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This investigation was carried out to determine the concentrations of certain essential elements (Zn, Mg and Cu) in soil and forages from two different sites in the pasture in Sargodha, Pakistan during two consecutive seasons of the year. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of these essential elements (Zn, Mg and Cu) in soil and forages in relation to the needs of livestock grazing therein .The results showed that mean soil and forage values of these elements generally decreased from summer to winter seasons at both sites of the pastureland. Mean forage elements were found to be lower than the requirements of livestock consuming these forages in the studied pastureland. The Cu and Zn concentrations in soil were found to be closely related to required level for forage from the soil, but Mg was higher than the required level, indicating no need of soil amendment for enhancing the level of this element in soil for forage crops. Based on these findings, it was concluded the pasture soil should be amended with Cu and Zn containing fertilizers and the ruminants feeding on those forage species should also be continually supplemented with specifically tailored mineral mixture containing these elements to avoid diseases caused by deficiency of these mineral elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current effort was intended to cram the effect of sewage water on morphology and chemical symphony of cv. Dunkeld of canola (Brassica napus L.) in Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. The obtained information showed that there was an explicit effect of each metal on the growth and yield of the canola cultivar. Sewage water treatment had a significant effect on number of leaves and leaf area. The presence of heavy metals in the sewage water increased the plant growth and yield but up to a certain level, however, higher concentration of heavy metals reaching to toxic level, caused the reduction in plant growth and yield. When sewage water was diluted the toxicity became abridged. Ten levels of sewage water serial dilutions were used in present studies. Statistically completely randomize design with three replications for each experiment unit was implemented. At 50% sewage water dilution, plants got the reasonable quantity of micro and macro nutrient which resulted in increase in growth, yield and yield components. From the analysis of variance of data, Ca, Mg and Mn concentrations were affected substantially by the treatments in soil as well as in forage and showed consistence pattern of augment with increase in the treatment level of sewage water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted to appraise the levels of lead (Pb) in soils, pastures, and plasma of 20 rams raised in a farm alleged to have metal contamination. Samples of soil, pasture, and ram blood were taken four times with a one-month interval during autumn and winter, from October to January, and analyzed for Pb by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Considerable statistically significant differences were found in soil, pasture, and plasma Pb contents as a function of sampling time. The mean Pb values in soil ranged from 17.9 to 28.8 mg/kg, in forage from 9.92 to 16.4 mg/kg, and in plasma from 0.058 to 0.086 mg/l with a steady dwindle with sampling times. Forage Pb concentrations found in the present study were higher than the decisive Pb level for animals, but lower than the toxic limits for forage, signifying no anticipation of toxicity present in rams grazing therein. A significant positive correlation also was found between soil and forage and between forage and blood plasma Pb during this study. Overall, soil, forage, and rams contained tolerable amounts of Pb, so there is no risk of Pb toxicity presently to the rams being reared at the animal farm under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]