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The present study examined the association between general low self-control (LSC) and its three subcomponents: risk taking, self-centeredness, and impulsivity and various bystander behaviors of cyberbullying. The study utilized a bifactor modeling approach and included a sample of 501 adolescents aged 14–18 years old. Participants' behaviors were measured using a self-reported questionnaire. General LSC was positively associated with the cyberbully-supporters' and passive bystanders' behaviors. Additionally, risk taking was positively associated with both the victim-defender's and cyberbully-supporter's behaviors, while self-centeredness was positively associated with both the passive bystander's and the cyberbully-supporter's behaviors. Furthermore, impulsivity was positively associated with the cyberbully-supporter's behaviors. We conclude that general LSC plays an important role in understanding the cyberbully-supporter's and passive bystander's behaviors in cyberspace. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that LSC subcomponents were also associated with the bystanders' behaviors above and beyond the associations between general LSC and these types of behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Youth involvement in radicalization and terrorism activity has increased over the last decade. The present study aimed to determine whether minor lone-actor terrorists feature unique individual characteristics, and identify situational factors related to these attacks. A comparative analysis was conducted with 83 minors and 82 mature lone-actor terrorists in Israel who committed terrorist attacks between January 2015 and December 2016. Results indicated significant differences between underage and adult lone-actor terrorists in three of the four "pillars of opportunity" (target, training, and facilitating conditions), as well as in the death toll. These findings suggest close affinities between the socio-psychological needs and challenges youth face in their adolescence phase and their modus operandi for terror acts. We discussed these findings in the context of existing research on youth radicalism and lone-actor terrorism, offering further directions for research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palestinian women have played an increasingly active role in terrorist activities in the past two decades as part of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The present study aims to examine differences in the characteristics of female Palestinian terrorists and in the patterns of their terrorist activity between the Second Intifada and the Third Intifada. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of male Palestinian terrorist activity between the two Intifada periods was conducted in order to explore whether trends in female terrorist activity were unique to women or reflected global trends. Data are based on 171 female and male Palestinians that carried out terrorist activities. The findings show that age, terrorist method and organizational affiliation correlate significantly with the Intifada period. Significant differences were not found in the main motive for female terrorist activity. The analysis shows that overall trends of Palestinian female terrorist characteristics and their involvement in terrorism were similar to those of male terrorists. Moreover, during the Third Intifada female terrorists mainly acted alone, reflecting the current growing global trend of lone-actor terrorists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leading an inclusion and integration reform during COVID-19, educational leaders embraced a multicultural approach responsive to students’ uniqueness. This qualitative study explores how elementary school principals and counselors developed multicultural school competencies (MSC) during the pandemic to promote inclusive multicultural education. Interviews with 25 Israeli educational leaders yielded three main themes: (1) demonstrating multicultural commitment; (2) building relational skills; (3) fostering social-emotional learning. Findings indicate that school counselors played a critical role in developing MSC during the pandemic. We outline a new model that enables multicultural school leaders, principals, and counselors to re-skill and up-skill MSC in a post-pandemic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 requires educational leaders to collectively make sense of their inclusive practices. This qualitative study explores how COVID-19 crisis shaped Israeli superintendents' and principals' role in fostering school sense-making processes during a reform based on Amendment No. 11 to the Special Education Law. Data were collected with 22 Jewish and Arab district and school leaders via Zoom interviews. Data analysis yielded three major themes: (1) Developing a shared vision and direction; (2) Building school capacity for inclusion: (a) nurturing a culture of collective responsibility (b) maintaining mental-resilience skills and well-being; and (3) Fostering school collaboration and trust with stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the construction of incidents of gang rape in Israeli newspapers between the years 2000 and 2010. The study examines the differences between the news media framing of gang rape and individual rape. Results indicate that the coverage of gang rape significantly differs from that of individual rape. Newspaper coverage over-emphasizes instances of gang rape in relation to individual occurrences of rape by means of sensational headlines and “yellow” journalism. Moreover, the construction of gang rape reflects a convergence of gender, race, and class oppression through the blaming and marginalizing of victims, criminalizing rapists from socially marginal groups, and absolving offenders most closely associated with the upper middle class. These findings suggest that the Israeli media play a key role in perpetuating patriarchal hegemony and social inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

There is a lack of research on gang members’ online behavior. The present study addresses this shortcoming by examining how gang members proactively use the Internet. Data were collected by means of in-depth, semistructured interviews with gang members. In addition, based on reports of gang members, the analysis focused on their group activity on the web. The findings reveal that the Internet does neither play a role in gang formation nor promote considerable changes in group traditional delinquency. However, it does influence socializing processes: Youths who have high-level computer knowledge provide guidance to others, which increases online delinquency. Moreover, the level of computer skills is a key factor in gang involvement in cybercrime: for gangs with members who have high-level computer skills, online delinquency becomes a routine part of the gang’s life, and interaction with other groups around the globe facilitates their involvement in cybercrime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the role of levels of threat on the newspaper coverage of public order policing. We distinguished between macro/national and micro/ local types of protest involving the Arab minority in Israel, and tried to illustrate how threat was constructed differently by the media. Following the protest paradigm and the threat hypothesis, we focused on the newspaper construction of the threat of two violent public order events in which police used live ammunition against members of the Israeli Arab minority: the October 2000 events (macro) and the Pki'in 2007 event (micro). Our analysis shows that the newspapers highly emphasised the perceived threat of the October 2000 events -- much more than in the Pki'in 2001 event. Furthermore, in the October 2000 events the coverage was mainly episodic and pro filed the Israeli Arab protesters as 'an enemy within', while in the Pki'in 2007 event, reporting was more thematic and contextualised the protest within the social problems of the Druze minority in Israel society. The fact that the Israeli Arab minority is perceived by the State as a dissident minority ('the enemy within'), whilst the Druze Arabs are not, influenced the way public order events were covered by the media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examined differences in the characteristics of intimate femicide among various groups in Israeli society between 1995 and 2007. The findings show that Israeli-born Jews and Arabs were underrepresented among intimate femicide offenders. By contrast, the proportion of Ethiopian immigrants was 21 times higher than their proportion in the total population, and immigrants from the former USSR were overrepresented by 142.1%. Ethiopian immigrants differed significantly from the other groups with regard to femicide followed by suicide: Among Ethiopian immigrants, the percentage of femicide followed by suicide was almost twice as high as the percentage found among the other groups. In addition, immigrants from the former USSR differed significantly from the other groups with regard to femicide under the influence of alcohol. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study focuses on a combination of security, minority and economic threats that occurred concurrently during the Second Intifada in Israel and their impact on social control. The Israeli situation provides a unique opportunity for implementing the natural experiment approach. This study was based on an interrupted time-series analysis of a restricted time period, namely 1995–2005. ARMA models were used to examine the effects of Intifada period, terrorist attacks, unemployment rates and ethnic origin on pre-trial detention rates. The findings support the minority threat hypothesis. A strong and statistically significant interaction effect was found between the Second Intifada and ethnic origin: pre-trial detentions of Arabs increased during the Intifada and were higher than those of Jews. The results partially support the economic threat hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study deals with the relationship between school violence prevention training and teachers' perceived self-efficacy in handling violent events. Three indicators were used to examine teachers' self-efficacy: personal teaching efficacy (PTE), teachers' efficacy in the school as an organisation (TESO), and teachers' outcome efficacy (TOE). Data were obtained from an anonymous questionnaire administered to 147 teachers. The findings revealed a significant correlation between participation in school violence training and TOE, whereas training did not correlate significantly with PTE and TESO. Teachers at elementary and junior high schools reported higher levels of TOE in dealing with violence than high school teachers. A significant relationship was found between teachers who reported receiving high levels of support from the school and TOE in dealing with violence. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper is based on a text analysis of the contents of sixty-three newspaper articles published in the local Israeli press covering “Cult of Satan” activities. The response in the form of an anti-satanic movement in Israel and its rhetorical narrative are compared with phenomena in other western countries. Analysis focuses on why Satanism has remained more on the level of emergence and awareness in the press, and has not resulted in any grassroots mobilisation or official intervention in Israel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]