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This study assessed the in vitro anthelmintic activity of eugenol, thymol and tannic acid against the acanthocephalan endoparasite Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae. Tambaqui fish Colossoma macropomum intestines were collected and dissected for parasite removal. The anthelmintic activity of the compounds studied was tested in vitro using minimum essential medium (MEM) to maintain parasite viability. One control group and from 8 to 10 treatments were carried out in triplicate. Ten N. buttnerae specimens were introduced to each MEM plate, and after exposure to the compounds, parasite motility was observed every 15 min. The LC50 value of eugenol after 2, 6 and 24 h exposure was 1.01, 0.79 and 0.41 mg.mL-1, respectively; to thymol the values were 1.97, 0.96 and 0.92 mg.mL-1, and to tannic acid were 4.68, 1.79 and 1.30 mg.mL-1. Among the compounds tested, eugenol was the most efficient against N. buttnerae, eliminating 100% of the parasites after 15 min exposure to the three highest concentrations tested (1.56, 3.125 and 6.25 mg.mL-1). Thymol eliminated over 90% of the parasites after 2h exposure to the three highest levels tested (0.78, 1.56 and 3.125 mg.mL-1), and tannic acid showed the lowest activity, eliminating 100% of parasites after 6h exposure to doses between 6.25 and 50 mg.mL-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the search for speed and flexibility in customer service, demand management has become a key process of organizations, leveraged by the current model of competition. In it demand management becomes critical to maximizing the performance of the entire chain. Given this reality, the present article aims to identify the main difficulties faced by the wholesale distributor in the management of demand. Through the semi-structured interviews and with the help of Tropes software in the content analysis, it was identified that the main challenges in the wholesale distributor demand management are: economic scenario, team, responsibility, variability, seasonality, confidence, failure, communication, leadership and goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the in vitro efficacy of essential oils (OEs) of four species of plants of the family Piperaceae, these being; Piper hispidinervum, Piper hispidum, Piper marginatum and Piper callosum, in the control of Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae acanthocephalus that affect tambaqui. The tested concentrations of OE were: 0.19; 0.39; 0.78; 1.56; 3.125; 6.25; 12.5; 25 and 50 mg.mL-1, in triplicate, into petri dishes containing 10 parasites per plate. In this in vitro assay, all OEs studied showed significant activity against the acanthocephal N. buttnerae. There was higher mortality of the parasites at the highest concentrations and times of exposure to the OEs tested. Effective concentrations of 50% (EC50) were obtained through probit analysis and evaluated according to the exposure time in 2, 6 and 24 hours. The OE of P. hispidinervum showed lower values of EC50 (0,56; 0,54 e 0,51 mg.mL-1) compared to the values obtained for Piper hispidum (EC50 de 5,44; 3,85 e 1,75 mg.mL-1), Piper marginatum (EC50 de 2,98; 1,3 e 1,27 mg.mL-1) and Piper callosum (EC50 de 2,66; 2,16 e 2,16 mg.mL-1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the creation of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) intestinal endoparasites has been calling attention to the increase of cases in fish farmed in northern Brazil. This study investigated the in vitro efficacy of essential oils (OEs) of four species of plants of the family Piperaceae, these being; Piper hispidinervum, Piper hispidum, Piper marginatum and Piper callosum, in the control of Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae acanthocephalus that affect tambaqui. The tested concentrations of OE were: 0.19; 0.39; 0.78; 1.56; 3.125; 6.25; 12.5; 25 and 50 mg.mL-1, in triplicate, into petri dishes containing 10 parasites per plate. In this in vitro assay, all OEs studied showed significant activity against the acanthocephal N. buttnerae. There was higher mortality of the parasites at the highest concentrations and times of exposure to the OEs tested. Effective concentrations of 50% (EC50) were obtained through probit analysis and evaluated according to the exposure time in 2, 6 and 24 hours. The OE of P. hispidinervum showed lower values of EC50 (0.56; 0.54 e 0.51 mg.mL-1) compared to the values obtained for Piper hispidum (EC50 de 5.44; 3.85 e 1.75 mg.mL-1), Piper marginatum (EC50 de 2.98; 1.3 e 1.27 mg.mL-1) and Piper callosum (EC50 de 2.66; 2.16 e 2.16 mg.mL-1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we evaluated the chemical composition and the in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of the essential oils (EOs) of the plants Aloysia triphylla, Adenocalymna alliaceum, Allium sativum, Croton cajucara (white and red morphotypes), Curcuma longa, Lippia gracilis, Lippia origanoides, Ocimum gratissimum, Mentha arvensis, and Piper aduncum against the Acantocephalan Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae. The in vitro viability of worms was observed after 24 h-exposure to nine concentrations of EOs from each plant. Lower EC50 values were obtained for M. arvensis, L. origanoides, L. gracilis, C. cajucara (red and white morphotypes), O. gratissimum, and P. aduncum. All EOs showed 100% anthelmintic efficacy in vitro in 24 h. In regard to damage to the integument of helminths, edema in the lacunar spaces with formation of bubbles in the subcuticle, body swelling, increased volume of the pseudocelomatic cavity and degeneration of the reproductive organs were observed after exposure to A. triphylla OE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]