Search

Decision-making is an essential part of social work practice. Intuition is one possible basis for these decisions, but relying solely on it might not always be the best choice. No overarching framework for social work exists on how to deal with intuition. By building on the work of Kahneman and Klein, who describe conditions for successful intuitive-reasoning, the aim of the article is thus to offer such a framework for further research and reflection on social work practice. It can be used as a guideline for social work practice and social care policy to improve intuitive-reasoning of social workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine how pre-existing conditions contribute to racial disparities in adverse maternal outcomes and incorporate these conditions into models to improve risk prediction for racial minority subgroups. Study design: We used data from the "Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-be (nuMoM2b)" observational cohort study. We defined multimorbidity as the co-occurrence of two or more pre-pregnancy conditions. The primary outcomes of interest were severe preeclampsia, postpartum readmission, and blood transfusion during pregnancy or up to 14 days postpartum. We used weighted Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate adjusted risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals, and we used mediation analysis to evaluate the contribution of the combined effects of pre-pregnancy conditions to racial/ethnic disparities. We also evaluated the predictive performance of our regression models by racial subgroup using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) metric. Results: In the nuMoM2b cohort (n = 8729), accounting for pre-existing conditions attenuated the association between non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity and risk of severe preeclampsia. Cardiovascular and kidney conditions were associated with risk for severe preeclampsia among all women (aRR, 1.77; CI, 1.61–1.96, and aRR, 1.27; CI, 1.03–1.56 respectively). The mediation analysis results were not statistically significant; however, cardiovascular conditions explained 36.6% of the association between non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity and severe preeclampsia (p = 0.07). The addition of pre-pregnancy conditions increased model performance for the prediction of severe preeclampsia. Conclusions: Pre-existing conditions may explain some of the association between non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity and severe preeclampsia. Specific pre-pregnancy conditions were associated with adverse maternal outcomes and the incorporation of comorbidities improved the performance of most risk prediction models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lack of access to risk-appropriate maternity services, particularly for rural residents, is thought to be a leading contributor to disparities in maternal morbidity and mortality. There are several existing measures of access to obstetric care in the literature and popular media. In this study, we explored how current measures of obstetric access inform the number and location of additional obstetric care facilities required to improve access. Methods: We formulated two facility location optimization models to determine the number of new facilities required to minimize the number of reproductive-aged women who lack access to obstetric care. We define regions with a lack of access as either maternity care deserts, designated by the March of Dimes to be counties with no obstetric care facility or obstetric providers, or regions further than 50 miles from critical care obstetric (CCO) services. We gathered information on hospitals with obstetric services from Georgia Department of Public Health public reports and estimated the female reproductive-age population by census block group using the American Community Survey. Results: Out of the 1,910,308 reproductive-aged women who live in Georgia, 104,158 (5.5%) live in maternity care deserts, 150,563 (7.9%) reproductive-aged women live further than 50 miles from CCO services, and 38,202 (2.0%) live in both maternity care desert and further than 50 miles from CCO services. Our optimization analysis suggests that at least 56 new obstetric care facilities (a 67% increase) would be required to eliminate maternity care deserts in Georgia. However, the expansion of 8 facilities would ensure all women in Georgia live within 50 miles of CCO services. Conclusions: Current measures of access to obstetric care may not be sufficient for evaluating access and planning action toward improvements. In a state like Georgia with a large number of small counties, eliminating maternity care deserts would require a prohibitively large number of new obstetric care facilities. This work suggests that additional measures and tools are needed to estimate the number and type of obstetric care facilities that best match practical resources to meet obstetric care needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food insecurity poses a serious threat to children's development, but the mechanisms through which food insecurity undermines child development are far less clear. Specifically, food insecurity may influence children through its effect on parents' psychological well-being and parent–child interactions as a result, but past research on the role of parents is correlational and undermined by omitted variable bias. Using a partially rural, low-income sample of parents living in Pennsylvania (N = 272, 90% mother, Mage = 35) and their school-aged children (ages 4–11, 50% female) alongside daily measures of parent-reported food insecurity and parent and child mood and behavior, we examine how daily changes in food insecurity predict daily changes in parent and child well-being, and the extent to which food insecurity operates through parents to affect children. This method not only explores families' daily, lived experiences of food insecurity, but improves upon the methodological issues undermining past research. Findings indicate that food insecurity influences parent and child well-being on a daily basis, but that associations are stronger and sustain longer for parents than children. Further, parent mood and behavior partially explain the association between daily food insecurity and child mood and behavior, but food insecurity is also independently associated with child well-being. This study is the first to examine daily associations between food insecurity and parent and child well-being. Its implications for food assistance programs, policies, and the future of food insecurity research are discussed. Public Significance Statement: Using daily observations, this study finds that food insecurity is associated with decreased well-being for parents and children on daily basis. Associations are stronger and last longer for parents than children, and daily food insecurity partially works through parent well-being to influence children. These results are an important building block in understanding how the well-documented, long-term effects of food insecurity on child outcomes develop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A crisis can be described as subjective experience that threatens and overwhelms a person's ability to handle a specific situation. In dealing with crises some people are looking for support from professionals. The "professional relationship" between people experiencing a crisis and professionals plays an important role in the successful management of a crisis which has been widely researched in many contexts. However, regarding outpatient services (e. g. crisis resolution home treatment teams), yet empirical evidence remains limited. Objective: We aim to explore descriptions of supportive professional relationships during outpatient crisis interventions in empirical literature. Accordingly, a scoping review was conducted to identify types of evidence, map the key concepts, and point out research gaps. Methods: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Social Science Citation Index were searched for studies reporting empirical data on the professional relationship between people experiencing a crisis (18+) and professionals (e. g. social workers, psychiatrists) during a crisis intervention, defined as a short-term, face-to-face, low threshold, time-limited, outpatient, and voluntary intervention to cope with crises. Studies were excluded if they were published before 2007, in languages other than English and German, and if they couldn't be accessed. Included studies were summarized, compared, and synthesized using qualitative content analyses. Results: 3.741 records were identified, of which 8 met the eligibility criteria. Only one study directly focused on the relationship; the others addressed varied aspects. Two studies explored the perspectives of service users, five focused on those of the professionals and one study examined both. The empirical literature was categorized into three main themes: strategies used to develop a supportive professional relationship, factors influencing the relationship and the nature of these relationships. Discussion: The results reveal a gap in understanding the nature of supportive professional relationships from the service users' perspective, as well as how professionals construct these relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first Harm Reduction DACH Conference [DACH = D (Germany), A (Austria), CH (Switzerland)] took place in Vienna on June 23rd, 2023, and focused on tobacco harm reduction. It is the first conference bringing together various experts of all three German-speaking countries to shed light on the subject of destigmatization and tobacco harm reduction and to share their experiences with the audience. All in all, the first German-speaking harm reduction conference has the goal to discuss and expand harm reduction in the German-speaking countries. This meeting report gives a brief overview of the conference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Residential instability predicts child behavior dysfunction at home and at school. • Within-year teacher turnover only negatively affects children's school behavior. • Associations largely emerge in times of economic turmoil for Head Start children. • Teacher turnover and residential instability do not jointly predict child behavior. This paper explored whether within-year teacher turnover and residential instability jointly predict child behaviors when they co-occur. Specifically, we investigated this question in a nationally representative sample of Head Start children using the Family and Child Experiences Survey (FACES), in the years before and after the Great Recession (2006-2009); a sample and a time in which there were high rates of both turnover and residential moves. A secondary question we asked was whether children's behavior problems were only expressed in the context in which they experienced instability, such as behavior problems emerging in the classroom in response to teacher turnover, or more globally, such as seeing these behaviors at home and school. Results indicated that experiencing both forms of instability contemporaneously did not uniquely predict children's negative behaviors. However, they did find that residential instability was associated with children's behaviors both at home and school, whereas teacher turnover only predicted children's school behaviors. Notably, these effects largely emerged in the time leading up to the Great Recession; afterwards, neither form of instability consistently predicted children's negative behaviors. These findings suggest that during times of economic turmoil, residential moves are associated with larger disruptions to children's well-being, emphasizing a need for policies that act as stabilizers, such as suspending evictions. They similarly signal a need for more teacher supports during this time, as both turnover and residential instability are associated with disruptive classroom behaviors that could be difficult to manage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People in crisis sometimes seek professional support, and the relationship between service users and professionals is crucial in overcoming the crisis. To understand the relationship needs of people in crisis, 29 semi-structured interviews with service users were conducted and analyzed using a grounded-theory approach. The findings reveal that people in crisis seek a professional who is there for them, recognizes the crisis as an emergency and a solvable situation, treats them with respect, and offers individual support. Furthermore, there needs to be a general fit between professionals, the support services, and service users for a supportive relationship to be established. However, two main aspects were discovered where service users differ depending on the resources they can access during the crisis: While people with access to many resources seek a rather distant and egalitarian relationship, those with access to fewer resources prefer more intimate and hierarchical relationships with professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-9/11 U.S. veterans and servicemembers are at increased risk for suicide, indicating an important need to identify and mitigate suicidal ideation and behaviors in this population. Using data modeling techniques, we examined correlates of suicidal ideation and behavior at intake in 261 Post-9/11 veterans and servicemembers seeking mental health treatment. Our sample endorsed high rates of suicidal ideation and behavior. Approximately 40% of our sample scored in a range on the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), indicating high clinical risk for suicide. Results from multivariate analyses indicate that greater state and/or trait depression severity, greater anger and anger expression, less impulse control, and lower rank were consistently associated with suicidal ideation and behavior across our models. Negative posttraumatic thoughts about the self, gender, and military branch of service were also significantly associated with suicidal ideation and behavior. Suicidal ideation and behaviors are common in veterans seeking mental health treatment. State and/or trait depression, anger and impulse control were predictors of increased risk for suicidal ideation and behavior across models. Consistencies and differences across models as well as limitations and practical implications for the findings are discussed. • Approximately 40% of veterans seeking care for PTSD reported high clinical risk for suicide. • Greater depression, greater anger, less impulse control, and lower rank were associated with suicidal risk in veterans. • Negative thoughts about the self, gender, and military branch were also significantly associated with suicidal risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hippo signaling, an evolutionarily conserved kinase cascade involved in organ size control, plays key roles in various tissue developmental processes, but its role in craniofacial development remains poorly understood. Using the transgenic Wnt1-Cre2 driver, we inactivated the Hippo signaling components Lats1 and Lats2 in the cranial neuroepithelium of mouse embryos and found that the double conditional knockout (DCKO) of Lats1/2 resulted in neural tube and craniofacial defects. Lats1/2 DCKO mutant embryos had microcephaly with delayed and defective neural tube closure. Furthermore, neuroepithelial cell shape and architecture were disrupted within the cranial neural tube in Lats1/2 DCKO mutants. RNA sequencing of embryonic neural tubes revealed increased TGFB signaling in Lats1/2 DCKO mutants. Moreover, markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were upregulated in the cranial neural tube. Inactivation of Hippo signaling downstream effectors, Yap and Taz, suppressed neuroepithelial defects, aberrant EMT and TGFB upregulation in Lats1/2 DCKO embryos, indicating that LATS1/2 function via YAP and TAZ. Our findings reveal important roles for Hippo signaling in modulating TGFB signaling during neural crest EMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese (II) accumulation in human brain microvascular endothelial cells is mediated by the metal-ion transporters ZRT IRT-like protein 8 (ZIP8) and ZRT IRT-like protein 14 (ZIP14). The plasma membrane occupancy of ZIP14, in particular, is increased in cells treated with Mn2+, lipopolysaccharide, or IL-6, but the mechanism of this regulation has not been elucidated. The calcium-transporting type 2C member 1 ATPase, SPCA1, is a Golgi-localized Ca2+-uptake transporter thought to support Golgi uptake of Mn2+ also. Here, we show using surface protein biotinylation, indirect immunofluorescence, and GFPtagged proteins that cytoplasmic Ca2+ regulates ZIP8- and ZIP14-mediated manganese accumulation in human brain microvascular endothelial cells by increasing the plasma membrane localization of these transporters. We demonstrate that RNAi knockdown of SPCA1 expression results in an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels. In turn, we found increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ enhances membrane-localized ZIP8 and ZIP14 and a subsequent increase in 54Mn2+ uptake. Furthermore, overexpression of WT SPCA1 or a gain-of-function mutant resulted in a decrease in cytoplasmic Ca2+ and 54Mn2+ accumulation. While addition of Ca2+ positively regulated ZIP-mediated 54Mn2+ uptake, we show chelation of Ca2+ diminished manganese transport. In conclusion, the modulation of ZIP8 and ZIP14 membrane cycling by cytoplasmic calcium is a novel finding and provides new insight into the regulation of the uptake of Mn2+ and other divalent metal ions-mediated ZIP metal transporters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The [18.28]0--a³Δ1 (0,0) band near 647 nm of tantalum nitride, TaN, has been recorded and analyzed field-free and in the presence of static electric and magnetic fields. The fine and hyperfine parameters for the a³Δ1 and [18.28]0- states are determined. The 181Ta(I = 7/2) axial nuclear electric quadrupole coupling constant, eQq0, and the effective magnetic hyperfine coupling constant, h1, are used to garner insight into the nature of electronic states. The Stark tuning of the P(2) and Q(1) lines was analyzed to determine the molecular frame permanent electric dipole moment, →µel , for the a³Δ1 state of 4.49 ± 0.09 D. The Zeeman effect on the P(1) line was analyzed to determine an upper limit of the magnetic moment, →µm, for the a³Δ1 state. Scalar-relativistic coupled-cluster calculations for eQq0 and →µel of the a³Δ1 state are also reported and compared with experimental results. The determined properties are compared with the predicted values and the implication of the proposed scheme for determination of the 181Ta magnetic quadrupole moment is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the pandemic-induced economic crisis for U.S. families, the federal government expanded the Child Tax Credit (CTC) via the distribution of monthly payments in the second half of 2021. Studies have found that these monthly payments corresponded with reductions in food insecurity, but what is not yet clear is whether these declines were stable across and within the months of receipt. Using novel, daily survey data among a sample of low-income families at high risk of food insecurity (N = 146), we tested whether the CTC payments were associated with stable rates of day-to-day food security. We found consistent declines in food insecurity across CTC months, though smaller declines for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) recipients who experienced lower food insecurity rates, on average. Within a CTC month, we found that food insecurity was stable for non-SNAP families for the first few weeks, but spiked in the week prior to the next payment. SNAP families' within-month patterns of food insecurity, however, appeared to be tied more to their SNAP benefit timing than CTC payment timing. Both groups saw end-of-the-month spikes in food insecurity among those who received higher CTC amounts, suggesting the money may have been more difficult to stretch across families with a greater number of children. These results suggest that the effectiveness of cash payments like the CTC in reducing economic hardships may depend on family characteristics like receipt of other federal benefits and household size. Accordingly, future provisions of cash assistance may benefit from going beyond income alone and tailoring the amount to a family's benefits package. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report predictive guidelines for the substoichiometric cation exchange of model two-component metal sulfide nanorods containing divalent cations of similar hardness. Unit cell volume changes, cation radii, solubility constants, and solid state interfaces influence selectivity during substoichiometric exchange of Cu+ when multiple products are possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the topological category of |$h$| -cobordisms between smooth manifolds with boundary and compare its homotopy type with the standard |$h$| -cobordism space of a compact smooth manifold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the problem of decision-making in Markov decision processes (MDPs) when the reward or transition probability parameters are not known with certainty. We study an approach in which the decision maker considers multiple models of the parameters for an MDP and wishes to find a policy that optimizes an objective function that considers the performance with respect to each model, such as maximizing the expected performance or maximizing worst-case performance. Existing solution methods rely on mixed-integer program (MIP) formulations, but have previously been limited to small instances, due to the computational complexity. In this article, we present branch-and-cut and policy-based branch-and-bound (PB-B&B) solution methods that leverage the decomposable structure of the problem and allow for the solution of MDPs that consider many models of the parameters. Numerical experiments show that a customized implementation of PB-B&B significantly outperforms the MIP-based solution methods and that the variance among model parameters can be an important factor in the value of solving these problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gene regulatory networks that coordinate the development of the cardiac and pulmonary systems are essential for terrestrial life but poorly understood. The T-box transcription factor Tbx5 is critical for both pulmonary specification and heart development, but how these activities are mechanistically integrated remains unclear. Here using Xenopus and mouse embryos, we establish molecular links between Tbx5 and retinoic acid (RA) signaling in the mesoderm and between RA signaling and sonic hedgehog expression in the endoderm to unveil a conserved RA-Hedgehog-Wnt signaling cascade coordinating cardiopulmonary (CP) development. We demonstrate that Tbx5 directly maintains expression of aldh1a2, the RA-synthesizing enzyme, in the foregut lateral plate mesoderm via an evolutionarily conserved intronic enhancer. Tbx5 promotes posterior second heart field identity in a positive feedback loop with RA, antagonizing a Fgf8-Cyp regulatory module to restrict FGF activity to the anterior. We find that Tbx5/Aldh1a2-dependent RA signaling directly activates shh transcription in the adjacent foregut endoderm through a conserved MACS1 enhancer. Hedgehog signaling coordinates with Tbx5 in the mesoderm to activate expression of wnt2/2b, which induces pulmonary fate in the foregut endoderm. These results provide mechanistic insight into the interrelationship between heart and lung development informing CP evolution and birth defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Markov decision processes (MDPs) have found success in many application areas that involve sequential decision making under uncertainty, including the evaluation and design of treatment and screening protocols for medical decision making. However, the data used to parameterize the model can influence what policies are recommended, and multiple competing data sources are common in many application areas, including medicine. In this article, we introduce the Multi-model Markov decision process (MMDP) which generalizes a standard MDP by allowing for multiple models of the rewards and transition probabilities. Solution of the MMDP generates a single policy that maximizes the weighted performance over all models. This approach allows the decision maker to explicitly trade-off conflicting sources of data while generating a policy of the same level of complexity for models that only consider a single source of data. We study the structural properties of this problem and show that it is at least NP-hard. We develop exact methods and fast approximation methods supported by error bounds. Finally, we illustrate the effectiveness and the scalability of our approach using a case study in preventative blood pressure and cholesterol management that accounts for conflicting published cardiovascular risk models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates economic and psychological hardship during the COVID‐19 pandemic among a diverse sample (61% Latinx; 16% White; 9% Black; 14% mixed/other race) of socioeconomically disadvantaged parents (90% mothers; mean age = 35 years) and their elementary school‐aged children (ages 4–11; 49% female) in rural Pennsylvania (N = 272). Families participating in a local food assistance program reported on food insecurity (FI) and parent and child mood and behavior daily from January to May 2020. Longitudinal models revealed that FI, negative parent and child mood, and child misbehavior significantly increased when schools closed; only FI and parent depression later decreased. FI decreased most among those who received the local food assistance program; Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program receipt uniquely predicted decreases in child FI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in the United States and outbreaks frequently occur in daycare settings. Results of norovirus vaccine trials have been promising, however there are open questions as to whether vaccination of daycare children would be cost-effective. We investigated the incremental cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical norovirus vaccination for children in daycare settings compared to no vaccination. We conducted a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis using a disease transmission model of children attending daycare. Vaccination with a 90% coverage rate in addition to the observed standard of care (exclusion of symptomatic children from daycare) was compared to the observed standard of care. The main outcomes measures were infections and deaths averted, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Cost-effectiveness was analyzed from a societal perspective, including medical costs to children as well as productivity losses of parents, over a two-year time horizon. Data sources included outbreak surveillance data and published literature. A 50% efficacious norovirus vaccine averts 571.83 norovirus cases and 0.003 norovirus-related deaths per 10,000 children compared to the observed standard of care. A $200 norovirus vaccine that is 50% efficacious has a net cost increase of $178.10 per child and 0.025 more QALYs, resulting in an ICER of $7,028/QALY. Based on the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, we estimated that a $200 vaccination with 50% efficacy was 94.0% likely to be cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay of $100,000/QALY threshold and 95.3% likely at a $150,000/QALY threshold. Due to the large disease burden associated with norovirus, it is likely that vaccinating children in daycares could be cost-effective, even with modest vaccine efficacy and a high per-child cost of vaccination. Norovirus vaccination of children in daycare has a cost-effectiveness ratio similar to other commonly recommended childhood vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The (0,0) A²Π-X²S+ band of a cold molecular beam sample of magnesium monodeuteride, MgD, has been recorded field-free and in the presence of a static electric field of up to 11 kV/cm. The lines associated with the lowest rotational levels are detected for the first time. The field-free spectrum was analyzed to produce an improved set of fine structure parameters for the A²Π (v = 0) state. The observed electric field induced splittings and shifts were analyzed to produce permanent electric dipole moments, μel 2.567D and 1.31D for A²Π (v = 0) and X²Σ+(v = 0) states, respectively. The recommended value for μelX²Σ+ (v = 0)) for MgH, based upon the measured value for MgD, is 1.32D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of low-rotational lines of the E4Δ7/2←X4Δ7/2 (1,0) band system of cobalt monoxide, CoO, were recorded field free and in the presence of a static electric field. The magnetic hyperfine parameter, h7/2, and the electron quadrupole parameter, eQq0, for the E4Δ7/2(υ = 1) state were optimized from the analysis of the field-free spectrum. The permanent electric dipole moment, ̄μel, for the X4Δ7/2 (υ = 0) and E4Δ7/2 (υ = 1) states were determined to be 4.18 ± 0.05 D and 3.28 ± 0.05 D, respectively, from the analysis of the observed Stark spectra of F' = 7←F" = 6 branch feature in the Q(7/2) line and the F' = 8←F" = 7 branch feature in the R(7/2) line. The measured dipole moments of CoO are compared to those from theoretical predictions and the trend across the 3d-metal monoxide series discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The (1,0) [17.9]2.5-X2Δ3/2 band of hafnium monofluoride (HfF) has been recorded using high-resolution laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy both field-free and in the presence of a static electric field. The field-free spectra of 177HfF, 179HfF, and 180HfF were modeled to generate a set of fine and hyperfine parameter for the X2Δ3/2(v = 0) and [17.9]2.5 (v = 1) states. The observed optical Stark shifts for the 180HfF isotopologue were analyzed to produce the molecular frame electric dipole moments of 1.66(1) D and 0.419(7) D for the X2Δ3/2 and [17.9]2.5 state, respectively. Both the generalized effective core potential and all-electron four component approaches were used in ab initio calculations to predict the properties of ground state HfF including equilibrium distance, dipole moments, quadrupole coupling, and magnetic hyperfine constants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We give a new proof of an index theorem for fiber bundles of compact topological manifolds due to Dwyer, Weiss, and Williams, which asserts that the parametrized A-theory characteristic of such a fiber bundle factors canonically through the assembly map of A-theory. Furthermore our main result shows a refinement of this statement by providing such a factorization for an extended A-theory characteristic, defined on the parametrized topological cobordism category. The proof uses a convenient framework for bivariant theories and recent results of Gomez-Lopez and Kupers on the homotopy type of the topological cobordism category. We conjecture that this lift of the extended A-theory characteristic becomes highly connected as the manifold dimension increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating multiple materials in arbitrary arrangements within nanoparticles is a prerequisite for advancing many applications. Strategies to synthesize heterostructured nanoparticles are emerging, but they are limited in complexity, scope, and scalability. We introduce two design guidelines, based on interfacial reactivity and crystal structure relations, that enable the rational synthesis of a heterostructured nanorod megalibrary. We define synthetically feasible pathways to 65,520 distinct multicomponent metal sulfide nanorods having as many as 6 materials, 8 segments, and 11 internal interfaces by applying up to seven sequential cation-exchange reactions to copper sulfide nanorod precursors. We experimentally observe 113 individual heterostructured nanorods and demonstrate the scalable production of three samples. Previously unimaginable complexity in heterostructured nanorods is now routinely achievable with simple benchtop chemistry and standard laboratory glassware. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The laser induced fluorescence spectra of the 206Ã1A′′-X1A′ band of a rotationally cold (<20 K) molecular beam sample of chloro-methylene, HCCl, has been recorded, field-free and in the presence of a static electric field. The field-free spectrum has been analyzed to produce an improved set of spectroscopic parameters for the Ã1A′′ (060) vibronic state. The magnitude of the a-component of the permanent electric dipole moment, μa, for the X1A′ (000) vibronic state has been determined to be 0.501(1) D from the analysis of the observed electric field induced shifts. Comparisons with theoretical predictions and flouro-methylene, HCF, are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The J = 1 → 2 pure rotational transitions in the X3Δ1(v = 0) state of 186W12C and 184W12C were recorded using a pump/probe microwave optical double resonance (PPMODR) technique and analyzed to give fine structure parameters. The field-free [17.6]2← X3Δ1 (1, 0) bands of the W13C isotopologues were recorded using laser induced fluorescence and analyzed to produce the 13C(I = 1/2) magnetic hyperfine parameter. Bonding in the [17.6]2(v = 1) and X3Δ1(v = 0) states is discussed and a comparison of the experimentally determined properties of the X3Δ1(v = 0) state with those predicted as a prelude to the electron electric dipole moment (eEDM) measurements [J. Lee, E. R. Meyer, R. Paudel, J. L. Bohn, and A. E. Leanhardt, J. Mod. Opt. 56, 2005 (2009)] is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electronic spectrum of a cold molecular beam of zirconium dioxide, ZrO2, has been investigated using laser induced fluorescence (LIF) in the region from 17 000 cm-1 to 18 800 cm-1 and by mass-resolved resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy from 17 000 cm-1-21 000 cm-1. The LIF and REMPI spectra are assigned to progressions in the Ã1B2(ν1, ν2, ν3) ← X1A1(0, 0, 0) transitions. Dispersed fluorescence from 13 bands was recorded and analyzed to produce harmonic vibrational parameters for the X1A1 state of ω1 = 898(1) cm-1, ω2 = 287(2) cm-1, and ω3 = 808(3) cm-1. The observed transition frequencies of 45 bands in the LIF and REMPI spectra produce origin and harmonic vibrational parameters for the Ã1B2 state of Te = 16 307(8) cm-1, ω1 = 819(3) cm-1, ω2 = 149(3) cm-1, and ω3 = 518(4) cm-1. The spectra were modeled using a normal coordinate analysis and Franck-Condon factor predictions. The structures, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and the potential energies as a function of bending angle for the Ã1B2 and X1A1 states are predicted using time-dependent density functional theory, complete active space self-consistent field, and related first-principle calculations. A comparison with isovalent TiO2 is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The B1A′′(000)←X1A′(000) band system of a cold beam of CuOH has been studied field-free and in the presence of a static electric field. The Stark tuning of the low-J levels of the X1A′(000) state were analyzed to give a value of 3.968(32) D for the a-component of the permanent electric dipole moment, μa. An upper limit of 0.3 D for μa(B1A′′) is established from the lack of observable Stark tuning for the low-J levels of the B1A′′(000) state. The experimental value for μa(X1A′) is compared to theoretical predictions and other Cu-containing molecules. A molecular orbital correlation diagram is used to rationalize the large change in μa upon excitation. The electronegativity of OH was determined to be 2.81 from a comparison of the determined μa with the experimental μ values for CuF, CuO, and CuS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The P(5) branch features of the A 3[uppercase_phi_synonym]4←X 3[uppercase_phi_synonym]4 (1,0) band near 628.2 nm of a molecular beam of iridium monofluoride, 193IrF, were recorded field free and in the presence of a static electric field. The 193Ir (I1=3/2) and 19F (I2=1/2) hyperfine interactions in the A 3[uppercase_phi_synonym]4 (υ=1) and X 3[uppercase_phi_synonym]4 (υ=0) states were analyzed. The permanent electric dipole moments, μvector el, for the A 3[uppercase_phi_synonym]4 (υ=1) and X 3[uppercase_phi_synonym]4 (υ=0) states were determined to be 1.88(5) and 2.82(6) D, respectively, from the analysis of the observed Stark shifts. A comparison of the electric dipole moments for IrC, IrN, and CoF is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of low-J lines of the C 4Σ-←X 4Σ- (0,0) band of a supersonic molecular beam sample of vanadium monosulfide (VS) have been recorded at a resolution of approximately 50 MHz by laser excitation spectroscopy. The electric field induced shift and splitting have been analyzed to give the permanent electric dipole moments μ of the C 4Σ-(υ=0) and X 4Σ-(υ=0) states as 2.38(13) and 5.16(5) D, respectively. An electrostatic model is used to predict μ for VS and VO. A molecular orbital correlation diagram is used to rationalize the trends in experimentally observed μ values of the 3d-monosulfides and 3d-monoxides. A comparison with theoretical predictions is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low-rotational levels of the b 3Π-X 1∑+(0,0) band of copper monofluoride, CuF, were recorded field free and in the presence of a static electric field. The field-free spectrum was analyzed to produce a refined set of fine and hyperfine parameters for the b 3Π(v=0) state. The permanent electric dipole moment, μ, for the b 3Π(v=0) and X 1∑+(v=0) states were determined to be 2.36(2) and 5.26(2) D, respectively, from the analysis of the observed Stark shifts. The experimental μ values are compared to theoretical predictions. The change in μ upon excitation and the hyperfine parameters are discussed in terms of the proposed electronic configuration for the b 3Π and X 1∑+ states. The optical Stark spectroscopy of the A 2Π3/2-X 2∑+(0,0) subband of YO was also recorded and analyzed to precisely calibrate the electric field strength. The determined μ values are 3.714(5) and 4.542(40) D for the A 2Π3/2(v=0) and X 2∑+(v=0) states, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Zeeman tuning of the P1(0) line (ν=17 568.35 cm-1) of the A 7Π-X 7Σ+ (0,0) band of manganese monohydride, MnH, has been investigated. The laser induced fluorescence spectrum of a supersonic molecular beam sample was recorded at a resolution of approximately 40 MHz and with field strengths of up to 362.0 mT. The observed spectrum was successfully fitted using a traditional effective Zeeman Hamiltonian to determine an effective magnetic g-factor for the J=2 level of the F1-spin component of the A 7Π(v=0) state. Spectral predictions of the P1(0) line at field strengths used in magnetic trapping experiments are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sub-Doppler laser induced fluorescence spectra of numerous branch features in the B 2Σ+-X 2Σ+(0,0) band of calcium monodeuteride were recorded field-free and in the presence of a static electric field of up to 7 kV/cm. The field-free spectra were analyzed to produce an improved set of fine structure parameters for the B 2Σ+(v=0) state. The observed electric field induced splittings and shifts were analyzed to produce permanent electric dipole moments of 2.57(3) and 2.51(3) D for B 2Σ+(v=0) and X 2Σ+(v=0) states, respectively. The permanent electric dipole moment for the X 2Σ+(v=0) state of CaH is estimated to be 2.53(3) D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co‐teaching is described as the pairing of a general education teacher and a special education teacher in the general education classroom for the shared instruction of students with and without disabilities. Many teachers struggle to form unified partnerships, especially in mathematics classrooms. The MathMATES project was developed to address a need for joint special education and mathematics professional development aimed to support teachers in merging their individual strengths and expertise through shared content development and relationship‐building exercises. Over the course of the year‐long academy, teachers developed strong knowledge‐sharing partnerships that resembled co‐mentoring partnerships. We compare their progression with research on co‐mentoring to suggest a framework for developing more unified mathematics co‐teaching teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fine and hyperfine interaction parameters in the A 2Π1/2(v=0) and X 2Σ+(v=0) states of the odd metal nuclear spin isotopologues of ytterbium monofluoride, 171YbF and 173YbF, have been determined from an analysis of high-resolution laser induced fluorescence spectra of the A 2Π1/2←X 2Σ+(0,0) band. The observed ground X 2Σ+(v=0) state 171Yb(I=1/2) Fermi contact parameter is significantly smaller than that determined from the matrix isolation electron spin resonance measurement [Van Zee et al., J. Phys. Chem. 82, 1192 (1978)]. An interpretation of the 173,171Yb magnetic hyperfine and nuclear electric quadrupole coupling parameters is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of low-N lines of the X 6Σ+←A 6Σ+(0,0) band of chromium monodeuteride, CrD, have been recorded at near the natural linewidth limit by high resolution laser excitation spectroscopy of a supersonic molecular beam sample. The shifts and splitting of these lines caused by a static electric field have been analyzed to give the permanent electric dipole moments of the X 6Σ+(υ=0) and A 6Σ+(υ=0) states as 3.510(33) and 1.153(3) D, respectively. The dipole moment of the A 6Σ+(υ=0) state can be measured with higher precision because of some interesting near degeneracies in its level structure. The trends in the observed dipole moments for the first-row transition metal monohydrides are rationalized and compared with theoretical predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fine and hyperfine interaction parameters in the [18.8] 3[uppercase_phi_synonym] (υ=0) and X 3[uppercase_phi_synonym] (υ=0) states of cobalt monofluoride, CoF, have been determined from an analysis of high-resolution laser induced fluorescence spectra of the [18.8] 3[uppercase_phi_synonym]3-X 3[uppercase_phi_synonym]3 and [18.8] 3[uppercase_phi_synonym]4-X 3[uppercase_phi_synonym]4 band systems. The previously reported pure rotational transitions of the X 3[uppercase_phi_synonym]4(υ=0) state [T. Okabayashi and M. Tanimoto, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 221, 149 (2003)] were included in the data set. The hyperfine parameters for 59Co (I=7/2) and 19F (I=1/2) have been interpreted using atomic data together with a proposed molecular orbital description for the [18.8]3[uppercase_phi_synonym]i and X 3[uppercase_phi_synonym]i states. A comparison of the hyperfine parameters in the X 3[uppercase_phi_synonym] state of cobalt monohydride, CoH, with those of the X 3[uppercase_phi_synonym] state of CoF reveals that the bonding in the two molecules is significantly different. It is shown that, in a situation where the Ω substates of a multiplet degenerate electronic state are analyzed separately, the Fermi contact parameter b can be determined with fair accuracy from the apparent centrifugal distortion of the hyperfine structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A supersonic molecular beam of iron monohydride, FeH, has been generated using a laser ablation/chemical reaction scheme and probed at near-natural linewidth resolution by optical Stark spectroscopy utilizing laser-induced fluorescence detection. The observed Stark splitting in Q(3.5) and R(3.5) lines of the F 4Δ7/2←X 4Δ7/2 (1,0) transition were analyzed to determine values for the magnitudes of the permanent electric dipole moments, |μ|, which were found to be 2.63(3) and 1.29(3) D for the X 4Δ (v=0) and F 4Δ (v=1) states, respectively. A comparison with ab initio theoretical predictions is made. The Λ doubling in the low-J levels of the F 4Δ7/2 (v=1) state is also modeled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ruthenium monofluoride, RuF, has been detected using low-resolution laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) in the visible and near infrared spectral regions. A visible band, designated as [18.2]5.5-X 4[uppercase_phi_synonym]9/2, has been recorded field-free and in the presence of a static electric field using high-resolution LIF spectroscopy. The r0 internuclear distances for the [18.2]5.5 and X 4[uppercase_phi_synonym]9/2 states were determined to be 1.911 and 1.916 Å, respectively. The vibrational interval ΔG1/2 of 534(15) cm-1 for the X 4[uppercase_phi_synonym]9/2 state was determined from the analysis of the dispersed LIF. The Stark shifts of the visible band were analyzed to produce permanent electric dipole moments of 1.97(8) and 5.34(7) D for the [18.2]5.5 and X 4[uppercase_phi_synonym]9/2, states, respectively. The fluorine magnetic hyperfine structure associated with spectral features was analyzed. The hyperfine structure and dipole moments are interpreted using a molecular-orbital correlation model and compared with FeF and other ruthenium-containing molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Q(4) and R(4) branch features of the (0,0)D 5Δ4-X 5Δ4 band system and the Q(3) and R(3) branch features of the (0,0)D 5Δ3-X 5Δ3 band system of iron monoxide FeO have been studied by optical Stark spectroscopy. The Stark splittings in the high resolution laser induced fluorescence spectra were analyzed to produce values for the magnitude of the permanent electric dipole moments |μ| of 4.50±0.03, 4.29±0.05, 2.53±0.04, and 2.58±0.06 D for the X 5Δ4 (v=0), X 5Δ3 (v=0), D 5Δ4 (v=0), and D 5Δ3 (v=0) states, respectively. The results are compared to several ab initio predictions and to FeC. The qualitative trends are explained in terms of a molecular orbital correlation picture. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-resolution laser induced fluorescence spectra of tungsten mononitride WN and rhenium mononitride ReN have been recorded in a laser ablation/molecular beam spectrometer. The field free spectrum of the (0,0)A 4Π3/2-X 4Σ1/2- band system of 186WN has been analyzed to produce B″, B′, and γ″ values of 0.4659(2), 0.4554(2), and 0.0518(1) cm-1, respectively. The permanent electric dipole moments μ for the X 4Σ1/2- and A 4Π3/2 state were determined to be 3.77(18) and 2.45(3) D, respectively, from the analysis of the optical Stark effect. The (0,0)[26.0]0+-X0+ band system of ReN was recorded in the presence of a variable static electric field. The ground and excited state electric dipole moments of 187ReN were determined to be μ(X0+)=1.96(8) D and μ([26.0]0+)=3.53(4) D. Splittings in the field free 187ReN spectrum were analyzed to produce 187Re (I=5/2) nuclear electric quadrupole coupling constants e2Qq0 of -0.0304(8) and 0.0328(9) cm-1 for the X0+ and [26.0]0+ states, respectively. A molecular orbital correlation model is used to interpret the observation and a comparison is made to CrN and MoN. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous branch features in the (0,0) A 2Π-X 2Σ+ band system of calcium monohydride CaH have been studied by optical Stark spectroscopy. The Stark shifts, Stark splittings, and appearance of electric-field-induced transitions in the high resolution laser-induced fluorescence spectra are analyzed to produce values for the magnitude of the permanent electric dipole moments |μ| of 2.94(16) D and 2.372(12) D for the X 2Σ+(v=0) and A 2Π(v=0) states, respectively. A comparison with values predicted from a semiempirical electrostatic model and previous ab initio calculations for |μ| (X 2Σ+) is presented. The change in |μ| upon excitation from the X 2Σ+ state to the A 2Π state is rationalized using a simple molecular orbital description. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low rotational features of the (0,0) F [sup 2]Σ[sup +]←X [sup 2]Σ[sup +] band system of a supersonic molecular beam of RuN have been recorded at high spectral resolution via laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The electric field induced dependence of the P[sub 11](1) and [sup R]Q[sub 21](0) branch features of the [sup 104]RuN isotopomer were analyzed to produce permanent electric dipole moments, μ, of 1.89(5) and 1.07(5) D for the X [sup 2]Σ[sup +] and F [sup 2]Σ[sup +] states, respectively. The splitting in the field free spectrum of the [sup 101]RuN isotopomer was analyzed to produce a Fermi contact, b[sub F](X [sup 2]Σ[sup +]), parameter of -0.0349(4) cm-1. The results are interpreted using the electronic structure predictions for the F [sup 2]Σ[sup +] and X [sup 2]Σ[sup +] states given by Ram et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 109, 6329 (1998)] and compared with RuC and FeC. © 2003 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The [18.1]¹Π ← X ¹Σ[sup +] band system of a molecular beam sample of RuC has been recorded field free and in the presence of a static electric field using high resolution laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The Stark shifts of the optical features for the [sup 102]RuC isotopomer were analyzed to produce permanent electric dipole moments of 3.31(4) and 4.09(14) D for the [18.1]¹Π and X¹Σ[sup +] states, respectively. The hyperfine structure associated with spectral features for the [sup 101]RuC and [sup 99]RuC isotopomers was analyzed to produce electric quadrupole and magnetic hyperfine coupling parameters. The hyperfine structure and dipole moments are interpreted using a molecular orbital correlation model and compared with predictions from electronic structure calculations and isovalent iron monocarbide, FeC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optical Stark effect has been measured for the &Btilde; ²Σ[sup +] - &Xmacr; ²Σ[sup +], 3[sub 0]¹, and 2[sub 0]¹(P' = 3/2) bands of lanthanum imide, LaNH, prepared in a supersonic molecular beam. The permanent electric dipole moment, μ, for the &Xtilde;²Σ[sup +] state was determined to be 2.53 ± 0.06 D from measurements of the second-order Stark shifts in the &Btilde; ²Σ[sup +] - &Xtilde;²Σ[sup +], 3[sub 0]¹ band. (ν[sub 3] is the La-N stretching vibration, of symmetry σ[sup +].) The dipole moment in the &Btilde; ²Σ[sup +] state is too small to be determined from the Stark shifts in this band, but could be determined from the first-order Stark splittings in the P' = 3/2 component of the B ²Σ[sup +], 2¹ bending fundamental (of upper state π symmetry); it was found to be 0.3 ± 0.2 D. A comparison is made with LaO and other isovalent molecules involving Group IIIA atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous branch features in the (0,0) [12.0] Ω=2←X³Λ[sub 3] and (0,0) [13.1] ³Φ[sub 4] ←X³A[sub 3] band systems of the iron monocarbide, FeC, have been studied using optical Stark spectroscopy. The electric field induced splittings in the high resolution laser induced fluorescence spectra were analyzed to produce values for the permanent electric dipole moments, μ, of 4.02(6) D, 4.44(6) D, and 2.36(3) D for the [12.0] Ω=2, [13.1] ³Φ[sub 4], and X³Λ[sub 3] states, respectively. A comparison with other iron containing molecules and theoretical predictions is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optical Stark effect in the (0,0) A ²Π[sub 3/2]-X²Σ[sup +], A²Π[sub ½]-X²Σ[sup +], and B ²Sigma;[sup +] - X²Σ[sup +] band systems of a lanthanum monoxide, LaO, supersonic molecular beam sample have been analyzed to produce permanent dipole moments, μ, for the A ²Π[sub 3/2], A ²Π[sub ½], and B ²Σ[sup +] states of 1.89(6) D, 2.44(2) D, and 0.2(1) D, respectively. Fine structure splitting in the field free A ²Π[sub 3/2]-X²Σ[sup +] and A ²Π[sub ½]-X²Σ[sup +] spectra were analyzed to produce the magnetic hyperfine spectroscopic parameters a = 233(4) MHz, c = -261(12) MHz, and d = 410(4) MHz. A comparison with other group IIIA monoxides is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies laser-induced fluorescence and Optical/Stark spectroscopy of platinum monocarbide. Field free high resolution laser-induced fluorescence; Band rotational analysis; Nuclear spin rotation parameters; Dipole moments.