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There is a lack of knowledge about the composition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains in spontaneous fermentations of Pinot Noir and Chardonnay cultivars. The objectives were to determine the relative abundance of indigenous and commercial S. cerevisiae strains in spontaneous fermentations at three wineries from the two cultivars and to compare the composition of the S. cerevisiae strains between cultivars and wineries. Three fermentation vessels were sampled at three stages of fermentation for each cultivar at each winery. Isolates were identified to the strain level using seven microsatellite loci. Commercial S. cerevisiae strains were isolated at a frequency higher than that of the indigenous strains at each winery for both cultivars. The composition of S. cerevisiae strains was different for each cultivar and at each winery. Our results illustrate the clear influence of inoculated commercial active dry yeast strains on the composition of S. cerevisiae strains in spontaneous fermentations at wineries conducting both inoculated and spontaneous fermentations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animals often express behavioral preferences for different types of food or other resources, and these preferences can evolve or shift following association with novel food types. Shifts in preference can involve at least two phenomena: a change in rank preference or a change in specificity. The former corresponds to a change in the order in which hosts are preferred, while a shift in specificity can be an increase in the tendency to utilize multiple hosts. These possibilities have been examined in relatively few systems that include extensive population-level replication. The Melissa blue butterfly, Lycaeides melissa, has colonized exotic alfalfa, Medicago sativa, throughout western North America. We assayed the host preferences of 229 females from ten populations associated with novel and native hosts. In four out of five native-associated populations, a native host was preferred over the exotic host, while preference for a native host characterized only two out of five of the alfalfa-associated populations. Across all individuals from alfalfa-associated populations, there appears to have been a decrease in specificity: females from these populations lay fewer eggs on the native host and more eggs on the exotic relative to females from native-host populations. However, females from alfalfa-associated populations did not lay more eggs on a third plant species, which suggests that preferences for specific hosts in this system can potentially be gained and lost independently. Geographic variation in oviposition preference in L. melissa highlights the value of surveying a large number of populations when studying the evolution of a complex behavioral trait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that the cubic shape invariant K3, which provides a measure for triaxiality for β-rigid nuclei, can be obtained from a small number of observables. This affords approximations which have been tested to hold within a few percent in the rigid triaxial rotor model and the interacting boson model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Patients with severe mental illnesses (SMI) are often exposed to polymedication. Additionally, the risk of somatic diseases is twice as high in patients with SMI as in individuals without a psychiatric disorder. Furthermore, drug–drug interactions (DDI) between psychiatric drugs and somatic medications are a well-known cause of adverse drug reactions (ADR). Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse whether already known DDI related to psychiatric drugs and somatic medication still occur in everyday clinical practice. Methods: Therefore we identified all spontaneous ADR reports contained in the European ADR database EudraVigilance from Germany received between 01/2017 and 12/2021 reported for patients older than 17 years in which antidepressants, antipsychotics and mood stabilizers were reported as suspected/interacting (n= 9,665). ADR reports referring to intentional overdoses and suicide attempts were excluded (n= 9,276 left). We used the ABDATA drug information system in order to identify all potential DDI (pDDI). The identified reports with pDDI were then assessed individually to determine whether the respective DDI occurred. Results: 1,271 reports with 728 potentially interacting drugs pairs related to psychiatric drugs and somatic medications with 2,655 pDDI were found. Restricted to potentially interacting drug pairs with more than 10 reports, (i) hyponatremias related to antidepressants and diuretics (n= 362, 32.6%), (ii) bleeding events related to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and platelet aggregation inhibitors, anticoagulants or non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) (n= 295, 17.5%), and (iii) increased beta-blocker effects related to SSRIs and beta-blockers (n= 126, 11.3%) were the most frequently identified pDDI. After individual case assessment, in 33.3% (14/42), 23.7% (45/190) and 17.4% (8/46) of the reports bleeding events related to SSRIs and anticoagulants, SSRIs and platelet aggregation inhibitors and SSRIs and NSAIDs were reported. Hyponatremia was reported in 7.6% (22/289) of the reports related to antidepressants and diuretics and increased beta-blocker effects in 6.9% (8/116) of the reports related to SSRIs and beta-blockers. Conclusions: According to our analysis, well-known DDI still occur in the treatment of psychiatric patients with psychiatric drugs and somatic medication. Whenever possible, alternative drug combinations with a lower potential of DDIs may be considered or appropriate monitoring measures should be conducted. Disclosure of Interest: None Declared [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Sinonasal carcinomas (SNCs) comprise various rare tumor types that are characterized by marked histologic diversity and largely unknown molecular profiles, yet share an overall poor prognosis owing to an aggressive clinical course and frequent late-stage diagnosis. The lack of effective systemic therapies for locally advanced or metastatic SNC poses a major challenge to therapeutic decision making for individual patients. We here aimed to identify actionable genetic alterations in a patient with metastatic SNC whose tumor, despite all diagnostic efforts, could not be assigned to any known SNC category and was refractory to multimodal therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We used whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing to identify a KIT exon 11 mutation (c.1733_1735del, p.D579del) as potentially druggable target in this patient and carried out cancer hotspot panel sequencing to detect secondary resistance-conferring mutations in KIT. Furthermore, as a step towards clinical exploitation of the recently described signatures of mutational processes in cancer genomes, we established and applied a novel bioinformatics algorithm that enables supervised analysis of the mutational catalogs of individual tumors. RESULTS: Molecularly guided treatment with imatinib in analogy to the management of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) resulted in a dramatic and durable response with remission of nearly all tumor manifestations, indicating a dominant driver function of mutant KIT in this tumor. KIT dependency was further validated by a secondary KIT exon 17 mutation (c.2459_2462delATTCinsG, p.D820_S821delinsG) that was detected upon tumor progression after 10 months of imatinib treatment and provided a rationale for salvage therapy with regorafenib, which has activity against KIT exon 11/17 mutant GIST. CONCLUSIONS: These observations highlight the potential of unbiased genomic profiling for uncovering the vulnerabilities of individual malignancies, particularly in rare and unclassifiable tumors, and underscore that KIT exon 11 mutations represent tractable therapeutic targets across different histologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: One of the main problem of 3D time domain controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) inversion is the high runtimes of forward modeling codes. We reduced the runtime of the 3D time domain finite difference CSEM code TEMDDD by the GPU-parallelization of expensive algorithms. The code solves the electromagnetic diffusion equation by discretization of spatial operators and subsequent calculation of eigenpairs. These eigenpairs are found by approximation of the eigenspace in a Krylov subspace using the spectral Lanczos decomposition Method. This algorithm was in its original form not parallelizable due to implementation of the upper boundary condition at the air–water interface. We show for the marine case that replacing the original boundary condition at the air–water surface by a discretized air layer allows GPU parallelization of every time consuming algorithm of the code in the marine case. Speedups between 20 and 60 have been achieved compared to the original code for a larger 3-D model. In this model the bathymetry from a survey area offshore Egypt is used as an example demonstrating that the parallelized version of the code is applicable to real survey scenarios. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We used the high-resolution Q3D magnetic spectrograph at the Maier-Leibnitz Laboratory (MLL) Tandem accelerator in Munich to study 200Hg and 202Hg after two-neutron transfer. The results confirm the sharp drop in the number of low-lying 0+ states towards the 208Pb shell closure. In total, we assigned six 0+ states in 200Hg and four 0 + states in 202Hg. The 0+ excitation energies and the measured (p, t) transfer cross sections indicate a structural change throughout the Hg isotopes, with the most notable result being the peaking in the cross section of the O2+ state in 200Hg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied 0+ states in 198Hg after the 200Hg(p,t)198Hg transfer reaction up to 3 MeV excitation energy. The experiment was performed using the high-resolution Q3D magnetic spectrograph at the Maier-Leibnitz Laboratory Tandem accelerator in Munich. In total, only four 0+ states were observed in 198Hg, significantly fewer than in other experiments of the (p,t) transfer campaign. We discuss the low-energy 0+ state density as a function of the valence nucleon number Nval and test if the 0+ density can be used as a signature for the prolate-oblate shape-phase transition in the Hf-Hg region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aberrant expression of the homeodomain transcription factor CDX2 occurs in most cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and promotes leukemogenesis, making CDX2, in principle, an attractive therapeutic target. Conversely, CDX2 acts as a tumor suppressor in colonic epithelium. The effectors mediating the leukemogenic activity of CDX2 and the mechanism underlying its context-dependent properties are poorly characterized, and strategies for interfering with CDX2 function in AML remain elusive. We report data implicating repression of the transcription factor KLF4 as important for the oncogenic activity of CDX2, and demonstrate that CDX2 differentially regulates KLF4 in AML versus colon cancer cells through a mechanism that involves tissue-specific patterns of promoter binding and epigenetic modifications. Furthermore, we identified deregulation of the PPARγ signaling pathway as a feature of CDX2-associated AML and observed that PPARγ agonists derepressed KLF4 and were preferentially toxic to CDX2+ leukemic cells. These data delineate transcriptional programs associated with CDX2 expression in hematopoietic cells, provide insight into the antagonistic duality of CDX2 function in AML versus colon cancer, and suggest reactivation of KLF4 expression, through modulation of PPARγ signaling, as a therapeutic modality in a large proportion of AML patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the doubly magic nucleus 208Pb , five states are observed at 5648, 5658, 5686, 5694, 5836keV by 208Pb ( p, p′) via isobaric analog resonances in 209Bi . The 5686, 5694, 5836 states with spins 6-, 7-, 8- are shown to contain almost the full strength of the particle-hole configuration g9/2 f7/2 . The 5658 5- state contains a major g9/2 f7/2 fragment with admixtures of d5/2 f5/2 , d5/2 f7/2 . The 5648, 5649keV states observed in a quintuplet at Ex = 5.63 - 5.65 MeV are preliminarily identified to have spins (4)- and 6+ to 9+. The 5648keV (4)- state contains almost half of the g9/2 f7/2 strength and half of the h9/2 d5/2 strength with admixtures of d5/2 f5/2 , d5/2 p3/2 , d5/2 f7/2 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: A combined high resolution short offset transient electromagnetic (SHOTEM) and deep sounding, long offset (LOTEM) survey has been carried out along two traverses between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan-Dead Sea Rift (DSR). The DSR is located in the study area some 200–250m below sea level. The measurements detected a deep conductor, the top of which exhibited a regular behavior along the both traverses, declining from the Mediterranean to the DSR base level. The geometry of this geoelectric boundary coincides fairly well with the configuration of a supposed fresh/saline groundwater interface as also obtained by both numerical and physical modeling for the known hydrogeological conditions in the study area. Therefore the detected geoelectric boundary is identified with the interface, supporting the hypothesis of current seawater intrusion into the deep regional aquifers between the Mediterranean and the DSR base levels. The intrusion causes the salination of fresh groundwater within the aquifers as well as the salination of the Sea of Galilee. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Excited states in the deformed nucleus 168Er have been studied with high energy resolution in the ( p, t) reaction, with the Munich Q3D spectrograph. A large number of excited 0+ states (25) and 2+ states (64) have been assigned up to 4.0-MeV excitation energy. This allows detailed investigations along two directions of current interest: first, an extension of microscopic model interpretations into the region of medium level density above the pairing gap; second, a first analysis of the statistical fluctuation (order/chaos) properties of pure sequences of levels, in one deformed nucleus. Predictions of two models (the quasiparticle-phonon model and the projected shell model) are compared to the data, and it is concluded that, in both cases, mixing of more configurations is required in the wave functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A (p, t) study of eight nuclei in the rare earth region identified 96 0+ states (67 new). Their density at low energy is used to corroborate a fundamental property of quantum phase transitional behavior and to provide a new signature of nuclei near the critical point. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A strong rise of E0 transition strengths between the first excited 0+ state and the ground state is predicted in shape transitional regions within the Interacting Boson Model (IBM). This rise matches well existing data and is not connected to a large mixing amplitude between both states. Moreover, a coherence of amplitudes in the wave functions causes the strong transition, without a requirement of explicit mixing of normal and intruder configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]