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Background. In recent years, a growing body of research has revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in regulating genomic instability. Materials and Methods. We obtained RNA expression profiles, somatic mutation profiles, clinical information, and pathological features of colorectal cancer (CRC) from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. We divided the cohort into two groups based on mutation frequency and identified genomic instability-related lncRNAs (GI-lncRNAs) using R software. We further analyzed the function of identified GI-lncRNAs and established a prognostic model through Cox regression. Using the established prognostic model, we divided the cohort into the high- and low-risk groups and further verified the prognostic differences between the two groups as well as the predictive power of prognosis-related lncRNAs in the genomic instability of CRC. Results. We identified a total of 143 GI-lncRNAs that were differentially expressed between the higher mutation frequency group and the lower mutation frequency group. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and Gene Ontology analyses, a series of cancer-associated terms were enriched. We further constructed a prognostic model that included five GI-lncRNAs (lncRNA PTPRD-AS1, lncRNA AC009237.14, lncRNA LINC00543, lncRNA AP003555.1, and lncRNA AL109615.3). We confirmed that the expression of the five GI-lncRNAs was associated with prognosis and the mutation of critical genes in the CRC patient cohort. Conclusions. The present research further confirmed the vital function of GI-lncRNAs in the genomic instability of CRC. The five GI-lncRNAs identified in our study are potential biomarkers and need to be studied in more depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) provide an ideal platform for loading various guests owing to their available space, and can be developed as a class of multifunctional materials. Herein, we cover the design and synthesis of two kinds of exchanged frameworks with multifunctional applications based on H3ImDC and In(NO3)3·2H2O through guest exchange inside the framework. The guest ammonium ion (NH4+) and [Ru(2,2′-bipyridine)3]2+ (Rubpy) are selected to exchange the dimethylammonium cation (Me2NH2+) encapsulated within In-MOF, giving birth to two kinds of new MOFs, named NH4+@In-MOF and Rubpy@In-MOF respectively. The proton conduction of NH4+@In-MOF and the CO2 photoreduction of Rubpy@In-MOF are investigated. Under different test conditions, the proton conductive behaviors of NH4+@In-MOF are evaluated and the best proton conductive value can reach up to 9.81 × 10−3 S cm−1. Compared to the original In-MOF, Rubpy@In-MOF exhibits a significantly enhanced CO2 photoreduction performance under a pure CO2 atmosphere. Furthermore, its photocatalytic activity is retained even under a 10% CO2 gas atmosphere, displaying a synergistic effect between Rubpy and In-MOF24 within Rubpy@In-MOF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of new proton exchange membranes for fuel-cells draw considerable attentions. A family of proton conductive membranes based on poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSSNa) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) combining with various additives oxalic acid (OX), phosphate (PA) and phosphomolybdic acid H 3 PMo 12 O 40 ·XH 2 O (PMo 12) have been fabricated through a slurry casting approach, and are defined as PSSNa-PVDF-OX, PSSNa-PVDF-PMo 12 and PSSNa-PVDF-PA respectively, whose proton conductivities have been systematically investigated. Among them, PSSNa-PVDF-OX shows the superior proton conductivity, compared to PSSNa-PVDF-PA and PSSNa-PVDF-PMo 12 , and the best proton conductive value can reach up to 5.0 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 60 °C and 95% relative humidity, proving the good compatibility of OX with PSSNa and PVDF, giving birth to an effective proton transport channel. In order to demonstrate the role of Na+, poly(4-styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSA) is employed to replace PSSNa, generating another series of proton conductive membranes PSSA-PVDF-OX. The proton conductivity of PSSNa-PVDF-OX is greater than those of PSSA-PVDF-OX, which is attributed to the strong interactions between Na+ and water molecules, accelerating proton movement. Summarily, the enhanced conductivity is attributed to the generated efficient conduction pathways constructed from Na+ ions, water molecules, abundant -COOH from OX and -SO 3 - groups from PSSNa as well as rich F groups from PVDF. Several proton-conductive membranes are prepared with the best value of 5.0 × 10−3 S cm−1, demonstrating Na+ play an important role for high proton conduction. [Display omitted] • A series of composite membranes with various additives based on PSSNa and PVDF have been synthesized. • PSSNa-PVDF-OX60 shows superior performance and the best proton conductive value is 5.0 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 95% RH and 60 °C. • The introduction of Na+ builds the efficient transfer pathway for protons with OX, water as well as polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

KVPC exhibit high proton conductive behaviours due to particles with different sizes. This is the first metal organic-phosphate framework in which proton conductivity has been tuned by different particle sizes. • KVPC exhibit different conductive behaviors due to particles with different sizes. • The conductivity of KVPC-S is high to 1.15 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 40 °C under 95% RH. • The conductivity of membranes reach up to 1.19 × 10-3 S cm−1 and remain no significant change within 6 h. The proton conductions of open-framework metal phosphates K 2 [(VO) 2 (HPO 4) 2 (C 2 O 4)] (KVPC) with large and small particle sizes, namely KVPC-L and KVPC-S, have been evaluated. Varied particle sizes result in different proton conductive behaviors. KVPC-S exhibits a high proton conductivity of 1.15 × 10−2 S cm−1 under 40 °C, 95% RH and possesses a stable proton conduction for 4 h. Furthermore, proton conductivities of composite membranes are investigated, and the value can reach up to 1.19 × 10-3 S cm−1 under 60 °C, 95% RH and remain no significant change within 6 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid materials PPy/Ni–Co LDH based on polypyrrole nanotubes and Ni–Co LDH from ZIF-67 templates were employed as electrode materials for supercapacitors, where Ni–Co LDH possesses a hollow structure. With the help of appreciative composition and a hollow structure, the optimum PPy/Ni–Co LDH shows an excellent performance with high specific capacitances (4.4 C cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2 and 3.35 C cm−2 at 20 mA cm−2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anhydrous proton conductivity of Im@IEF-11 resulting from the integration of imidazole and porous IEF-11 has been investigated, and the highest proton conductive value can reach up to 7.64 × 10−2 S cm−1. Furthermore, IEF-11 is also developed to reduce CO2 due to its reasonable structure and suitable energy band, and its CO formation rate is 31.86 μmol g−1 h−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review summarizes the recent developments of various photocatalysts for CO 2 photoreduction in the solid–gas mode, discusses their photocatalytic performances, mechanistic pathways, etc., and proposes a brief perspective on the challenges about the further development of CO 2 photoreduction. [Display omitted] • Various kinds of photocatalysts can serve as potential platforms for CO 2 photoreduction. • The exploration of CO 2 photoreduction in the solid–gas mode has been summarized. • Multiple strategies for the enhancement of CO 2 photoreduction properties are outlined and discussed. • The challenges about the further development of CO 2 photoreduction in the solid–gas mode are addressed. The conversion of CO 2 into valuable chemical feedstock through photocatalysis is considered as an effective strategy to mitigate global warming and energy-supply problems. The key challenge in CO 2 photoreduction is to design and synthesize powerful photocatalysts with superior advantages in absorbing visible-light, CO 2 enrichment/activation, and electron-coupled proton transition ability to facilitate the photoreduction process. During the past decades, various kinds of photocatalysts have been designed and explored for CO 2 photoreduction, and more and more achievements about CO 2 photoreduction have been made. However, the exploration of CO 2 photoreduction in the solid–gas mode is still in its infancy and the performance of reported photocatalysts are far from meeting the demand of practical applications. This review will summarize the reported literatures about CO 2 photoreduction via the solid–gas mode including the summary of their performances, reaction conditions and mechanistic pathway, etc. Besides, multiple strategies like experimental evidences and theoretical studies reported for the enhancement of CO 2 photoreduction performance have also been outlined and discussed. Moreover, we have proposed a brief perspective on the challenges about further development of CO 2 photoreduction in the solid–gas mode and hope to provide new insights for scientists in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Danggui Buxue decoction (DBD) is a classic herbal decoction consisting of Astragali Radix (AR) and Angelica Sinensis Radix (ASR) with a 5:1 wt ratio, which can supplement 'blood' and 'qi' (vital energy) for the treatment of clinical diseases. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, dementia is induced by Blood deficiency and Qi weakness, which causes a decline in cognition. However, the underlying mechanisms of DBD improving cognition deficits in neurodegenerative disease are no clear. This study aims at revealing the underlying mechanisms of DBD plays a protective role in the cognitive deficits and pathology process of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The APP/PS1 (Mo/HuAPP695swe/PS1-dE9) double transgenic mice were adopted as an experimental model of AD. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of 3 compounds in DBT was analyzed by HPLC. Morris water maze test, Golgi staining and electrophysiology assays were used to evaluate the effects of DBD on cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in APP/PS1 mice. Western blot, immunofluorescence and Thioflavin S staining were used for the pathological evaluation of AD. Monitoring the level of ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential, SOD and MDA to evaluate the mitochondrial function, and with the usage of qPCR and CHIP for the changes of histone post-translational modification. In the current study, we found that DBD could effectively attenuate memory impairments and enhance long-term potentiation (LTP) with concurrent increased expression of memory-associated proteins. DBD markedly decreased Aβ accumulation in APP/PS1 mice by decreasing the phosphorylation of APP at the Thr668 level but not APP, PS1 or BACE1. Further studies demonstrated that DBD restored mitochondrial biogenesis deficits and mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, the restored mitochondrial biogenesis and cognitive deficits are under HADC2-mediated histone H4 lysine 12 (H4K12) acetylation at the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor type 2B (GluN2B) promoters. These findings reveal that DBD could ameliorate mitochondrial biogenesis and cognitive deficits by improving H4K12 acetylation. DBD might be a promising complementary drug candidate for AD treatment. Treated by DBD, the level of phosphorylation of APP was downregulated to cause Aβ deposition to decrease in APP/PS1 mice. Meanwhile, DBD restored mitochondrial biogenesis by the HDAC2/H4K12 acetylation/PGC-1α pathway and improved synaptic plasticity through the HDAC2/H4K12 acetylation/GluN2B pathway. In conclusion, DBD could ameliorate cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice. [Display omitted] • DBD ameliorated cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice. • DBD attenuated Aβ deposition by decreasing the phosphorylation of APP at the Thr668 level. • DBD restored mitochondrial biogenesis by the HDAC2/H4K12 acetylation/PGC-1α pathway. • DBD improved synaptic plasticity through the HDAC2/H4K12 acetylation/GluN2B pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reasonable construction of electrodes materials with heterostructures is a very effective way to enhance the electrochemical performance. Herein, a series of hybrid electrodes materials (PPy/Ni–Co LDH) based on nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide (Ni–Co LDH) with zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) as the template and polypyrrole (PPy) nanotubes have been synthesized. Various precursors PPy/ZIF-67 based on polypyrrole nanotubes with the same amount have been prepared, where the mass ratio of polypyrrole nanotubes to ZIF-67 are varied in the process of crystallization. As-synthesized precursors PPy/ZIF-67 serve as sacrificial templates and give birth to various hybrid electrodes materials PPy/Ni–Co LDH with the core-shell structure, where Ni–Co LDH is closely coated on the external surface of polypyrrole nanotubes. The experimental findings reveal the electrochemical performance of PPy/Ni–Co LDH becomes better and better with increasing masses of Ni–Co LDH. Benefiting from their core-shell structure and the synergy effect between polypyrrole nanotubes and Ni–Co LDH, the optimized sample displays a specific capacitance of 13.0 F cm−2 (1858.3 F g−1) at 1 mA cm−2 and a favorable rate capability. Furthermore, a symmetric coin-type hybrid supercapacitor based on the optimized sample has also been fabricated, and exhibits an energy density of 10.425 mWh·cm−2 at the power density of 0.25 mW cm−2. Hybrids PPy/Ni-Co LDH are used for supercapacitors and show high specific capacitances via synergistic effect between Ni-Co LDH and PPy. Image 1 • Polypyrrole inter-connected hollow Ni/Co LDH hybrids are prepared. • Their performance are better and better with increasing Ni–Co LDH masses. • The optimum sample displays a capacity of 13 F/cm2 and a favorable rate capability. • Their performance can attribute to the synergy effect between PPy and Ni–Co LDH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing demand for preparing energy storage devices, composites containing metal oxides, have been widely developed and used as supercapacitors. However, the electrochemical performances of such materials are unable to be satisfied owing to the inherent poor conductivity. Herein, we employ "in-situ pyrolysis" approach to fabricate composite electrode materials without binding agents, which are obtained by the direct calcination of the mixture MnO 2 and poly (vinylidene difluoride) coated on carbon cloths, generating a family of binder-free electrode materials BE-X. For comparison, another family of electrode materials CE-X have been obtained through the conventional method. Naturally, two different families of electrode materials are prepared and exhibit different electrochemical performances. In general, the performances of electrode materials prepared by an "in-situ pyrolysis" approach are better than those of electrode materials via the conventional method, indicating the enhanced adhesion between electrode materials and current collectors could be benefit for the electrochemical process. Among all prepared electrode materials, BE-7 exhibits the best performance (5.44 F cm−2 at 5 mV s−1) as well as a good rate stability. Furthermore, a flexible symmetric supercapacitor device based on BE-7 is also prepared, and exhibits an areal capacitance of 100.50 mF cm−2. Two family of electrodes prepared by different methods exhibit varied performances, where the performances of binder-free electrodes prepared by the in-situ pyrolysis approach are better than those of electrodes by the conventional methods. Image 1 • An efficient binder-free electrode has been prepared simply through "in-situ pyrolysis" approach. • The electrodes prepared by different methods result in different performances. • The performance of binder-free electrodes are better than those of electrodes prepared by conventional electrodes. • A flexible symmetric supercapacitor device exhibits an areal capacitance of 100.5 mF cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• SOP alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. • SOP attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in vivo and in vitro. • SOP reduces LPS-induced macrophage activation via AMPK/Nrf2 signaling axis. Sophoricoside (SOP), an isoflavone glycoside isolated from seed of Sophora japonica L., has been reported to have various pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-allergy and anti-inflammation. However, the effect of SOP on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-acute lung injury (ALI) is completely unclear. Here, we found that SOP pretreatment significantly ameliorated LPS-induced pathological damage, tissue permeability, neutrophil infiltration and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in a murine model of ALI. Besides, SOP reduced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as iNOS, NO and inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow derived macrophages. Interestingly, treatment with SOP exhibited no effect on the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs in macrophages but prominently accelerated the expression and nuclear translocation of Nrf2. By using ML385, a specific Nrf2 inhibitor, we found that inhibition of Nrf2 abolished the inhibitory effect of SOP on LPS-induced iNOS expression, NO production as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine generation. SOP also activated AMPK, an upstream protein of Nrf2, under LPS stimuli. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the accelerated expression of Nrf2 induced by SOP was reversed by interference with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C. Taken together, our results suggested that SOP attenuated LPS-induced ALI in AMPK/Nrf2 dependent manner and indicated that SOP might be a potential therapeutic candidate for treating ALI/ARDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]