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We experimentally and theoretically demonstrate subwavelength scale localization of spoof surface plasmon polaritons at a point defect in a two-dimensional groove metal array. An analytical expression for dispersion relation of spoof surface plasmon polaritons substantiates the existence of a band gap where a defect mode can be introduced. A waveguide coupling method allows us to excite localized spoof surface plasmon polariton modes and measure their resonance frequencies. Numerical calculations confirm that localized modes can have a very small modal volume and a high Q factor both of which are essential in enhancing light-matter interactions. Interestingly, we find that the localized spoof surface plasmon polariton has a significant toroidal dipole moment, which is responsible for the high Q factor, as well as an electric quadrupole moment. In addition, the dispersion properties of spoof surface plasmon polaritons are analyzed using a modal expansion method and numerical calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polarization of light can be rotated in materials with an absence of molecular or structural mirror symmetry. While this rotating ability is normally rather weak in naturally occurring chiral materials, artificial chiral metamaterials have demonstrated extraordinary rotational ability by engineering intra-molecular couplings. However, while in general, chiral metamaterials can exhibit strong rotatory power at or around resonances, they convert linearly polarized waves into elliptically polarized ones. Here, we demonstrate that strong inter-molecular coupling through a small gap between adjacent chiral metamolecules can lead to a broadband enhanced rotating ability with pure rotation of linearly polarized electromagnetic waves. Strong inter-molecular coupling leads to nearly identical behaviour in magnitude, but engenders substantial difference in phase between transmitted left and right-handed waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metallic gyroid metamaterials are formed by a combination of nanoplasmonic helices leading to unique and complex optical characteristics. To unravel this inherent complexity we set up an analytic tri-helical metamaterial model that reveals the underlying physical properties. This analytic tri-helical model is complete in the sense that it is only dependent on the structure's geometric and material parameters. It allows us to elucidate the characteristic transverse and longitudinal modes of the metal nano-gyroid as well as explain the surprisingly small optical chirality of gyroid metamaterials that is observed in experiments.We argue that this behaviour originates from the interconnection of multiple helices of opposing handedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that line defects can give rise to the bending and splitting of self-collimated beams in two-dimensional photonic crystals from the equifrequency contour calculations and the finite-difference time-domain simulations. The power ratio between two split self-collimated beams can be controlled systematically by varying the radii of rods or holes in the line defect. We also show that the bending and controllable splitting of self-collimated beams can be useful in steering the flow of light in photonic crystal integrated light circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a frequency selective duplexer using microwave photonic band gap (PBG) structures. It uses two different PBGs to control the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the microwave region. In this structure, an additional narrow reflection band appears in the transmission spectrum when the PBG structure is not properly located relative to the T junction. By considering multiple reflections, it is proved that this additional reflection band in each PBG structure results from the interference between the input wave and the reflected wave from the other PBG structure. An effective way to prevent this interference effect is also discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fabrication of 3D metamaterials, such as multilayer structures, is of great interest in practical applications of the metamaterial. Here we present an electrohydrodynamic jet printing technique as a direct fabrication method of 3D multilayer metamaterial. By alignment of the nozzle movement, we could fabricate multiple layers of the metamaterial. Controlling an electrical pulse to make droplets on-demand, we fabricated a high refractive index metamaterial and compared the optical performances of a single layer and multiple layers, with 10 µm width and 5 µm gap of I-shaped meta-atoms on the polyimide substrate. The peak refractive index was 25.7 at 0.46 THz for a four-layer metamaterial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show from the photonic band calculation and the finite difference time domain simulation that polymer photonic crystal slabs with a triangular array of air holes can exhibit complete photonic band gaps for transverse electric-like modes. A line defect introduced in the polymer photonic crystal slab can create guided modes which are useful in implementing low loss waveguides. We also show that thermal nanoimprint lithography is an attractive way to pattern the triangular array of air holes with high aspect ratio, which is a necessary step in the realization of the polymer photonic crystal slab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]