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ABSTRACT Antenatal testicular torsion is a well-established condition diagnosed and treated after birth. This report describes the antenatal diagnosis of testicular torsion with surgical and pathological confirmation. Antenatal and postnatal sonographic findings included enlarged testis and epipdidymis surrounded by hemorrhagic fluid organized in two concentric compartments (‘double ring hemorrhage’ image). A contralateral hydrocele with bulging of the scrotal septum towards the unaffected side were also present. Pathological examination demonstrated a recent extravaginal torsion, which is the predominant mechanism for testicular torsion in the fetus and neonate. Recognition of this phenomenon and the ultrasonographic images associated with it may enable the diagnosis of antenatal testicular torsion to be made on prenatal sonography of the fetus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The antigenic specificity of T cells occurs via generation and rearrangement of different gene segments producing a functional T cell receptor (TCR). High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) allows in‐depth assessment of TCR repertoire patterns. There are limited data concerning whether TCR repertoires are altered in inflammatory bowel disease. We hypothesized that pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) patients possess unique TCR repertoires, resulting from clonotypical expansions in the gut. Paired blood and rectal samples were collected from nine newly diagnosed treatment‐naive pediatric UC patients and four healthy controls. DNA was isolated to determine the TCR‐β repertoire by HTS. Significant clonal expansion was demonstrated in UC patients, with inverse correlation between clinical disease severity and repertoire diversity in the gut. Using different repertoire variables in rectal biopsies, a clear segregation was observed between patients with severe UC, those with mild–moderate disease and healthy controls. Moreover, the overlap between autologous blood–rectal samples in UC patients was significantly higher compared with overlap among controls. Finally, we identified several clonotypes that were shared in either all or the majority of UC patients in the colon. Clonal expansion of TCR‐β‐expressing T cells among UC patients correlates with disease severity and highlights their involvement in mediating intestinal inflammation. Using next‐generation sequencing of the TCR‐β we demonstrate altered repertoire features in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis. We show clonal expansion of specific clonotypes that correlates with disease activity in ulcerative colitis, highlighting their involvement in mediating intestinal inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]