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The densities of unloaded and partially carbonated piperazine (PZ) and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) aqueous solutions and their blends were measured at temperatures of 293.15 to 333.15 K. The results of these measurements were used to calculate excess molar volumes assuming that the volume of carbon dioxide dissolved in the solutions was zero. The excess molar volumes were correlated as a function of the CO2mole fraction using the Redlich–Kister equation. The results of the actual density are discussed in comparison with the case if no volume expansion occurs during the loading of the solutions. The no-volume-expansion model can be used to give an initial estimate of the density, while the Redlich–Kister equation is suitable for a precise density estimation. It must be noted that the no-volume-expansion model does not require any parameters except the density of the unloaded solution, unlike the Redlich–Kister equation, whose coefficients are regressed from experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to present the testing of a 30 wt% solution of ethanolamine (MEA) in an advanced CO 2 capture pilot plant. The mobile pilot plant, designed, constructed and operated by the Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal (IChPW) in cooperation with industrial partners: TAURON Polska Energia and TAURON Wytwarzanie, was used to carry out trials at the Jaworzno II Power Plant in Poland. Thanks to flexible technological design, numerous process flows sheet modifications were tested. The use of split flow or inter-stage absorber cooling is demonstrated and compared to the standard amine process. Presented modifications resulted in an increase of CO 2 recovery ranging from 3% to 8%, whilst reducing the reboiler heat duty by about 5%. The correlation of CO 2 recovery, reboiler heat duty and process parameters (solvent loading, L/G ratio) has been established for numerous process flow sheet modifications. The tests provide valuable experimental evidence for modifications described in the literature, mainly through modelling and demonstrate that flow sheet modifications, despite the increase in plant complexity, are worth considering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The densities of aqueous mixtures of aminoethylethanolamine (CAS #000111-41-1) were measured over the entire compositional range at temperatures of 283.15-343.15 K. The results of these measurements were used to calculate excess molar volumes and isobaric thermal expansion coefficients, and partial molar and apparent molar volumes and excess isobaric thermal expansion coefficients were subsequently derived. The excess molar volumes were correlated as a function of the mole fraction using the Redlich-Kister equation. Temperature dependences of the Redlich-Kister coefficients are also presented. The partial molar volumes at infinite dilution of AEEA in water were determined using two different methods. In addition, the solution density was correlated using a Joubian-Acree model. Aqueous solutions of AEEA exhibit similar properties to the aqueous solutions of other alkanolamines (like monoethanolamine) used in acid gas sweetening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the densities of carbonated aqueous solution of amines (ethanolamine, methylethanolamine, aminoethylethanolamine, and N‐methyldiethanolamine with piperazine) in various concentration and CO2 loadings were measured with temperatures ranging from 20°C to 60°C. The measured densities are in good agreement with those reported in the literature. The density experimental data were correlated with temperature and CO2 loading. Additionally, in case of the monoethanolamine, amine concentration was included into the correlation. Furthermore, an obtained correlation for density prediction of carbonated monoethanoloamine solutions was compared with Jouyban–Acree model. The fitted models are able to predict the density of carbonated amine solutions with a satisfactory precision. Presented correlations can be used either to predict the density of carbonated amine solutions or to determine CO2 loading of the investigated solution, if the density is known. The results of this paper may have an industrial application as a tool for process control of CO2 capture systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for drying hard coals using an impinging stream dryer has been proposed in the article. A series of screening tests were conducted, seeking optimum process parameters of an innovative coal impinging stream dryer using flue gas as the drying medium. The article addresses measurement results obtained for the flue gas and feedstock flow rate, feedstock sort, and initial moisture content on the specific energy consumption, volumetric water evaporation rate, and moisture reduction. The maximum volumetric water evaporation rate was found to be around 230 kgwater/m3·h and the maximum volumetric heat transfer coefficient came to ca. 2.5 kW/m3·°C. In terms of specific energy consumption, the lowest specific energy consumption was found to be around 1.79 kWh/kgwater. It was established that the relation between specific energy consumption and a product of the flue gas flow rate and the initial water (in the feedstock) flow rate is a power function. The best performance of the impinging stream dryer was achieved for high-moisture coal and high flue gas flow rates. The impinging stream dryer proved to be suitable for surface moisture removal from particulate materials that contain very high moisture. The initial tests conducted at the pilot plant successfully demonstrated reliable operation and promising results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With regard to the climate policy that has been adopted, the implementation of the carbon capture and storage and carbon capture and utilization technologies seems to be the unavoidable solution to reduce emissions from the energy sector. As most Polish energy is derived from coal, the government has taken steps to reduce CO emissions by initiating a strategic research program-'Advanced technologies for energy generation: Development of a technology for highly efficient zero-emission coal-fired power units integrated with CO capture.' This paper presents the results of an investigation of a process for continuous removal of CO from the gas stream on a laboratory unit. This study was conducted at the Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal in Zabrze, Poland. The purpose of the tests that were conducted was to establish the effect of the sorption column load on CO recovery and on the process regeneration heat duty. In the second part of the paper, a simple comparison of three amine solvents is presented as a part of the solvent selection process for further pilot plant tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Digital Terrain Model (DTM) is an important, widely used source of information about the shape of the Earth which is integral to many scientific and economic fields. The surface of an area of land is usually represented in the form of a Triangular Irregular Network (TIN) or a regular grid of squares (GRID). Current users of DTM have been expressing a need for more accurate representations of physical land surfaces. Comparisons of the quality and accuracy of TIN and GRID models has become an important topic of interest. This paper presents an evaluation of the accuracy of Digital Terrain Models based on direct survey data. Data were gathered from GPS RTK measurements of a 1-hectare area with about 12m of elevation. One TIN and two GRID models were built using interpolation algorithms: Natural Neighbor and Spline. The assessment of the accuracy of the models was based on errors in the value of the RMS and selected statistical coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The pilot plant for energy storage in the form of synthetic natural gas is presented. • The pilot-scale initial results of conversion CO 2 to methane using hydrogen from water electrolysis are described. • The impact of of process parameters on the conversion of CO 2 is presented. • Methanation of CO 2 is successfully demonstrated in a microchannel reactor. This article presents preliminary results of the methanation process using CO 2 from amine scrubbing. The studies were carried out at the CO 2 -SNG pilot plant. The installation was built by TAURON Wytwarzanie S.A. at the Łaziska Power Plant in Poland. After the commissioning, the Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal (IChPW) was responsible for conducting research. Synthetic methane (SNG) is produced by the reaction of CO 2 captured from flue gas (using amine absorption) with H 2 obtained from water electrolysis. The methanation reaction takes place in a two-stage catalytic reactor. After the compression the SNG could be used as a fuel for internal combustion engines (CNG). This paper describes in detail the construction of the pilot plant as well as the guidelines for the methanation process. Furthermore, the impact of process gas flow, reactor temperature and system pressure on the conversion of CO 2 to methane is presented. The tests were carried out at process gas flows in the range of 9.9–23.0 m3 N /h, at pressures of 1.5–3.0 bar a and temperatures of 280–350 °C. The maximum obtained CO 2 conversion was 98%. The produced SNG consisted of about 82% of methane, 13% of hydrogen and 5% of CO 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]