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Simple Summary: Enhancing the energy density of lamb diets is a proven method to improve their productivity. While using carbohydrates for this purpose may seem intuitive, it can lead to undesirable shifts in ruminal metabolism, potentially triggering metabolic diseases. Hence, substituting carbohydrates with lipids is favored. Nevertheless, lipids, though effective, can also disrupt ruminal fermentation parameters. Among these lipids, soybean oil stands out for its positive impact on both beef and dairy cattle, leading to improved performance. In our study, we sought to assess the effects of soybean oil supplementation on performance, digestibility, feeding behaviour, and blood metabolites of feedlot lambs. Our findings indicate that the inclusion of soybean oil resulted in a linear reduction in nutrient intake, consequently lowering the average daily gain of the lambs. Additionally, soybean oil supplementation induced selective feeding behaviour among the lambs. Based on our observations, we recommend incorporating soybean oil into lamb diets at a maximum inclusion rate of 41 g/kg DM to optimize production parameters. The strategy implemented to adapt lambs to increasing levels of high-fat diet mitigated the detrimental effects of lipids on the rumen, with high-density energy intake being the constraining factor on performance. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of soybean oil inclusion in diets on feeding behaviour, digestibility, performance, and blood metabolites of feedlot lambs. Forty non-castrated Santa Inês lambs with a mean age of 5 months and initial body weight of 34.88 ± 3.19 kg were used in a 40-day feeding trial. The lambs were distributed in five experimental diets with the inclusion of increasing soybean oil (SO) levels: 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 g/kg DM. The SO inclusion promoted a linear reduction in DM intake (p < 0.001), crude protein (CP, p < 0.001), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC, p < 0.001), and total digestible nutrients (TDN, p = 0.004). There was an increasing quadratic effect on the intake of ether extract (EE; p = 0.002) and decreasing for neutral detergent fiber (p = 0.005). The soybean oil inclusion promoted the greater apparent digestibility of CP (p = 0.016), EE (p = 0.005), NDFom (p < 0.001), and TDN (p < 0.001); on the other hand, the apparent digestibility of NFC (p = 0.005) was decreased. The average daily gain decreased (p < 0.001) with SO inclusion. The SO inclusion increased feeding time (p = 0.004), reduced the efficiency of DM rumination (p = 0.001), and reduced the concentration of blood N-ureic (p < 0.001). Considering the productive parameters, SO can be included in diets and it is recommended that we include SO of up to 41 g/kg DM in diets for fattening lambs as the ideal maximum level. The strategy implemented to adapt lambs to increasing levels of high-fat diet mitigated the detrimental effects of lipids on the rumen, with high-density energy intake being the constraining factor on performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the epidemiological and genomic characteristics, along with the transmission dynamics, of SARS-CoV-2 within prison units I and II in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Conducted between May and October 2022, it reveals how the virus spreads in the confined settings of prisons, emphasizing the roles of overcrowded cells, frequent transfers, and limited healthcare access. The research involved 1927 participants (83.93% of the total prison population) and utilized nasopharyngeal swabs and RT-qPCR testing for detection. Contact tracing monitored exposure within cells. Out of 2108 samples, 66 positive cases were identified (3.13%), mostly asymptomatic (77.27%), with the majority aged 21–29 and varying vaccination statuses. Next-generation sequencing generated 28 whole genome sequences, identifying the Omicron variant (subtypes BA.2 and BA.5) with 99% average coverage. Additionally, the study seeks to determine the relationship between immunization levels and the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 cases within this enclosed population. The findings underscore the necessity of comprehensive control strategies in prisons, including rigorous screening, isolation protocols, vaccination, epidemiological monitoring, and genomic surveillance to mitigate disease transmission and protect both the incarcerated population and the broader community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Williams syndrome (WS) is a genetic disorder caused by a microdeletion in chromosome 7, affecting ∼ 28 genes. Studies have demonstrated conductive losses seemingly related to the absence of the elastin gene and mild to profound sensorineural losses due to cochlear fragility. Objective To characterize and compare the peripheral auditory system and auditory brainstem response (ABR) of adults with WS and neurotypical adults matched by age and gender. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional observational study with 30 individuals of both sexes, aged 18 to 37 years – 15 of them with WS (study group) and 15 with neither the syndrome nor hearing complaints (control group), matched for sex and age. The subjects underwent pure-tone and speech audiometry, acoustic immittance, transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs), and ABR. Results Early-onset sensorineural hearing loss was found in 53.3% of the study sample, mostly mild, occurring above 3 kHz. The TEOAEs were absent in 53.3% of assessed subjects; for those in whom they were present, the signal-to-noise responses were significantly lower than in the control group. In the ABR, increased absolute latencies were observed in waves I and III. Conclusion Individuals with WS have early and progressive cochlear impairments, mainly affecting the basal region of the cochlea. They may have low brainstem changes which seem to begin in adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to describe the strategies to be used in the continuing education of nursing professionals about end-of-life palliative care in pediatric oncology. Methods: qualitative research, data collection through semi-structured interviews. Twenty-nine nursing professionals who work in the pediatric sector of an oncology reference hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro participated in the study. Data were processed by the Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires software using the descending hierarchical classification method. Results: educational strategies with nursing professionals should include a psychological approach, have the presence of a multidisciplinary team, be carried out in groups, periodically, and encourage participation and interaction. Conclusion: the study results show that to promote continuing education it is necessary to use strategies that facilitate the verbalization of feelings and emotions and that go beyond technical competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Displacement of the lower third molar tooth or part of it to the submandibular space is a rare, unpredictable complication that can cause serious harm to the patient and medico-legal conflicts. The decision of regarding conservative treatment or surgical intervention must be based on a correct diagnostic process, adequate imaging and clinical assessment of the patient. The aim of this article is to report the clinical case of a 24-year-old male patient who complained of severe pain in the right mandibular region, tongue numbness and progressive trismus after undergoing a difficult third molar tooth extraction procedure. Computed Tomography images concluded the fracture of the lingual mandibular bone plate associated with the medial displacement of the roots of tooth 48 to the right submandibular space. The proposed treatment was the extraoral approach that offered a satisfactory result to the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incorporation of dual‐purpose alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars into bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is a viable option to extend the grazing season in Southern forage systems. However, data are limited on which harvest management strategy (HMS) optimizes the use of alfalfa‐bermudagrass (ABG) mixtures in the Southern US. A two‐year study evaluated ABG mixtures under three HMS [cut only (CO), graze only (GO), or cut and graze (CG)].in Headland, AL and Tifton, GA. Alfalfa‐bermudagrass mixtures utilized in this evaluation were ‘Bulldog 805’ alfalfa that was interseeded into ‘Tifton 85’ bermudagrass. Treatments were evaluated for forage, animal, and total system performance. Herbage accumulation varied by year and location (p < .01), but the number of harvests ultimately determined the total forage produced. Forage allowance was never limiting but did differ among treatments at Tifton, GA (p = .02). The CG HMS allowed for similar daily (p > .06) and liveweight gains (p > .56) on fewer days of grazing as compared to the GO treatments. The greater alfalfa percentage in the CG HMS translated to greater total digestible nutrients (TDN) and crude protein (CP), though not always statistically different. The CO HMS maximized system performance when evaluated for total gain (actual gains + predicted gains). However, the CG management allowed for more production opportunities across the season, thereby reducing economic risk. Future research should focus on evaluating the economic implications of introducing each HMS into ABG systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate, over a period of five years, the cortical maturation of the central auditory pathways and its impacts on the auditory and oral language development of children with effective use and without effective use of a Cochlear Implant (CI). A case series study was conducted with seven children who were CI users and seven children with normal hearing, with age- and gender-matched to CI users. The assessment was performed by long-latency auditory evoked potentials and auditory and oral language behavioral protocols. The results pronounced P1 latency decrease in all CI users in the first nine months. Over five years, five children with effective CI use presented decrease or stabilization of P1 latency and a gradual development of auditory and oral language skills, although, for most of the children, the electrophysiological and behavior results remained poor than their hearing peers' results. Two children who stopped the effective use of CI after the first year of activation had worsened auditory and oral language behavioral skills and presented increased P1 latency. A negative correlation was observed between behavioral measures and the P1 latency, the P1 component being considered an important clinical resource capable of measuring the cortical maturation and the behavioral evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Mucopolysaccharidosis is a group of progressive hereditary diseases. • Individuals with mucopolysaccharidosis are risk of auditory pathway impairment. • Audiological assessments of peripheral and central auditory pathways. • Sensorineural hearing loss in Individuals with mucopolysaccharidosis. To investigate the peripheral and central auditory pathways in mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) individuals. The research sample comprised 15 individuals (one female and 14 males), aged 8 to 46 years. The following procedures were used: medical history survey, otoscopy, speech and pure-tone threshold audiometry, acoustic immittance measures, and central auditory pathway assessment with brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) and long-latency auditory evoked potentials (LLAEP). The pure-tone audiometry identified hearing loss in 13 individuals, and more than 90 % of the hearing loss was sensorineural. The degree of hearing loss was between mild to moderately severe with descendent configuration. Type A tympanogram predominated, and acoustic reflexes were present according to the types and degrees of hearing loss. Among the individuals with abnormal BAEP, longer wave III and V absolute latencies were the main findings. In addition, the unilateral absence of wave I was observed in two cases. In the LLAEP, longer latencies were observed in 14 individuals, and the most impaired components were the P1 and P3 in children and adolescents and the P2, N2 and P3 in adult individuals. The peripheral auditory pathway assessment revealed a predominantly sensorineural hearing loss, affecting mainly high frequencies, and in the central pathway was observed abnormal brainstem and cortical auditory processing in individuals with MPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is the profile of microRNA (miRNA) altered in cumulus cells of infertile women with early (EI/II) and advanced (EIII/IV) endometriosis? In this prospective case–control study, a miRNA profile including 754 targets was evaluated in samples of cumulus cells from infertile women with endometriosis (5 EI/II, 5 EIII/IV) and infertile controls (5, male and/or tubal factor) undergoing ovarian stimulation for intracytoplasmic sperm injection, using TaqMan® Array Human MicroRNA Cards A and B. The groups were compared with Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by Benjamini–Hochberg correction and Dunn's post hoc test. An in silico enrichment analysis was performed to list the possibly altered pathways in which the altered miRNA target genes are involved. Only the miRNA miR-532-3p showed significant differences among the analysed groups, being down-regulated in the EIII/IV group compared with the infertile control group, as well as compared with the EI/II group. The enrichment analysis showed that some genes regulated by this miRNA are involved in important pathways for the acquisition of oocyte competence, such as the oxytocin, calcium, Wnt, FoxO, ErbB and Ras signalling pathways, as well as the oocyte meiosis pathway. The present findings bring new perspectives to understanding the follicular microenvironment of infertile women with different stages of endometriosis. It is suggested that the dysregulation of miR-532-3p may be a potential mechanism involved in the aetiopathogenesis of endometriosis-related infertility. Further studies are needed to evaluate these pathways in cumulus cells of infertile women with the disease, as well as their impact on the acquisition of oocyte competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to understand the care for the frail elderly provided by family-related inpatient caregivers, as well as their interaction with the Family Health Strategy, from the perspective of caregivers. Method: exploratory-descriptive, qualitative study conducted with 17 informal family-related caregivers of frail elderly from a Family Health Strategy in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data collected between September/2019 and February/2020, through an interview with semi-structured script and questionnaire. Content analysis was performed, thematic type. Results: most caregivers were women, 26-79 years old, white and brown, married and low schooling. Effective communication between the health team and the family/elderly caregiver, to the detriment of high turnover of professionals of the Family Health Strategy, excessive demand for functions and lack of training and technical ability of the caregiver. Final thoughts: care for the frail elderly belonged to the female universe and aroused a mixture of feelings. Interaction between caregivers and family health strategy was generally mediated by the Community Health Agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to analyze the therapeutic itinerary of health workers diagnosed with COVID-19. Method: qualitative study conducted with 132 health workers diagnosed with COVID-19. Data were collected using a semi-structured form sent through the social media and processed with the Interface de R pour Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires, according to the Descending Hierarchical Classification. Results: the participants included 116 women and 16 men with 14 different professions within the health field. Five classes of excerpts emerged from the text, revealing the therapeutic itinerary from the onset of symptoms, up to referrals for testing and confirming COVID-19. Additionally, the aspects that facilitated or hindered access to testing in healthcare units were identified, in addition to misinformation and the need for workers to pay for the tests to obtain a diagnosis. Conclusion: this study's results show the difficulties health workers experienced to access the tests and related information and the delay in accessing the results and obtaining a sick leave to remain in isolation at home. The health workers who did not get support in terms of management and monitoring from the facilities where they worked adopted an active search. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carvacrol (CARV), has been shown to possess various pharmacological properties, especially in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. We evaluated the antihypertensive effect of the CARV free and encapsulation of CARV in β‐cyclodextrin (CARV/β‐CD), and whether CARV/β‐CD is able to improve the antihypertensive effects of CARV free in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The rats were randomly divided into four groups, each treated daily for 21 days and the mean arterial pressure and heart rate was measured every 5 days: group 1, Wistar‐vehicle solution; group 2, SHR‐vehicle; group 3, SHR‐CARV 50 mg/kg/d; and group 4, CARV/β‐CD 50 mg/kg/d. After 21 days of treatment, the mesenteric artery from treated animals was tested for phenylephrine (Phe) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) sensitivity. In addition, administration of CARV/β‐CD induced important antihypertensive activity when compared with the uncomplexed form, reducing the progression of arterial hypertension in SHR. Moreover, pharmacological potency to Phe in the SHR‐CARV and CARV/β‐CD groups was increased, approaching values expressed in the Wistar‐vehicle. Furthermore, CARV/β‐CD reduced the production of the pro‐inflammatory mediator, IL‐1β, and increased anti‐inflammatory cytokine, IL‐10. Together, these results produced evidence that the encapsulation of CARV in β‐CD can improve cardiovascular activity, showing potential anti‐inflammatory and antihypertensive effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) is the most commonly used and discussed fuzzy clustering algorithm in the literature. Nevertheless, it is well known that the performance of FCM is strongly affected by the selection of the initial cluster centers. In other words, the selection of a good set of initial cluster centers plays an important role in the performance of this algorithm. The most common selection method is the trial-and-test random method, in which each execution is performed with different initial centers, randomly generated, resulting in different dataset partitions. This paper proposes two methods to obtain the initial cluster centers which are applied in FCM and its variants. The proposed methods are deterministic, since, for each data set and number of clusters, they will always provide the same cluster centers set. The main advantage of these methods is to provide high quality partitions faster than the original methods as well as other FCM and ckMeans-based algorithms with deterministic selection of cluster centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long‐term stand persistence is a desirable characteristic of sustainable grassland ecosystems, and tillering dynamics is an important determinant of persistence. Grazing intensity and nutrient supply affect tiller density, weight, and survival. Understanding the relationships among these factors can help optimize performance of grazed pastures. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of canopy height (10, 25, and 40 cm; maintained under mimicked continuous stocking) and N fertilization (50 and 250 kg ha−1 yr−1) on the tiller dynamics and canopy stability index (SI) of 'Mulato II' hybrid brachiariagrass (Brachiaria spp. syn. Urochloa spp.) during two growing seasons. Tiller population density (TPD) increased by 9% with greater N fertilization and decreased linearly from 1,130 to 900 tillers m−2 as canopy height increased from 10 to 40 cm. Tiller weight (TW) increased from 0.39 to 1.46 g as canopy height increased from 10 to 40 cm, but TW decreased by 9% with a greater N rate. Tiller appearance rate increased by 30% and tiller survival rate (TSR) decreased by 13.5% as N rate increased. The TSR was greater for 25‐ and 40‐cm than for 10‐cm canopies (81, 82, and 74 tillers per 100 tillers per 30 d, respectively). The SI increased from 0.91 to 1.0 with increasing canopy height from 10 to 40 cm. Mulato II canopies followed the tiller size–density compensation mechanism, displaying phenotypic plasticity in response to canopy height, but these results suggest a 25‐cm canopy height is near optimal for continuously stocked Mulato II brachiariagrass pastures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To develop a nursing care instrument to guide the care of children and adolescents with cancer in palliative care in the Pediatric Oncology Intensive Care Center. Methodology: Methodological research, whose scenario was a federal unit specialized in cancer treatment, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Nursing records were analyzed in the medical records of children and adolescents, for the elaboration of a care instrument containing nursing history, based on the four dimensions of palliative care, diagnoses, interventions and their expected results. Results: an instrument was elaborated according to the Nursing Process, containing a history in addition to the NANDA-I-NIC-NOC link. Conclusion: this instrument aims to serve as a basis for nurses to perform the nursing process for children and adolescents in palliative care admitted to the Pediatric Oncology Intensive Care Center, as it is scientifically proven to be effective in improving the quality of nursing care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aimed to understand the climatic aspects and thermal comfort in the city of Palmas, state of Tocantins, Brazil, based on genetic and dynamic approach of climate in selected standard-years, with thermal comfort indices. The years 1997 and 2013 were selected, standard-years comfortable and uncomfortable for heat, respectively. In both, three standard-periods were identified: the first, rainy (summer/early autumn), with variable rhythm of stable and unstable weather types; the second, dry (late autumn/winter), with more atmospheric stability; and the latter, rainy (spring), which in addition to greater variance of climatic elements, it presented heat peaks at the beginning of the period. In relation to 1997, the year 2013 showed: higher temperatures and thermal indices; less precipitation and ventilation; more episodes of excessive-heat; longer dry period; higher frequencies of discomfort, especially at night, a common phenomenon in the heat islands. This configuration was possibly caused by the increase of urbanization in the city in 2013 compared to 1997. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research seeks to investigate how the emerging concept of media convergence is being practiced by Jornal Nacional in its Twitter profile. Nowadays, this phenomenon has caused a considerable change in the already existing relation of consumption of the traditional journalistic products. Increasingly, one can see the stimulus to the interaction by social networks in order to incorporate this new public coming from the networks. In addition, television, as well as other pre-digital communication vehicles, is undergoing a process of reconfiguration to adapt to the new communication flow proposed by the use of the internet and the interaction by the multiple screens. To compose the comparative panorama, data collected in 2014 and in 2016 from the @jornalnacional profile on Twitter were used. For the collection and organization of the data generated during the analysis period, the Opsocial media analysis platform was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the use of waste from the copper concentration process and kaolin processing for the combined synthesis of Zeolite A and layered double hydroxide (LDH). The synthesis occurred in two stages: synthesis of LDH by coprecipitation and submersion in a hydrothermal bath and then the addition of metakaolin for the synthesis of Zeolite A. The synthesized ZA-LDH sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), N 2 physisorption and point of zero charge (PZC). X-ray diffraction detected phases of high structural order, quantified by the Rietveld method in 90.57 Zeolite A, 9.21 pyroaurite and 0.22 anatase (% mass). In adsorption tests, the ZA-LDH showed greater efficiency in dye removal than commercial zeolite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report an enhanced X-ray shielding effect related to graphene. The mass attenuation coefficients measured for nanocomposites made of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) filled with 1.88 wt % functionalized graphene oxides (GO), pyrolytic graphite (PG), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and amorphous carbon (soot) have been compared. For 6.9 keV photons, the value measured for graphene-based nanocomposite was found to be four times higher than that encountered for the other graphitic-based nanocomposites. The mass attenuation coefficients were measured for X-ray photons with 6.9, 8.1, 17.5, and 22.1 keV, respectively. Fourier transform infrared data revealed that all graphitic composites casted from solution are in the ferroelectric β-phase of PVDF. It is demonstrated that thin films of ferroelectric PVDF/1.88 wt % GO nanocomposite, with thickness of only 0.1 mm, can attenuate 82.9% and 48.5% of X-ray beams with energies of 6.9 and 8.1 keV, respectively. Thus, lightweight, very thin, and lead-free PVDF/GO radiopaque films can be manufactured, offering efficient protection against X-ray radiation for patients and devices in radiology procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of newer alfalfa cultivars with improved adaptation to local growing conditions and dual-purpose applications has increased alfalfa incorporation into grass systems in the southern United States. The complementary growth of both species helps to extend the forage production season length, decreasing producer reliance on supplementation. The objective was to determine forage mass (FM) and nutritive value, botanical composition, and structural responses of alfalfa-bermudagrass systems managed under five stockpiling strategies (6-, 8-, 10-, 12- and 14-weeks of accumulation) in Shorter, AL. A randomized complete block design with eight replications was used. Harvested forage samples were manually separated into individual components and placed into 60° C until constant weight, then weighed. Measurements of ground cover, and alfalfa density and persistence were taken prior to plot harvest. There was a treatment × year interaction (P= 0.009) and greater FM was observed for 10- and 12-wks of regrowth (4,279 and 4244 kg DM/ha, respectively) in Year 2. This response was associated with greater (P < 0.001) bermudagrass percentage in the mixture in Year 2 than 1 (averaged 57 vs 23%, respectively). Weeds remained below 4% in both years. There was a direct relationship between increased regrowth period length with leaf shattering and lodging. Over 10-wks of regrowth, percentage of lodging was >30% and rate of leaf shattering doubled. This response directly affected leaf area index observed for the alfalfa-bermudagrass mixtures at 14-wk with a reduction of 30% when compared to 6-wks regrowth (2.6 vs 3.9, respectively). Greater (P < 0.001) digestibility was associated with shorter regrowth period (6-wk), although the values observed ranged from 62 to 87% which represents high nutritive value forage that can meet higher animal requirements. Based on results, stockpiling alfalfa-bermudagrass mixtures using varying accumulation period lengths may be a viable system to provide high quality feed and extend the grazing season length into the fall and winter. This can also be an important strategy aiming to increase diversity and sustainability in forage-based livestock systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) has shown promise in the Southeastern United States when interseeded into bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) to reduce reliance on synthetic N fertilization while also providing a high-quality grazable forage. However, data is limited when grazing alfalfa interseeded into different bermudagrass bases with stockers in the Southeastern U.S. A two-year grazing evaluation was conducted in a randomized complete block design with two replications from June-October 2020 (Y1) and April-October 2021 (Y2) at the University of Georgia Tifton Campus Better Grazing Program in Tifton, GA, to compare stocker cattle performance when grazing 'Bulldog 805' alfalfa interseeded into either 'Russell' or 'Tifton-85' bermudagrass (RAG and TAG, respectively). Paddocks (1-ha) were split into 4 (0.25-ha) sections and rotationally grazed to 10 cm using the put-and-take stocking method with two tester steers for each treatment (Y1 BW=228.3±27.02 kg; Y2 BW=183.1±20.8 kg). Paddock sections were evaluated pre- and post-grazing for herbage availability, botanical composition, and nutritive value. Stocker steers were weighed at study initiation, conclusion, and on a 28d interval for calculation of ADG and gain/ha. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4. Differences for herbage mass, gain/ha, and stocking density were not detected seasonally but were observed within grazing cycle with RAG being greater in the earlier season, TAG being greater in the later portion of the grazing season, and no difference during the grazing cycles that occurred in the hot summer months. This study suggests that the bermudagrass variety utilized in the alfalfa-bermudagrass mixture will influence stocking management decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forage-based livestock production systems are one of the largest economic drivers for agriculture in the southern USA. There is a strong reliance on forages as the primary feed source due to favorable climatic conditions and wide range of adapted species. Increasing population growth and urbanization has exacerbated the need to enhance productivity per land through improved management strategies of forage systems. An increase in the number of beginning farmers seeking forage-based livestock systems management information has exacerbated educators to improve educational resources available to reach a wide spectrum of Extension clientele. Resources created by the Alabama Cooperative Extension System (ACES) include a new online course, Forage Basics, which was released in September 2021 to provide a broad overview of concepts as forages, soils, weed and insect management in the Southeast region. A sister resource, the Alabama Forages Handbook, was also developed and provides more detailed information on similar topics. This printed resource will serve as a reference guide and curriculum base resource for Extension educators in the Alabama to hold associated trainings. A one-day in-service training was conducted with county and regional extension agents in Alabama to evaluate perceptions of these resources and potential use in Extension programming. There was a 55 % response rate (n = 20 respondents). Using a Likert scale, most respondents indicated that they are very likely to integrate both the coursework (55%) and the handbook (64%) into their programming activities in the next year, and that they often refer to the ACES resources to support their program. Suggested topics for resources included forage system for other animal categories and expansion of some of the forages topics. This information will support upcoming efforts to develop new resources statewide and expand the content for associated trainings to the handbook. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adequate pasture management can decrease costs related to supplemental feed in horse operations. However, the purpose of the horse operation may influence the level of pasture management applied. An online survey was conducted from 2018 to 2020 to evaluate if pasture management strategies used on Florida horse farms are associated with the purpose of the operation. This survey also provided inputs as needs assessment for educational programs in Florida and the Southeast United States. Survey data (n = 79 respondents) were submitted to descriptive analysis and Fisher's exact test. Significantly associated variables were also evaluated using multiple correspondence analysis. The primary function of the operation most reported was recreational (62%), followed by training (15%), boarding (8%), breeding (6%), and other (5%). Horses were turned out onto pasture full time (24 h/d) in 57% of operations. The purpose of the operation tended to be associated with turnout practices (P = 0.08). Multiple correspondence analysis revealed that boarding- and recreational-purpose operations tended to turn horses out full time or most of the day (12 h/d), while training facilities tended to turn horses out during the night or for a short duration (~4 h/d) during the day. As for level of pasture management, pasture establishment but no maintenance was implemented by 3% of the respondents, 9% implemented pasture establishment and maintenance, 82% performed maintenance only, and 6% did not implement any pasture management. Concerning types of pasture management, pastures were overseeded by 34% of the operations, fertilized by 57%, and continuously stocked by 52%. The purpose of the operation was not associated (P > 0.05) with the level or type of pasture management strategy. Results demonstrate that pasture management practices were implemented similarly among Florida horse operations regardless of their purpose. These results illustrate an educational need to provide information and resources for horse owners aiming to improve the adoption of best pasture management strategies and decrease feeding costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central auditory pathway maturation in children depends on auditory sensory stimulation. The objective of the present study was to monitor the cortical maturation of children with cochlear implants using electrophysiological and auditory skills measurements. The study was longitudinal and consisted of 30 subjects, 15 (8 girls and 7 boys) of whom had a cochlear implant, with a mean age at activation time of 36.4 months (minimum, 17 months; maximum, 66 months), and 15 of whom were normal-hearing children who were matched based on gender and chronological age. The auditory and speech skills of the children with cochlear implants were evaluated using GASP, IT-MAIS and MUSS measures. Both groups underwent electrophysiological evaluation using long-latency auditory evoked potentials. Each child was evaluated at three and nine months after cochlear implant activation, with the same time interval adopted for the hearing children. The results showed improvements in auditory and speech skills as measured by IT-MAIS and MUSS. Similarly, the long-latency auditory evoked potential evaluation revealed a decrease in P1 component latency; however, the latency remained significantly longer than that of the hearing children, even after nine months of cochlear implant use. It was observed that a shorter P1 latency corresponded to more evident development of auditory skills. Regarding auditory behavior, it was observed that children who could master the auditory skill of discrimination showed better results in other evaluations, both behavioral and electrophysiological, than those who had mastered only the speech-detection skill. Therefore, cochlear implant auditory stimulation facilitated auditory pathway maturation, which decreased the latency of the P1 component and advanced the development of auditory and speech skills. The analysis of the long-latency auditory evoked potentials revealed that the P1 component was an important biomarker of auditory development during the rehabilitation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oxygen-uranium (O-U) system has various oxides, such as UO2, U4O9, U3O8, and UO3. Uranium dioxide is the most important one because it is used as nuclear fuel in nuclear power plants. UO2 can have a wide stoichiometric variation due to excess or deficiency of oxygen in its crystal lattice, which can cause significant modifications of its proprieties. O/U relation determination by gravimetry cannot differentiate a stoichiometric deviation from contents of other uranium oxides in UO2. The presence of other oxides in the manufacturing of UO2 powder or sintered pellets is a critical factor. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify U3O8 in samples of UO2 powder. UO2 can be identified by bands at 340 cm-1 and 470 cm-1, and U3O8 and UO3 by bands at 735 cm-1, 910 cm-1, respectively. The methodology for sample preparation for FTIR spectra acquisition is presented, as well as the calibration for quantitative measurement of U3O8 in UO2. The content of U3O8 in partially calcined samples of UO2 powder was measured by FTIR with good agreement with X-rays diffractometry (XRD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizational learning capacity is defined by Chiva, Alegre and Lapiedra (2007) as a set of organizational characteristics that facilitate learning at all the levels in a company. The objective of this study was to identify the presence of the dimensions of organizational learning - Experimentation, Propensity to risks, interaction with the external environment, Dialogue and Participatory Decision Making in a textile industry. The research was descriptive, survey and quantitative. The sample was composed by 137 respondents. The analysis was done by structural equation modeling. The results indicated that the propensity to risk showed greater influence on organizational learning, the other dimensions also had influence, with lower amplitude. The lower impact dimension was the Participatory Decision Making. This can be associated with the survey respondents, because they were employees of all levels, whose may or may not participate in organizational decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to understand the experience of chronic disease during adolescence. Method: qualitative study with 06 adolescents experiencing chronic disease, users of a health center. For data collection open interviews were used guided by a single question. The analysis was performed according to phenomenological assumptions. Results: comprehensive analysis of the speeches permitted the identification of two thematic categories: "The impact of chronic disease in adolescence" and "Coping strategies of adolescents with chronic disease". Deprivations experienced by adolescents was made evident, fear of being seen differently by their peers, and the search for autonomy in view of the freedom curtailed by disease, as well as the process of denial and seeking technologies as support for self-care. Conclusion: chronic disease changes the daily life of these adolescents and this perception involves negative feelings generated by the chronic condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to longitudinally assess the behavioral and electrophysiological hearing changes of a girl inserted in a CI program, who had bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss and underwent surgery of cochlear implantation with electrode activation at 21 months of age. She was evaluated using the P1 component of Long Latency Auditory Evoked Potential (LLAEP); speech perception tests of the Glendonald Auditory Screening Procedure (GASP); Infant Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS); and Meaningful Use of Speech Scales (MUSS). The study was conducted prior to activation and after three, nine, and 18 months of cochlear implant activation. The results of the LLAEP were compared with data from a hearing child matched by gender and chronological age. The results of the LLAEP of the child with cochlear implant showed gradual decrease in latency of the P1 component after auditory stimulation (172 ms–134 ms). In the GASP, IT-MAIS, and MUSS, gradual development of listening skills and oral language was observed. The values of the LLAEP of the hearing child were expected for chronological age (132 ms–128 ms). The use of different clinical instruments allow a better understanding of the auditory habilitation and rehabilitation process via CI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Identify the challenges families face in feeding children with cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy, and describe the strategies used to overcome those challenges and the possibilities for action with respect to nursing care. Method: This is a descriptive qualitative study conducted in May 2013 through semi-structured interviews with 12 relatives of children in chemotherapy who were hospitalized at a public pediatric facility in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Thematic analysis was used to process the data. Results: The analysis showed the adverse effects of drugs on gastrointestinal system and adapting to dietary changes at home and in the hospital are some of the challenges families face in feeding children who are undergoing chemotherapy. The strategies they use to overcome those challenges include asking and offering foods the child likes and making food more attractive. Counseling and support for the family and the child are the primary aspects of nursing care emphasized by the families. Conclusions: It is important to conduct nursing care in a way that mini- mizes the damage resulting from the disease and its treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to determine the occurrence of symmetry equal or greater than to 70% between ears comparing the results of 226 and 1000 Hz tympanograms to the otoacoustic emissions in neonates. Methods: participants were 39 neonates (20 female and 19 male) with 60 hours post birth on average. Each newborn underwent 226 and 1000 Hz probe tone timpanometry and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in both ears. Data were submitted to statistical analysis. Results: an occurrence of symmetry <70% was observed for the otoacoustic emissions test in 74.4% of the neonates. The incidence of symmetry ⩾70% for the timpanometry for both probe tone of 226 and 1000Hz was 76.9% and 84.6 %, respectively. The comparison between gender and ear did not indicate a significant difference, although larger otoacoustic emissions amplitude was observed in the right ear. Conclusion: the results suggest a symmetry in the peripheral portion of auditory system, and the onset of asymmetries arising from the cochlea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Material-specific memory impairment is used as a lateralizing tool in the evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy. Lateralizing ability of material-specific memory deficits in temporal lobe epilepsy remains controversial. Methods We studied memory impairment profiles of verbal and nonverbal memory deficits with eight memory subtests of four neuropsychological instruments (two verbal and two nonverbal) in 87 right-handed patients with epilepsy associated with unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis ( MTS; 44 right - R, 43 left - L) and 42 controls, with an IQ >70, at least 8 years of education, and without comorbidities. Key Findings Selective verbal memory impairment was noted in 11 of 43 or 25.6% of left MTS cases, with 82.2% specificity, whereas selective nonverbal memory impairment was noted in 11 of 42 or 26.2% of right MTS cases, with 92% specificity. Nonlateralizing profiles of memory performance were seen in the remaining 65 of 87 patients. Approximately half (46/87 or 52.9%) of the patients had intact memory function in both modalities, equally distributed between patients with right MTS (23/44) and left MTS (23/43). Global impairment of both memory types was seen in 12 of 87 or 13.8% of patients, equally distributed between the two groups (7/43 left and 5/44 right). Significance Lateralizing profiles of selective verbal and nonverbal memory deficits are highly specific for left and right MTS, although infrequently encountered in our patients. Nonlateralizing profiles predominated in this population. These findings suggest hemispheric asymmetry memory function, with complex functional interaction of the hippocampi, and possible compensatory mechanisms in the setting of a unilateral lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a high value crop that has been used as a forage since the early 1900s in the southern U.S. (e.g., Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida). Renewed interest has increased the use of soybean as a viable and economical high protein alternative to forage growers in the southern region. The objective of this study was to determine herbage mass (HM) and nutritive value of forage soybean managed under two row spacing (36 and 72 cm) and three stubble heights (10, 15, and 20 cm). Five cultivars were used 'Stonewall', 'Laredo', 'Tower of Leaves', Asgrow® 'AG64X8', and Asgrow® 'AG79X9' and sown at two locations (Shorter and Headland, AL). Forage was harvested in July and August during both years and HM was determined. Crude protein (CP) and fiber fractions were determined using near-infrared spectroscopy. Years and location did vary, but overall, Stonewall had the greatest (p < 0.026) HM (1706 kg DM ha−1) with a high nutritive value (124 g CP kg−1, 449 g NDF kg−1, and 372 g ADF kg−1). Laredo had the lowest HM (1169 kg DM ha−1; p < 0.025). The 10 cm stubble height resulted in increased HM (1898 kg DM ha−1; p < 0.0001) but decreased nutritive value (149 g CP kg−1; 331 g ADF kg−1; 413 g NDF kg−1; p = 0.001) compared to 20 cm (179, 282, and 375 g kg−1 for CP, ADF, and NDF, respectively). Row spacing did not consistently influence either HM or nutritive values. Due to its relatively good nutritive value and HM, forage soybean should be considered as a monoculture or in a mixed sward with other warm-season annual forages for inclusion in forage-based livestock diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirty adult goats were classified at parturition into two body condition score (BCS) groups: BCI (n=16) with a score of 2.7 and BCII (n=14) with a score of 2.0. On the fiftieth day postpartum, oestrus was synchronized by CIDR for 5 days. Upon CIDR removal (Day 0), they received 1 mL of PGF2α IM and mated for 72 hours. Kids were kept with does and weaned at 40 days of age. Blood samples were taken at 0, 1, 4, 8 and 21 days after CIDR removal for progesterone assay. The BCI group showed a greater weight loss compared to the BCII group, and BCS before synchronization was 1.9±0.08 and 1.6±0.07 for the BCI and BCII groups, respectively (P<0.05). The weaning weight of BCI kids was greater when compared to BCII (P<0.001). After CIDR removal, all females were marked and mated. Pregnancy rate was higher in BCI goats (87% vs 36%; P<0.05), as well as prolificacy (1.65 vs 1.25; P<0.05) and twinning rate (0.62 vs 0.25; P<0.05). Progesterone concentration was higher in pregnant does in BCI. A positive relationship was found between progesterone level at CIDR removal and BCS at parturition (0.57; P<0.01), also between progesterone level at 21 days after CIDR removal and BCS at parturition (0.47; P<0.05), or BCS before synchronization (0.51; P<0.05). We conclude that oestrus response to postpartum CIDR synchronization appeared to be slightly dependent on BCS. However, goats with low BCS at oestrus synchronization exhibited a reduction in pregnancy rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By playing, children understand their environment, learn by complicating their daily tasks and develop themselves. Among those who have an illness such as cancer, playing has an additional role as it helps them to face situations that are difficult to control, such as hospitalization, being away from family, friends and school, and being submitted to invasive and painful procedures. Little is known about the role of playing in the life of the child when the treatment continues at home. The study investigates the play of the child with cancer under treatment at an outpatient clinic in the community, with the aim of describing and analyzing the mediators used in plays and games. The qualitative research was carried out through the creative and sensitive method, with 12 schoolchildren under treatment for cancer at an outpatient clinic. The scenario was a hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The process of analysis led to the theme of play mediators, which unfolded in two subthemes: the first is related to instruments and symbols used in play and games, and the second refers to social interaction (people and environment) in play and games. The children attributed little significance to the possible limits of having an illness in plays and games. They try to normalize their lives, they are open to relationships with their peers and transform different settings in places for playing. Providing spaces so that they can express their preferred plays means recognizing that their development needs are part of the therapeutic plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorporation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) into bermudagrass pastures improves forage quality and decreases the reliance on synthetic nitrogen fertilizer. The objective of this study was to determine forage mass (FM), nutritive value (NV), and botanical composition of 'Bulldog 805' alfalfa and 'Tifton 85' bermudagrass (T85; Cynodon dactylon) mixtures managed under three defoliation strategies: 1) hay production (H), 2) grazing (G) or 3) dual-purpose (DP) use. The study was conducted in two locations (Headland, AL and Tifton, GA) using a randomized complete block design with two replicates. In spring 2020, grazed plots were divided in four strips and every 7-d, animals were rotated to a new strip and stocking rate was adjusted. Under DP, plots were grazed until mid-July, then forage was harvested in late August. For H plots, forage was harvested every 28 to 35-d. Forage samples were collected prior defoliation to determine FM and on grazed periods, pre- and post-grazing samples and disk meter measurements were collected. Nutritive value responses were determined using near-infrared spectroscopy. There was no effect of defoliation strategy on FM (P = 0.604; mean 3471 kg DM/ha). Greater FM (P = 0.002) was observed in July and August than June (3531 and 3976 vs 2905 kg DM ha-1, SE= 263). This response was associated with an up to 40% increase of T85 proportion in the mixture (P = 0.001). Alfalfa percentage was 78% greater for DP than G (P = 0.029). There were no differences among treatments for NV responses (P > 0.05). Among defoliation periods, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber concentrations ranged from 14 to 22%, 45 to 58% and 28 to 35%, respectively. These preliminary results demonstrate multi-use options for this mixture in the region while aiming for increased forage nutritive value, and extended growing season, and sustainability of foragelivestock systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to investigate auditory hypersensitivity in WS and to evaluate hyperacusis through standardized protocols, checking if it can be associated with the absence of acoustic reflexes in people with WS. The study was performed in 17 individuals with WS, aged between seven and 17 years old (10 males and seven females), and 17 individuals with typical development age- and gender-matched to individuals with WS. Statistical tests were used to analyze the responses collected with the Loudness Discomfort Level (LDL) test as well as ipsilateral and contralateral reflex responses. Auditory hypersensitivity was commonly found. Individuals with WS had phonophobia and were less tolerant to high sound intensity, presenting a reduced discomfort threshold compared to those with typical development. However, hyperacusis was found in 35.29% of individuals with WS and was mild in 50% of cases. There was an association between hyperacusis and acoustic reflex responses, and individuals with absence of the contralateral acoustic reflex were more likely to have hyperacusis. Individuals with WS have a high prevalence of auditory hypersensitivity, with the presence of phonophobia; however, hyperacusis was not as prevalent and may be associated with the absence of contralateral acoustic reflexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, many Extension programs used web-based resources but balanced those with in-person events for interpersonal connection with producers and for individuals with limited access to technology. In 2020, in-person Extension programs were cancelled or converted to online versions. This was the case for the 'Alfalfa in the South' (AITS) program, a collaboration between Auburn University (AU) and University of Georgia (UGA). Two online AITS programs were held (May and Sept) and are examples of rethinking traditional models and optimizing resources to prioritize our commitment to clientele. In its first program, the program content was delivered through 1) a series of webinars from AU, UGA and University of Florida (UF) Extension Specialists (n = 6 webinars) and a 1-h live roundtable discussion held through Zoom on May 13, 2020. The roundtable consisted of a moderator interacting with five panelists (faculty, Extension agents and producers) answering live questions from the audience (n = 45 participants). All content was archived by the Alabama Cooperative Extension System (ACES) for later access using online resources. The second program occurred in Sept 2020 as a collaboration between AU, UF and UGA Specialists. This program included several pre-recorded short videos and e-publications on topics in establishment and management of alfalfa in the South. In 2020, the web-metrics gathered for the ACES webpage and Youtube channel across these programs sums over 3000 views of alfalfa resources. Similarly, engagement on the AL Beef and Forage Extension Facebook pages were over 3000 people. Although a traditional formal post-programming survey was not conducted with participants, an online survey was distributed simultaneously in the south region (n = 12 states) from May through December 2020 aiming to identify main challenges and limitations of alfalfa adoption. The results (n = 212 respondents) showed approximately 65% participants already invested time in learning about alfalfa using Extension online programs and resources available. This shows increased importance of online outreach as a tool to maintain relevance and connection with clientele. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The inclusion of palm kernel cake in high-concentrate diets for goats was evaluated. • Dietary inclusion of palm kernel cake provided heavier carcasses. • Dietary inclusion of palm kernel cake did not affect carcass yields or meat quality. • Palm kernel cake in goat diets increased consumers' acceptance of goat meat. This study was conducted to examine the effects of including palm kernel cake (0, 120, 240, and 360 g kg−1) in high-concentrate diets for feedlot goats on carcass traits and meat quality. Thirty-two non-pregnant, mixed-breed goats (average age: 1 year; initial body weight: 24.70 ± 3.72 kg) were evaluated in a completely randomized experimental design. Hot (P = 0.007) and cold (P = 0.008) carcass weights responded quadratically, with maximum values of 16.4 and 16.3 kg estimated at the palm kernel cake inclusion levels of 125.0 and 116.7 g kg−1, respectively. Loin eye area (P = 0.042), subcutaneous fat thickness (P = 0.013), fatness score (P = 0.014) and the morphometric measurements of external length (P = 0.009) and chest width (P = 0.013) decreased, whereas chest circumference (P = 0.037) responded quadratically to the increasing inclusion levels. The diets did not influence (P > 0.05) the physicochemical characteristics or proximate composition of goat meat. Principal component analysis of sensory attributes resulted in the separation of the meat samples. The inclusion of up to 115.0 g kg−1 of palm kernel cake in high-concentrate diets for feedlot goats provides heavier carcasses and increases consumers' acceptance of goat meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with Williams Syndrome (WS) have specific auditory characteristics, including hypoacusis and hyperacusis, and music appreciation skills. Little is known about the functionality of the central auditory nervous system (CANS) for sound processing in WS. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the functionality of the CANS in individuals with WS, based on auditory event-related potentials, as far as cognitive and behavioral aspects are concerned. The study was carried out with 17 individuals, seven females and ten males, between seven and 17 years old, with WS, and 17 individuals with typical development matched by sex and chronological age to individuals with WS. None of these individuals had middle ear impairment or hearing loss. The subjects were evaluated for intelligence quotient, loudness discomfort level, and auditory event-related potentials with Tone Burst stimuli, on the oddball paradigm; the parents also answered the MTA-SNAP-IV questionnaire. Hyperacusis was found in six WS individuals and two individuals with typical development. In the present study, WS individuals present longer latency and reduced amplitude for P1, N1, N2 and P3 components. These results, suggesting a delay and hypoactive responses of the CANS in this syndrome, that cannot be related to the cognitive or behavioral aspects of these individuals, but it indicates a cortical immaturity to process acoustic stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Palm kernel cake inclusion affected quadratically nutrients intake in feedlot goats. • The inclusion of palm kernel cake did not influence the nitrogen balance. • Ingestive behavior in goats was not changed by the inclusion of palm kernel cake. • There was a quadratic effect of the palm kernel inclusion on the growth performance. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of including palm kernel cake (0, 120, 240 or 360 g/kg) in high-concentrate diets for feedlot goats on digestibility, nitrogen metabolism, ingestive behavior and performance. Thirty-two non-pregnant, mixed-breed goats (average age: 1 year; initial body weight: 24.70 ± 3.72 kg) were evaluated in a completely randomized experimental design. The intake of nutritional fractions responded quadratically (P< 0.05) to dietary inclusion of palm kernel cake, whereas the digestibility coefficients of dry matter (P= 0.010) and organic matter (P= 0.006) decreased. Fecal (P< 0.001) and urinary (P= 0.005) excretions of nitrogen also decreased. Plasma gamma glutamyl transferase concentrations decreased (P= 0.017), whereas a quadratic response was observed for the serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (P= 0.017) and aspartate aminotransferase (P= 0.003). Daily weight gain also responded quadratically (P= 0.013), with maximum gain estimated at the palm kernel cake inclusion level of 107.7 g/kg. Palm kernel cake inclusion levels of up to 107.7 g/kg are recommended for high-concentrate diets for feedlot goats, as they improve production performance and do not compromise metabolic or behavior parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a versatile and low-cost polymer with high biocompatibility, mechanical strength, chemical resistance, thermal stability, and ferroelectricity. This material has been widely used in many applications, ranging from membranes to electronic devices. In this study, self-supporting, flexible, and lightweight PVDF films were prepared by an evaporation route using a low-toxicity solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide - DMSO). Graphene oxide (GO) and anatase titania (TiO2) were incorporated into the PVDF after preparing DMSO-based suspensions of these materials. The prepared materials were examined in terms of their structural, electrical, and wetting properties before and after exposure to near ultraviolet (UV-A) light. Substantial structural changes took place after incorporating GO and TiO2 into PVDF. Such modifications were accompanied by dramatic changes in the wetting and electrical properties of the PVDF. UV-A light caused the formation of surface defects on PVDF and GO films. In addition, it promoted the photoreduction of GO into reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Composites containing TiO2 showed high resistance to UV-A light, probably because titania particles absorb the incoming photons and shield the polymer matrix. This study provides new insights into the synthesis and characterization of PVDF/TiO2/GO composite films, which may be useful for many applications, including flexible electronics, solar cells, and biomedical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To elaborate and validate a video with a cartoon directed to family caregivers about the home bath of the fullterm newborn. Methods: Methodological study, developed in five stages: 1st: search of themes; 2nd: theoretical study; 3rd: preparation of the educational video with cartoon; 4th: validation by expert judges; 5th: adequacy of the educational video. Validation by the expert judges occurred via online form. The Content Validity Index was used, with an established minimum value of 0.8. Results: Twenty judges participated in the validation. In the overall evaluation, the Content Validity Index was 0.99 and among the evaluative items, functionality, usability, efficiency, audiovisual technique, environment and procedure, there was a variation from 0.95 to 1. Improvements were suggested by the judges, being considered and modified for the final version of educational technology. Conclusion: The educational video about the home bath of the full-term newborn was satisfactorily validated by expert judges in the field of nursing and social communication. The video is available for sharing by different social media for free and free use. Thus, it is believed that it can be used as educational technology with woman and family members in the health education process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this Policy Forum piece, Aditya Narayan and colleagues discuss the challenges and opportunities for tuberculosis preventive treatment in carceral settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Os micro-organismos, vírus, bactérias e fungos, podem causar patologias, principalmente em ambientes hospitalares, agravando o quadro clínico do paciente. Hábitos de higiene e o conhecimento são medidas para combater tais infecções. Objetivo deste foi avaliar o conhecimento dos acompanhantes/visitantes que frequentam um hospital público sobre infecção hospitalar. Foi realizado uma entrevista com visitantes/acompanhantes dos pacientes internados em julho de 2016, por meio de um questionário contendo questões sobre infecção hospitalar e higienização. Participaram da pesquisa 60 voluntários, sendo 46 do sexo feminino e 14 do sexo masculino, 46% com idade de 40 e 60 anos e 38% com idade 21 e 30. Quanto ao nível de escolaridade, 30% tinha de Ensino Fundamental, 30% tinha Ensino Médio e 20% tinha Ensino Superior. Sobre infecção hospitalar, 58% afirmaram que já ouviram falar, mas não sabem o que é. Quanto o que causa a infecção hospitalar 58% disseram que são as bactérias. 91% dos visitantes/acompanhantes sabem que as mãos carregam os microorganismos capazes de provocar infecções, mas 51,7% afirmaram não higienizar as mãos antes de fazer a visita no hospital e 41,6% sentam-se nas camas dos pacientes. Por fim, foi questionado se eles já haviam recebido informações sobre higienização ou infecção hospitalar e 70% afirmaram que nunca. No final da entrevista foi entregue um folheto informativo com orientações sobre higienização e medidas de prevenção contra infecções. O ambiente hospitalar é local capaz de transmitir infecções e necessita de uma manutenção de limpeza adequada e projetos educativos, para garantir a segurança do paciente, funcionários e visitantes contra os micro-organismos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Síndrome de Burnout (SB) é vista como um problema psicossocial que afeta de maneira significativa profissionais de diversas áreas, principalmente da saúde e educação, em decorrência do excesso de trabalho, preocupações, violência, falta de disciplina entre outros. Dada a importância de saber mais sobre a saúde dos trabalhadores da área da educação, o objetivo deste foi avaliar a qualidade de vida dos professores correlacionando com a sintomatologia da SB. O estudo foi realizado com os professores da rede pública do Ensino Médio, no município de Itapuranga - Goiás, por meio de um questionário padronizado por Maslach (2001). Os questionários foram aplicados no mês de junho de 2016 e apontava questões sobre como os profissionais se sentiam emocionalmente em relação ao trabalho, carga horaria, disciplina, cansaço, frustação e comportamentos dos mesmos no âmbito escolar. Participaram 38 professores, sendo 89% do sexo feminino. Segundo as respostas dos professores, 63% já se encontravam num quadro de instalação da Síndrome de Burnout. Em relação às dimensões do Burnout, 89% se encaixam na dimensão de baixa realização pessoal no trabalho, 47% com nível alto de exaustão emocional e 34% com nível alto de despersonalização. Os resultados mostram que é preciso alertar os profissionais da educação quanto às consequências que a Síndrome de Burnout traz para a saúde física e mental. É necessário conscientizar os professores sobre a importância do cuidado com a saúde e necessitam executar medidas de prevenção contra doenças ocupacionais, entre essas medidas inclui-se atividade física, tempo para o lazer, organização profissional e pessoal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its discovery in early 1916, dengue fever, a common vector-borne illness in Brazil, has resulted in extensive urban outbreaks and poses a serious threat to the public's health. Understanding the dynamics of Dengue Virus (DENV) serotypes circulating in different regions of Brazil is essential for implementing effective disease control and prevention measures. In response to this urgent need, we conducted an on-site training program in genomic surveillance in collaboration with the Central Laboratory of Health and the Secretary of Health of the Mato Grosso do Sul state. This initiative resulted in the generation of 177 DENV genome sequences collected between May 2021 and May 2022, a period during which over 11,391 dengue fever cases were reported in the state. Through this approach, we were able to identify the co-circulation of two different dengue serotypes (DENV1 and DENV2) as well as the existence of diverse viral lineages within each genotype, suggesting that multiple introduction events of different viral strains occurred in the region. By integrating epidemiological data, our findings unveiled temporal fluctuations in the relative abundance of different serotypes throughout various epidemic seasons, highlighting the complex and changing dynamics of DENV transmission throughout time. These findings demonstrate the value of ongoing surveillance activities in tracking viral transmission patterns, monitoring viral evolution, and informing public health actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: to analyze nursing practice concerning pain assessment of newborns admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Methods: descriptive study in a qualitative approach, developed with 22 nursing professionals at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was used a semi-structured interview and data was submitted to a Content Analysis. Results: the majority of the interviewees were women, aged between 34-55 years, with levels of schooling as undergraduate and specialization/post graduation. The following categories emerged: Pain identification; The Systematization of Nursing Care due to pain management; and Pharmacological and non-Pharmacological use in the control pain. It was verified that the Nursing Team assumes that Newborns feel pain, identifies pain by physiological and behavioral parameters, applies some non-pharmacological measures for its control, but does not use pain assessment scales, resulting in sub-treatment. Conclusions: pain assessment is not strengthened in nursing practice, and there is a necessity of knowledge update about the implementation of a pain evaluation scale aiming quality of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fall armyworm causes damage at several stages of the maize crop. Due to increasing resistance to synthetic insecticides the use of other techniques for its control has been growing. The aim of this research was to evaluate the chemical composition and insecticidal activity of the essential oils ofFoeniculum vulgare,Ocimum basilicum,Eucalyptus staigeriana,Eucalyptus citriodora,Ocimum gratissimumas well as the effect of their major compounds limonene,trans-anethole, citronellal and linalool on the mortality ofSpodoptera frugiperda. The essential oils were obtained by the hydrodistillation technique and the major compounds were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich®. Topical contact tests were conducted in 3rd instar larvae for the essential oil, their major compounds and for the control with acetone. The results of the essential oils chromatographic analysis demonstrated a diversity in their chemical constitution, but the most common compounds among them were limonene,trans-anethole and methyl chavicol. All the tested essential oils and their major compounds presented some insecticidal activit. The highest activity was obtained fortrans-anethole with a LD50of 0.027 mg/g of insect, with a toxicity ratio of 1194.07, followed by the oils that exhibited this substance in their chemical constitutions, demonstrating to be an effective and promising alternative in the management of this pest. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective: To build a flip chart for nurses about the prevention of subcutaneous port central venous catheter (SPCVC) infections in children with blood cancer. Method: Methodological study carried out in two stages: integrative literature review and production of the flip chart. Results: The flip chart includes forms, scripts, and figures that aim to be an easily accessible tool to guide health workers in regard to providing SP-CVC related care to children with blood cancers, presenting a total of 6 images, including its cover. Conclusion: We believe that the product at hand is an important tool for the education of nurses, thus contributing to the quality of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]