish ontogeny and its adaptation to diverse environments, but also opens innovative perspectives for the study of the evolution of locomotor strategies and adaptive responses to environmental changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thallium (Tl) and its two cationic species, Tl(I) and Tl(III), are toxic for most living beings. In this work, we investigated the effects of Tl (10–100 µM) on the viability and proliferation capacity of the adherent variant of PC12 cells (PC12 Adh cells). While both Tl(I) and Tl(III) halted cell proliferation from 24 h of incubation, their viability was ~ 90% even after 72 h of treatment. At 24 h, increased levels of γH2AX indicated the presence of DNA double-strand breaks. Simultaneously, increased expression of p53 and its phosphorylation at Ser15 were observed, which were associated with decreased levels of p-AKTSer473 and p-mTORSer2448. At 72 h, the presence of large cytoplasmic vacuoles together with increased autophagy predictor values suggested that Tl may induce autophagy in these cells. This hypothesis was corroborated by images obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and from the decreased expression at 72 h of incubation of SQSTM-1 and increased LC3β-II to LC3β-I ratio. TEM images also showed enlarged ER that, together with the increased expression of IRE1-α from 48 h of incubation, indicated that Tl-induced ER stress preceded autophagy. The inhibition of autophagy flux with chloroquine increased cell mortality, suggesting that autophagy played a cytoprotective role in Tl toxicity in these cells. Together, results indicate that Tl(I) or Tl(III) are genotoxic to PC12 Adh cells which respond to the cations inducing ER stress and cytoprotective autophagy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present notable distributional updates for 14 species from western Ecuador (seven amphibians and seven reptiles). Our findings include the northernmost confirmed sighting of Pristimantis kuri and the southernmost documented record of Imantodes inornatus and Lepidoblepharis buchwaldi. Additionally, we document new records and notes on the distribution range of Agalychnis spurrelli, Hyloscirtus alytolylax, Engystomops montubio, Pristimantis muricatus, Pristimantis nyctophylax, Pristimantis walkeri, Chironius flavopictus, Chironius grandisquamis, Dendrophidion graciliverpa, Ninia schmidti, and Urotheca fulviceps. These observations significantly contribute to filling information gaps in our understanding of these species' distributions. The data, derived from samples collected across diverse forested areas in the western region of Ecuador (provinces of Bolívar, Cañar, Guayas, El Oro, and Los Ríos), provide valuable insights into the ecology and conservation of these species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present notable distributional updates for 14 species from western Ecuador (seven amphibians and seven reptiles). Our findings include the northernmost confirmed sighting of Pristimantis kuri and the southernmost documented record of Imantodes inornatus and Lepidoblepharis buchwaldi. Additionally, we document new records and notes on the distribution range of Agalychnis spurrelli, Hyloscirtus alytolylax, Engystomops montubio, Pristimantis muricatus, Pristimantis nyctophylax, Pristimantis walkeri, Chironius flavopictus, Chironius grandisquamis, Dendrophidion graciliverpa, Ninia schmidti, and Urotheca fulviceps. These observations significantly contribute to filling information gaps in our understanding of these species' distributions. The data, derived from samples collected across diverse forested areas in the western region of Ecuador (provinces of Bolívar, Cañar, Guayas, El Oro, and Los Ríos), provide valuable insights into the ecology and conservation of these species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to analyze the process of strengthening multiplication skills in fifthyear students of the “José de la Cuadra” school in the city of Guayaquil, considering that, in the current complex context of education, strengthening these skills is conclusive. A mixed methodology was used, combining theoretical methods to understand mathematical skills and empirical methods to obtain direct information about the learning of multiplication in these students. In turn, the pedagogical approach was based on problem-based learning (ABP), complemented with other active methodologies that promote participation and critical thinking. It is worth mentioning that this strategy not only seeks to improve mathematical understanding but also develop skills. problem solving in real contexts. In addition, the proposal was validated by education specialists, who supported the relevance and effectiveness of the proposed pedagogical approach to strengthen multiplication skills. Finally, the results demonstrated a significant improvement in teaching and learning multiplication, thanks to the implementation of active and participatory methods. The application of ABP proved to be especially effective, highlighting the importance of innovative approaches in mathematics teaching. This study highlights the relevance of adapting pedagogy to contemporary needs, thereby ensuring a robust and meaningful mathematics education for students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the impact of gamification in the Gloria Gorelik Educational Unit (UE), of Basic General Education in Ecuador. Participants were 30 third-year students who used tablets and digital learning lessons to learn mathematics through gamified activities. The study included gamified conditions with competitive, adaptive and collaborative activities, which were integrated into the EU curricular plans under study. The results indicate that this strategy contributed to improving student performance. Four different types of gamified learning activities were implemented: competitive, collaborative, adaptive, and problem-based. It was observed that students showed preferences for different types of gamification, which highlights the importance of adapting strategies to individual needs. The results mainly showed the superiority of the competitive gamification activity, compared to other activities. The lowest results were obtained for problem-based learning. Likewise, it was concluded that gamification alone does not guarantee an increase in academic performance, but rather the key to success lies in the careful combination of game elements to achieve an effective balance in the educational process. contributed to improving student performance. Four different types of gamified learning activities were implemented: competitive, collaborative, adaptive, and problem-based. It was observed that students showed preferences for different types of gamification, which highlights the importance of adapting strategies to individual needs. The results mainly showed the superiority of the competitive gamification activity, compared to other activities. The lowest results were obtained for problem-based learning. Likewise, it was concluded that gamification alone does not guarantee an increase in academic performance, but rather the key to success lies in the careful combination of game elements to achieve an effective balance in the educational process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's digitized world, digital competences are required to facilitate the transition to the Internet. For professorship, these competences go beyond knowledge of a particular subject. They focus on the skills needed to transmit that knowledge to students. A quantitative approach study was applied. The design was non-experimental and descriptive. The population and sample correspond to the 70 teachers who worked in the Faculty of Humanistic and Social Sciences during the first semester of 2023. The instrument for data collection was a teaching self-assessment. The competencies in digital citizenship showed the highest levels of teacher mastery with a value of 5. The competencies in pedagogy and professional development showed a value of 4. 93% of UTM-CHS teachers stated they had participated in training activities on the use of ICT in education. In conclusion, university faculty in Ecuador must have a stronger digital academic background; they must establish better pedagogical and professional development skills, research capacity, knowledge of educational technologies, intercultural skills and leadership skills. To ensure a high-quality learning environment all three areas must be at the same level of outcomes. For that, university professional development leads to establishing good pedagogy. Then pedagogy is strengthened through digital citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports some findings that were identified in the first phase of a qualitative investigation, in which women who work as professors of the degrees in architecture and urbanism of the Faculty of Architecture of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (FA-UNAM) were interviewed. The research aims to identify practices in the teaching of architectural-urban disciplines that could strengthen gender stereotypes and make violence against women -teachers and/or students-invisible. Through the "feminist interview", it seeks to know the specificity of the experiences of women as teachers in an academic and disciplinary space that still exhibits a strong patriarchal structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Presently, there exists a growing interest in mitigating the utilization of antibiotics in response to the challenges emanating from their usage in livestock. A viable alternative strategy encompasses the introduction of live microorganisms recognized as probiotics, exerting advantageous impacts on the immune system and nutritional aspects of the host animals. Native lactic acid bacteria, inherently possessing specific properties and adaptive capabilities tailored to each animal, are deemed optimal contenders for probiotic advancement. Aim: In the current investigation, microorganisms exhibiting probiotic potential were isolated, characterized, and identified from the fecal samples of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) belonging to the Peruvian breed. Methods: The lactic acid bacteria isolated on Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe agar underwent Gram staining, catalase testing, proteolytic, amylolytic, and cellulolytic activity assays, low pH tolerance assessment, hemolytic evaluation, antagonism against Salmonella sp., determination of autoaggregation and coaggregation capacity, and genotypic characterization through sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Results: A total of 33 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the feces of 30 guinea pigs, also 10 isolates were selected based on Gram staining and catalase testing. All strains exhibited proteolytic activity, while only one demonstrated amylolytic capability, and none displayed cellulase activity. These bacteria showed higher tolerance to pH 5.0 and, to a lesser extent, to pH 4.0. Furthermore, they exhibited antagonistic activity against Salmonella sp. Only two bacteria demonstrated hemolytic activity, and were subsequently excluded from further evaluations. Subsequent assessments revealed autoaggregation capacities ranging from 4.55% to 23.19%, with a lesser degree of coaggregation with Salmonella sp. ranging from 3.53% to 8.94% for the remaining eight bacterial isolates. Based on these comprehensive tests, five bacteria with notable probiotic potential were identified by molecular assays as Leuconostoc citreum, Enterococcus gallinarum, Exiguobacterium sp., and Lactococcus lactis. Conclusion: The identified bacteria stand out as promising probiotic candidates, deserving further assessment in Peruvian breed guinea pigs. This exploration aims to enhance production outcomes while mitigating the adverse effects induced by pathogenic microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Veterinary medicine has seen significant advancements in locoregional anaesthesia and pain management, including the emergence of the erector spinae plane (ESP) block. However, limited clinical evidence exists on its efficacy and safety. Objectives: This study compares ultrasound-guided ESP block (ESP group) with an intraoperative intravenous ketamine infusion analgesic protocol (CRI group) in dogs undergoing thoracolumbar mini-hemilaminectomy, focusing on intraoperative opioid consumption, cardiovascular response to surgical stimulation (CR), postoperative pain scores (PS), and postoperative opioid consumption. Methods: Retrospective, case-control, non-inferiority study conducted in a single centre. Data collected included demographics, bupivacaine dose, ESP block operator, intraoperative recorded variables (haemodynamic variables, CR, complications, rescue analgesia), pre- and postoperative analgesia, 24-hour PS and opioid administration, first food intake post-extubation and postoperative complications. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were applied. Results: One-hundred dogs were included, 75 in the ESP group and 25 in the CRI group. Univariate analysis revealed no significant differences between treatment groups in terms of CR, PS, postoperative rescue analgesia, intraoperative and postoperative opioid consumption, or time to first meal intake. However, the multivariate regression analysis indicated that dogs receiving ketamine infusion had higher CR suspected to be nociception-related (p = 0.036), and higher postoperative opioid consumption (p = 0.013). Conclusion: Our study suggests that ultrasound-guided ESP block is as effective as intraoperative ketamine infusion providing perioperative analgesia in dogs undergoing thoracolumbar mini-hemilaminectomy for intervertebral disc disease. ESP group showed significantly lower CR suspected to be nociception-related intraoperatively and lower postoperative opioid consumption within the initial 24 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

End-users, who act as the origin of all procurement requests, are responsible for providing technical specifications, scope of work, and terms of reference, conducting a market survey, recommending the Approved Budget for the Contract (ABC), providing technical advice, assisting in the preparation of bidding documents, and attending all stages of the procurement. This study aims to evaluate two essential aspects related to the execution of procurement activities: the level of knowledge and understanding among end-users and the difficulties they encounter while conducting procurement activities. This research used a mixed-methods approach, involving surveys and interviews, to collect data about the awareness levels and difficulties encountered by the participants regarding RA 9184 procurement procedures. In research, "mixed method" refers to a methodology that combines qualitative and quantitative techniques in a single study to gain a more comprehensive understanding of a research issue by harnessing the advantages of both data types. The survey assessed respondents' knowledge of various procurement processes, revealing that they generally have good awareness. Procurement planning was well understood, while document preparation and electronic procurement had slightly lower but still decent awareness levels. Statistical analysis, including Pearson correlation and p-values, showed that awareness was significantly related to years of service in certain procurement aspects but not in post-qualification and awards. Respondents reported occasional difficulties, with the majority having no major issues. However, challenges in areas like canvassing, market study, and document preparation were identified, indicating the need for adjustments or assistance. Other difficulties included a lack of training, technical specification preparation, supplier availability, and failed bidding. In conclusion, policymakers should implement clear procurement request guidelines following RA 9184. These guidelines should specify procedures and required documents, reducing delays and inefficiencies and saving time and resources. Additionally, issuing agency memoranda designating specific End-Users fosters coordination. It serves as a direct point of contact with the BAC Secretariat, ensuring informed Project Management Officers (PMOs) have access to guidance and support. The establishment of a dedicated committee for updating End-Users on specifications and providing annual GPPB-recognized training, which ensures alignment with changing requirements, market conditions, and legal compliance, enhancing procurement efficiency and expertise, should also be imposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sclerostin is an inhibitor of the Wnt/b-catenin pathway, which regulates bone formation, and can be expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and increased serum and tissue expression of sclerostin. However, whether the role of sclerostin is detrimental or protective in the development of CVD is unknown. Therefore, our aims are to determine the level of sclerostin in T2D patients with/without CVD and in controls, both at serum and vascular tissue, and to analyze the role of sclerostin in VSMCs under calcified environments. Methods: Cross-sectional study including 121 controls and 139 T2D patients with/without CVD (48/91). Sclerostin levels in serum were determined by ELISA, and sclerostin expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry in calcified and non-calcified artery of lower limb from T2D patients (n = 7) and controls (n = 3). In vitro experiments were performed in VSMCs (mock and sclerostin overexpression) under calcifying conditions analyzing the sclerostin function by determination of calcium and phosphate concentrations, and quantification of calcium deposits by Alizarin Red. Proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The regulation of the expression of genes involved in bone metabolism was determined by RT-qPCR. Results: A significant increase in serum sclerostin levels in T2D patients with CVD compared to T2D patients without CVD and controls (p < 0.001) was observed. Moreover, higher circulating sclerostin levels were independently associated with CVD in T2D patients. Increased sclerostin expression was observed in calcified arteries of T2D patients compared to non-calcified arteries of controls (p = 0.003). In vitro experiments using VSMCs under calcified conditions, revealed that sclerostin overexpression reduced intracellular calcium (p = 0.001), calcium deposits (p < 0.001), cell proliferation (p < 0.001) and promoted cell survival (p = 0.015). Furthermore, sclerostin overexpression exhibited up-regulation of ALPL (p = 0.009), RUNX2 (p = 0.001) and COX2 (p = 0.003) and down-regulation of inflammatory genes, such as, IL1β (p = 0.005), IL6 (p = 0.001) and IL8 (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Sclerostin could play a protective role in the development of atherosclerosis in T2D patients by reducing calcium deposits, decreasing proliferation and inflammation, and promoting cell survival in VSMCs under calcifying conditions. Therefore, considering the bone-vascular axis, treatment with anti-sclerostin for bone disease should be used with caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoglycin, a fundamental proteoglycan within the vascular extracellular matrix, is expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) but the role of osteoglycin in the development of CVD is controversial to date. Therefore, our aims are to determine and compare the level of osteoglycin in T2D patients with/ without CVD versus control subjects both at serum and vascular tissue and to analyze in vitro role of osteoglycin in VSMCs under calcified conditions. For this, serum osteoglycin levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 117 controls and 129 patients with T2D (46 with CVD and 83 without CVD), revealing a significant increase in patients with T2D compared with controls. Osteoglycin level was not an estimator of CVD but correlated with markers of insulin resistance (triglycerides and triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol index) in patients with T2D. At the vascular level, osteoglycin expression was assessed by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry, and no significant differences were observed between calcified arteries from patients with T2D and noncalcified arteries from controls. In vitro experiments using VSMCs (mock and overexpressing osteoglycin) under calcifying conditions were performed to analyze the osteoglycin function. The overexpression of osteoglycin in VMSCs under calcifying conditions revealed an increase of cell proliferation without effect on apoptosis and an upregulation of the expression of autotaxin (ATX) involved in inflammatory processes. In conclusion, osteoglycin could play a role in glycemic homeostasis, being a potential biomarker of insulin resistance in patients with T2D. Furthermore, osteoglycin could indirectly participate in the development of atherosclerosis through its regulatory effect on ATX and by proliferating VSMCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Luma chequen belongs to Myrtaceae family and it is known as "arrayan". In the traditional medicine from Peru, L chequen is used as aromatic plant, anti-inflammatory and hypocholesterolemic. Objective: To determine the phytochemical profile, evaluate the antioxidant and the antibacterial activity of L. chequen essential oil. Material and Methods: In the analysis of the volatile components a Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the content of terpenes and sesquiterpenes. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was the method used to determine the antioxidant activity and obtain the half inhibitory concentration (IC50). For the antibacterial activity, a colorimetric macrodilution method was carried out to evaluate the effect of the essential oil of L. chequen against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Results: The analysis by GC-MS showed two major components alpha-pinene (62.89%) followed by 1,8-cineole (11.94%), and propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-methylpropyl ester with 8.67%. In the antioxidant activity against DPPH radical, the essential oil of L. chequen showed an IC50 equivalent to124.60 ± 2.0 µg/mL. In the antibacterial activity, L. chequen had an MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 of 4.35 ± 0 µg/mL and 8.71 ± 0 µg/mL respectively. Conclusion: L. chequen presented monoterpene compounds as main phytoconstituents as well as antioxidant and antibacterial activity in vitro. The essential oil might be used as antimicrobial agent in the future overall against S. aureus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescence is the transition phase to adulthood when physical, mental, and behavioral changes occur. The study evaluated the fertility rate of women aged 15 to 19 years living in the health macroregions of the state of Pará and their sociodemographic parameters, pregnancy and childbirth, from 2010 to 2020. The study is descriptive and analytical and uses data from SINASC/DATASUS. In 2014, the highest fertility rate (106.5%) was in Health Macroregion III. Single mothers or mothers in consensual unions, brown color/race, and between 8 and 11 years of study were the predominant ones. They had four to six prenatal care appointments between 37 and 41 weeks. Early pregnancy in adolescents exposes them to social and health risks such as school dropout, lack of support network in baby care, disadvantage in the labor market, and mental health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Histamine is an endogenous ligand which exerts its biological actions by binding to 4 subtypes of histamine receptors (HR). Its effects on the gastrointestinal tract are complex being the dominant effect contraction of muscle cells. Method: The aim of this study was to verify the antagonistic effect of mepyramine (10-10M - 10-7M) and tubocurarine (10-7M - 10-4M) in the contractile action of histamine (10-11M - 10-4M). in guinea pig ileum, for this purpose it was used the program Virtual Organ Bath 16 V 2.8, which allow quantify the change in strength(g) produced by smooth muscle contraction in the presence of these substances. Concentration-response curves were obtained through GraphPad Prismm® graphic program. The determination of the competitive nature of the antagonist and the calculation of the affinity constant was performed through Schild method. Results: Mepyramine is a competitive antagonist of histamine (10-10M to 10-7M), making it a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. On the other hand, it is not understood that tubocurarine is an antagonist of histamine receptors. Conclusions: The results obtained provide evidence that the contractile effect of histamine on the smooth muscle of intestinal cells isolated from guinea pig is competitively antagonized by mepyramine. In addition, by calculating the pKB parameter, it was found that this compound has greater potency than other antihistamines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orbitofrontal syndrome is characterized by disinhibition, impulsiveness, transgression of social norms and sometimes the development of criminal behavior. This is the case of an 18-year-old male offender incarcerated for kidnapping, rape and homicide of a minor. He was evaluated through interviews and the use of the Eysenck personality questionnaire (Form B), Raven's progressive matrices (RPM), Rey--Osterrieth complex figure (Form A), Differences perception test (FACES-R), Stroop color and word test (SCWT), Mini-Mental state examination (MMSE) and Aggression questionnaire (AGQ). The research subject showed age-appropriate speech, language and vocabulary, and had neither physical problems nor attention, language, writing, reading, praxis, calculation, perception and memory disorders. The results highlight a higher-than-average intelligence quotient, optimal cognitive skills, melancholic temperament with depressive thoughts, introverted personality with low environmental sensitivity, poor social skills, self-absorption and avoidance. Additionally, perfectionist tendencies, sudden emotional changes, difficulty changing behavioral patterns, impulsiveness and disinhibition, all of which are characteristics of orbitofrontal syndrome. Finally, the research highlights the use of psychometric tests and neuropsychological evaluations for the diagnosis of orbitofrontal syndrome. Said tests and evaluations are necessary for the proper management of offenders incarcerated in prisons and/or detention centers who do not have access to neuroimaging; moreover, they may be used to design strategic intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral transmembrane proteins well known as channels involved in the mobilization of water, small uncharged molecules and gases. In this work, the main objective was to carry out a comprehensive study of AQP encoding genes in Prunus avium (cv. Mazzard F12/1) on a genome-wide scale and describe their transcriptional behaviors in organs and in response to different abiotic stresses. A total of 28 non-redundant AQP genes were identified in Prunus spp. Genomes, which were phylogenetically grouped into five subfamilies (seven PIPs, eight NIPs, eight TIPs, three SIPs and two XIPs). Bioinformatic analyses revealed a high synteny and remarkable conservation of structural features among orthologs of different Prunus genomes. Several cis-acting regulatory elements (CREs) related to stress regulation were detected (ARE, WRE3, WUN, STRE, LTR, MBS, DRE, AT-rich and TC-rich). The above could be accounting for the expression variations associated with plant organs and, especially, each abiotic stress analyzed. Gene expressions of different PruavAQPs were shown to be preferentially associated with different stresses. PruavXIP2;1 and PruavXIP1;1 were up-regulated in roots at 6 h and 72 h of hypoxia, and in PruavXIP2;1 a slight induction of expression was also detected in leaves. Drought treatment strongly down-regulated PruavTIP4;1 but only in roots. Salt stress exhibited little or no variation in roots, except for PruavNIP4;1 and PruavNIP7;1, which showed remarkable gene repression and induction, respectively. Interestingly, PruavNIP4;1, the AQP most expressed in cherry roots subjected to cold temperatures, also showed this pattern in roots under high salinity. Similarly, PruavNIP4;2 consistently was up-regulated at 72 h of heat and drought treatments. From our evidence is possible to propose candidate genes for the development of molecular markers for selection processes in breeding programs for rootstocks and/or varieties of cherry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Habitat discontinuity of aquatic environments is a serious problem that might hamper the different activities performed by organisms. When combined with contamination, the consequences for the population's dynamics might be exacerbated, particularly regarding foraging activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of habitat discontinuity and contamination on the foraging behavior by zebrafish (Danio rerio) and on their ability to explore heterogeneous landscapes. The organisms were exposed to three different scenarios of contamination (0, 0.5 and 25 μg L−1 of Cu) and habitat discontinuity (zero, low and high), using the Heterogeneous Multi-Habitat Assay System (HeMHAS). Generalized Bayesian linear models were used to analyze the data and evidence ratios (ER) were used to test the hypotheses. As results, both high levels of contamination and habitat discontinuity had significant effects on the probability of organisms to reach food (ER = 111.8 and > 1,000, respectively), the time taken to reach food (ER = 532.22 and > 1000, respectively) and the time spent in each compartment (ER = 614.4 and > 1000 for contamination and the number of connections available, respectively). As conclusion, the habitat fragmentation as a consequence of contamination and discontinuity affected the probability of fish to reach food and the time spent to reach it. This could lead to additional energy budget with serious consequences for population dynamics. Also, the HeMHAS demonstrated its suitability to assess the role of the contamination and habitat connectivity stressors in the spatial distribution and habitat selection response. [Display omitted] • Contamination and habitat discontinuity were tested as habitat fragmentation drivers. • Habitat discontinuity and copper reduced the probability of fish to reach food. • Habitat discontinuity and copper increased the time spent by the fish foraging. • The HeMHAS is a novel tool to assess contamination as a habitat fragmentation driver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atomic state manipulation by laser radiation requires a stringent control of the light phase noise for precise spectroscopy and quantum computation. In this work we describe a novel interferometer recently employed to estimate the phase noise induced by an optical frequency shifter based on serrodyne modulation for optical frequency standards (Barbiero et al., 2023). The interferometer is generated by an acousto-optic actuator working in the Raman-Nath regime. Using the heterodyne detection between the unshifted optical mode with the first higher order optical components, we are able to detect the differential phase between the two optical path arms with a reduction of the phase noise induced by the actuator. We provide a theoretical treatment for the actuator phase suppression and we estimate the detectable phase noise limit of this interferometer. Finally, we discuss the possible applications in the field of precision measurements. • Composite heterodyne interferometer generated by Raman-Nath diffraction regime. • 4 dB phase noise improvement compared to the classic heterodyne interferometers. • Accurate physical model describing the signal extraction mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the problems that arises when studying Islamic societies is precisely that they all are designated with a term that refers to religion, even when the study has little or nothing to do with religion, and the denomination does not allow for an explanation of the enormous variety of histories of the people who fall under it. In the 1960s, Marshall Hodgson tried to solve this problem by creating new terms to differentiate the social sphere, the artistic sphere, etc. from the religious sphere. These terms are becoming more widely used today, but without taking into consideration the comments and limitations suggested by Hodgson. In the nineties, Manuel Acién embarked on a similar project, although his work sought to develop the elements comprising the Islamic social formation during the Middle Ages that would make it possible to differentiate it from other historical stages, without religion as a defining element. In this study, we analyze these author's proposals to address the problem and open a debate about the extent to which it is possible to use the terms coined by the first author to define the concepts of the second. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The liturgical music practices of South American cathedrals after the consolidation of independence remain unknown. In some cities, extrareligious repertoires were adapted, especially for paraliturgical activities that allowed the use of musical genres from secular spaces and whose texts were written in the vernacular. This article uses the identification of musical topics in songs written in the Romance language composed by Pedro Ximénez (1784–1856), presumably for the cathedral of Sucre, Bolivia, between 1833 and 1856, to demonstrate how sound resources from the theater and living room were used in songs of praise and exaltation on the one hand and lamentation and repentance on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To establish whether physical fitness and cognitive self-perceptions act as mediators in the link between global fitness and cognitive performance measured objectively in adolescents. We also compared differences across sex. A total of 1296 adolescents (50 % girls) from grades 5 to 8 (ages 10–14) participated in this cross-sectional study. The ALPHA-fitness test battery assessed physical fitness, comprising cardiorespiratory, speed-agility, and muscular fitness components. We used the 1–5-point International Fitness Scale for physical fitness self-perception, and the 1–10 scale for cognitive performance self-perception. Objective cognitive performance was assessed using a neurocognitive battery consisting of eight tasks. Using principal component analysis, these tasks were grouped into three domains: attention, working memory, and problem solving. We examined three serial mediation models adjusted for sex, standardized body mass index, maturation, and school vulnerability index. Physical fitness and cognitive self-perceptions mediated the effects on attention (B =.0027, CI =.0011 to.0047), memory (B =.0025; CI =.0003 to.0055 and B =.0035; CI =.0009 to.0063), and problem-solving (B = −.0137; CI = −.0231 to −.0052 and B =.0072; CI =.0043 to.0106). By sex, boys showed mediation in all domains, while girls only showed mediation in problem-solving. Adolescents' perceptions play a crucial and positive mediating role in linking objective measures of physical fitness to cognitive performance outcomes, particularly when self-perceptions of physical fitness and cognition are considered together. Therefore, educating families and school/health environments about the importance of adolescent perceptions, while fostering self-awareness and reinforcing their capabilities, is essential. • The study examines how self-perceptions of physical fitness and cognition mediate the link between objective variables. • Findings indicate that, in the attention domain, mediation occurs with both mediators for the total sample. • In the memory domain, mediation is observed with self-perception of memory alone and with both mediators. • For problem-solving task, mediation occurs with self-perception of physical fitness and both mediators. • Sex-specific results show boys' behavior aligns with the sample, while girls show significant effects only in problem-solving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• L. diffusa plants under direct sunlight suffer dynamic photoinhibition. • Acclimation with NPQ was observed by rapid light curves in exposed cacti in spring. • L. diffusa shows high tolerance to high-light conditions (high PPFD sat values). • PPFD sat values found for L. diffusa are the highest in the cactaceae. In desert environments, intense light stress can significantly impede the growth and survival of plants, making microenvironments formed under nurse plants crucial. Chlorophyll a fluorescence serves as a widely employed tool for detecting plant stress conditions. Here, we investigated the seasonal ecophysiological performance of Lophophora diffusa (Cactaceae) under nurse plants and in direct sunlight. Our assessment involved monitoring chlorophyll fluorescence parameters as indicators of photosynthetic efficiency over the course of one year, including the effective quantum yield of photosystem II (Φ PSII), maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (F v /F m), electron transport rate (ETR), and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Higher daily PPFD levels were observed in open spaces throughout all seasons except for winter. Additionally, temperatures were lower beneath nurse plants compared to exposed sites during spring and autumn. Lophophora diffusa exhibited dynamic photoinhibition, as evidenced by lower F v / F m values in plants exposed to sunlight compared to those sheltered under nurse plants in spring. During rapid light curves, L. diffusa exhibited decreased maximum Φ PSII and maximum ETR values in winter across both microenvironments, while displaying higher maximum NPQ in cacti exposed to sunlight compared to those sheltered under nurse plants in spring. High saturating light levels for ETR were observed in both environments throughout most seasons, except for winter, indicating a high tolerance to high-light conditions. Light curves induced greater stress compared to natural conditions, as evidenced by the acclimation with increased NPQ observed only after rapid light curves. These findings suggest that adult individuals of L. diffusa may not strictly rely on nurse plants for survival and have developed various mechanisms to thrive in diverse microenvironments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the activity of the ethanolic extract of Punica granatum rind against biofilm formers Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and methods: Coloration and precipitation reactions: To determine secondary metabolites. Microbiological study: With 30 strains isolated from catheters and S. aureus ATCC® 25923 biofilm former as control strain. Congo red agar: To identify biofilm producers strains. Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): By the colorimetric microdilution with extract dilutions (2000-3.9 µg/mL). Results: Reducing sugars, flavonoids and phenolic compounds were identified. It was determined that 67% of the strains had the ability to form biofilms. The MICs of the extract showed weak, moderate and good activity against 40, 45 and 15% of the strains. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of the Punica granatum rind showed activity against strains of S. aureus biofilms producers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Peru, the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the usefulness of having a structured laboratory surveillance system that has been operational for 22 years, based on influenza surveillance; initially in the form of sentinel units, and later strengthened and innovated, with its own resources and with external support, to provide quality information. Biotechnological advances have been implemented for diagnostic confirmation and the capacity of the national laboratory network has been expanded, maintaining efficiency, considering the diverse and complex realities of each region, and overcoming difficulties regarding communication and articulation between institutions. It is necessary to consolidate this system, with collaborative and coordinated work between its components, boosting its effectiveness and timeliness and promoting genomic surveillance of new viruses and variants, as is currently the case with SARS-CoV-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in new digital technologies have led to the blossoming of a great variety of techniques for analysing art objects, as well as other elements of material culture. This article outlines a digital study of the artistic technique employed by Canarian naturalist Domingo Bello y Espinosa (1817-1884) in his notebook Álbum Pintoresco de Canarias (1879, whereby digital photography has offered an initial approach to his technique of scientific illustration. The article brings to light this Canarian's heretofore little-known scientific drawings while inviting reflection on the usefulness of digital technology in interpreting them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental education is one of the great challenges worldwide; allows the training of critical people, with projects to create a more sustained, inclusive and sustainable world. Therefore, the relevance of environmental education in the current scenario is evaluated, whose goal is to achieve the consolidation of the sustainable development objectives of 2030. Consequently, the research focuses on three fundamental aspects: 1. It indicates that the crisis environmental a campaign that is the product of abbreviations of growth in industrial, economic and social matters, with negative impacts on the life of the planet. 2. Analyze the theoretical-philosophical dimension contained in the objectives of sustainable development. 3. Points out the importance of environmental education, understood as education for sustainable development, as a means to ensure the achievement of the proposed goals. It is not intended to be forceful, on the contrary, to open the discussion around the importance of expanding the field of action of environmental education, linking it with ethical positions that lead to a more humane and humanizing world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We must be able to generate value chains of the public, the private and the mixed. For that, we need to be able to address the coordination failures with which we tend to get bogged down in throwing responsibility from side to side, instead of recognizing and solving them, to generate the objective conditions for co-responsibility, trust and collaboration. Bridges are often burned before they are even tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion To explore the association of maternal characteristics, oxygenation, and mechanical ventilatory parameters with fetal and neonatal outcomes.The present study was a multicenter, binational (Argentina/Colombia), prospective, cohort study, conducted in 21 intensive care units (ICUs) and including pregnant or postpartum patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia requiring advanced respiratory support and their fetuses/neonates. Advanced respiratory support was defined as high‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC), non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).A total of 91 patients were admitted to 21 ICUs: 63 (69%) antepartum and 28 (31%) postpartum. Among those admitted antepartum (63), delivery was induced in 43 (68.3%), being the reasons mostly maternal (28/43; 65.1%). Of 71 births, 64 (90%) were preterm. A total of 14 fetal/neonatal losses (14/91;15.4%) occurred. The main differences between patients whose fetuses/neonates survived versus those who did not survive were in APACHE II (12 [7–15] vs. 16.5 [14–20]; P = 0.003), SOFA24 (4 [3–5] vs. 6.5 [5–8]; P = 0.001), gestational age at delivery (32.9 ± 3 vs. 27.6 ± 6.2; P = 0.014), acute respiratory distress syndrome (54 [70.1%] vs. 14 [100%]; P = 0.011), septic shock (26 [33.8%] vs. 9 [64.3%]; P = 0.031), IMV (55 [71.4%] vs. 14 [100%]; P = 0.019) and plateau pressure before delivery (23 [21–26] vs. 28 [27–30]; P = 0.019). The incidence of fetal/neonatal mortality among 47 pregnant patients requiring IMV with SpO2 < 95% versus SpO2 >95% before intubation was 12/35 (34.28%) versus 1/12 (8.33%), respectively; P = 0.163. The incidence of fetal/neonatal mortality among those with SpO2 <95% versus SpO2 >95% before delivery was 5/18 (27.77%) versus 8/29 (25.58%), respectively; P = 0.999.The vast majority of births were preterm. Among patients admitted antepartum, most deliveries were induced for maternal reasons. Fetal/neonatal losses were associated with gestational age at delivery, maternal severity of illness on admission and certain ventilatory parameters but not with maternal oxygenation, as is commonly the focus in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the development of digital fabrication in Peru, focusing on Lima Makers, the country's first maker space. Through this case, the study explores the dynamics of socialization, collaborative identity, and innovation practices in a context where digital fabrication intersects with local artistic and technological culture. Utilizing the concepts of recursive publics, communities of practice, and infrastructuring, the analysis shows how Lima Makers fosters cohesion among its members and encourages creativity, while also facing challenges in forming active recursive publics involved in the governance of digital fabrication in Peru. Furthermore, the article argues that this local dynamic reflects a process of cultural appropriation and the creation of new technological identities in the global south. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last decades, the incorporation of beneficial microorganisms in agriculture crop management has become a common practice. Seed coating of these microorganisms still faces technical issues, which limit its implementation in conventional agriculture. An adaption to widely established agricultural practices, e.g. fertigation, could help to overcome these issues. Here, using Bacillus velezensis strain BBC047, we show the influence of the crop phenological stages on the efficiency and success of microbial inoculation under agricultural conditions. In the commercial nursery, strain BBC047 improved growth in a variety of horticulture crops like basil, cabbage, tomato and bell pepper, the latter with the strongest effects in strengthening and accelerating the seedling growth (root and aerial biomass). For a field trial under productive conditions, different application strategies were compared, using bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) as crop under fertigation: conventional management (T1), application to the seedling (only nursery, T2), only post-transplant application (field, T3) and a combination of both (T4). In T2 and T4, the post-transplantation survival rate (p < 0.05) improved and the productivity of the plants increased (> 100%). Applications of BBC047 post-transplantation (T3) caused a lower increase in productivity (25%). Fruits from all three application strategies contained significantly more Vitamin C. We conclude that in conventional agriculture, the applications of PGPR inoculants to early crop phenological stages like nurseries are a viable alternative for the efficient use of PGPR inoculants. In comparison, a late introduction of a PGPR reduces its beneficial effect on crop productivity. We highlight that an appropriate timing in the use of PGPR inoculants is crucial for product development and success in sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction allows highly selective concentration of organic compounds that are at trace levels. The determination of those analytes through the supercritical fluid chromatography usage is associated with many analytical benefits, which are significantly increased when it is coupled to a mass spectrometry detector, thus providing an extremely sensitive analytical technique with minimal consumption of organic solvents. On account of this, a hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction technique in two-phase mode combined with supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was developed for quantifying 19 multiclass emerging contaminants in water samples in a total chromatographic time of 5.5 min. The analytical method used 40 μL of 1-octanol placed in the porous-walled polypropylene fiber as the acceptor phase, and 1 L of water sample was the donor phase. After extraction and quantification techniques were optimized in detail, a good determination coefficient (r2 > 0.9905) in the range of 0.1 to 100 μg L−1, for most of the analytes, and an enrichment factor in the range of 7 to 28,985 were obtained. The recovery percentage (%R) and intraday precision (%RSD) were in the range of 80.80–123.40%, and from 0.48 to 16.89%, respectively. Limit of detection and quantification ranged from 1.90 to 35.66 ng L−1, and from 3.41 to 62.11 ng L−1, respectively. Finally, the developed method was successfully used for the determination of the 19 multiclass emerging contaminants in superficial and wastewater samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of biomass morphology and culture conditions on fungal fermentation was widely reviewed in the literature. In this work, we presented three independent experiments in order to evaluate the influence of some of those input factors on a lipase production separately by using the Aspergillus niger MYA 135 and the two-stage fermentation technique. Regarding the culture modality, the biomass was pre-grown in a first reactor. Then, the washed mycelium was transferred to a second reactor to continue the study. Firstly, linear effects of fungal morphology and several physiological parameters on a lipase production were explored using the Plackett–Burman design. The dispersed fungal morphology was confirmed as a proper quality characteristic for producing an extracellular lipase activity. Concerning the impact of the carbon source on the biomass pre-growth, the sucrose (E = 9.923, p < 0.001) and the l-arabinose (E = 4.198, p = 0.009) presented positive and significant effects on the enzyme production. On the contrary, the supplementation of 0.05 g/L CaCl2 displayed a highly negative and significant effect on this process (E = − 7.390, p < 0.001). Secondly, the relationship between the enzyme production and the input variables N:C ratio, FeCl3 and olive oil was explored applying the central composite design. Among the model terms, the N:C ratio of the production medium had the most negative and significant influence on the enzyme synthesis. Thus, it was concluded that a low N:C ratio was preferable to increase its production. In addition, the bifunctional role of FeCl3 on this fungus was presented. Thirdly, a prove of concept assay was also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a new nonlinear voltage-mode controller for a PWM dc-dc buck converter operating in continuous conduction mode. The sliding-mode control technique is used to derive a simplified equivalent control law based on the averaged dc-dc buck converter dynamics. As opposed to the reported design approaches, the proposed control scheme only requires the output voltage in the feedback loop without the need to the capacitor current. Thus, the analogue implementation cost is reduced and the drawback of adding a capacitor current sensor to the power converter is eliminated. The control equation is realized in a simple analogue circuit using few op-amps and resistors, which is suitable for industrial applications. The system modeling and control design procedure along with the derivation of the existence and stability conditions are presented. The control system performance is analyzed using MATLAB and SaberRD simulations. Furthermore, a simple analogue prototype of the simplified nonlinear voltage-mode controlled dc-dc buck converter is developed on a PCB. The simulation and experimental results show that the controller maintains a constant switching frequency, exhibits fast transient response, and provides good tracking performance under large disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prior knowledge of the student is extremely important for learning new content, and the diagnosis of such knowledge can assist teacher’s education planning. In this article the free association of words method was carried out to survey the students' previous knowledge in order to formulate a Cytology lesson plan. Thus, 60 freshman nursing students were asked to provide 15 words about the topic “Cell” during their first Cytology class. The initial analysis found that students had adequate prior knowledge with 210 terms (123 central terms and 87 derived terms) and 752 citation obtained. All terms were categorized into eleven categories and were used as references to construct a teacher education planning guide aiming a systematized knowledge by the common sense between the terms and frequencies of these categories. The teaching strategy sought the activation of student’s prior knowledge, content leveling and contextualized learning by focusing on concrete applications in students’ everyday life. The strategy allowed for greater assimilation of the content, motivation and participation in class by the students. In addition, an initial diagnostic evaluation form to collect associated free terms was formulated to facilitate the organization and analysis of prior knowledge data by the teacher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher Education in Cuba is a particular transformational process; indeed, the development of knowledge in the society requires new demands in the universities. One of this demand is precisely the educational inclusion of young university students, for the achievement of the necessary professional skills in their performances. Particularly, those who have a diagnosis on stuttering and the ones who are studying pedagogical careers, need special attention by a language specialist (speech therapist) so that they can achieve their independence required by the exercise of the profession from a quality education. The speech therapy cabinet office is an excellent place to favor the educational inclusion of young university students with a diagnosis of stuttering, however, there is a limited level of knowledge by teachers, students and managers about the role they play in this regard. This article is aimed at evaluating the work that is done from the speech therapy cabinet of the Central University "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas (Villa Clara province, Cuba), to favor the educational inclusion of a young woman with Stuttering diagnosis. In order to achieve this purpose, an exploratory research was implemented through a case study, which constituted the initial phase of a further study. As a result, the diagnosis of the real state of the work that is carried out from the speech therapy cabinet was obtained, in relation to the educational inclusion of a young woman with a diagnosis of stuttering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We characterized the antimicrobial resistance of 70 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from patients with a urinary tract infection (UTI) from 8 public hospitals in Peru. Resistance profiles were identified using the automated MicroScan® system. A standard polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of the blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaPER genes. The 65.7% (46/70) of the isolates presented a multidrug-resistant phenotype and 55.7% (39/70) were extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producers. High levels of resistance were detected for ampicillin (77,1%), ciprofloxacin (74,3%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (62,9%), cefepime (57,1%), and cefuroxime (57,1%). The blaTEM gene was the most frequent (31,4%), followed by blaCTX-M (18,6%) and blaSHV (2,9%) genes. These results show high resistance levels to antimicrobials of clinical use in E. coli isolates from hospital UTI patients in Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arrival and establishment of the Chinese community in Peru during the 19th century was a very relevant event within its historical context, having a considerable impact on sociocultural aspects of the country until the present. An important source of knowledge about this foreign population is the discovery of human remains identified as Chinese immigrants buried in the Huaca Bellavista Archaeological Site, formerly part of the Zavala hacienda, located in the Santa Anita district, in the province of Lima. In this sense, the present research will approach the study of this sample with an epidemiological orientation, emphasizing the recurrence, degree of expression and distribution of various pathological and traumatic alterations in the dental record that reflect the levels of health that these individuals would have experienced inside and outside the Zavala hacienda, in order to have a better understanding of the prevailing conditions of life and death of this population. Providing, as a result, evidence of continuous forced labor and, above all, precarious circumstances of subsistence; corroborating and complementing in this way the preceding documentary information on the lifestyle to which Chinese immigrants were subjected during their labor in the various haciendas of the Peruvian coast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Worldwide, including Peru, there is a shortage of human resources to attend for COVID-19 patients, for which reason, newly graduated doctors are being recruited. Material and Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study, using a virtual survey, asked about the possibility of being recruited to care for patients with Coronavirus, as well as other perceptions of this possibility (obtaining a Cronbach's Alpha: 0.86); analytical statistics were obtained. Results: Of 352 respondents, 54% stated that they would accept to be recruited. Multivariate analysis revealed that more fatalistic disease perception takes less be recruited in a hospital (p <0.001); however, if they felt well trained (p <0.001), comfortable supporting in hospitals (p = 0.015), able to provide general care (p <0.001) and could work in a place with many cases (p <0.001); adjusted for two variables. Conclusion: Although there was not a large majority who wanted to be recruited, if this would happen they would have to adapt and they stated that they would be comfortable and trained attending to patients with this pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops a framework for reading fictional languages and neologisms in science fiction that complements prior critical approaches focused on linguistics or quantification. It argues that interpreting the inclusion of alien languages as a form of multilingual writing (albeit one where the source language does not exist) is a productive mode of analyzing science fiction. Bakhtin's thought on heteroglossia as well as contemporary approaches to multilingual writing are employed to coin and refine the concept of fictive multilingualism. The mode of analysis is exemplified by applying it to Ursula K. Le Guin's use of created languages, particularly in Always Coming Home (1985) and The Dispossessed (1974), in which fictive multilingualism serves both to construct plausible alien worlds and call attention to their textually constructed nature. The narratives of decipherment in Always Coming Home, manifested through untranslated or polyphonic terms, are explored in depth to support this point. In contrast to existing cultural criticism about created languages in sf, which tends towards analysis of neologisms in isolation, my approach is based on detailed readings of neologisms and other expressions of created languages as they function within a text and in relation to its main language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]