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An important problem in quantum information is to construct multiqubit unextendible product bases (UPBs). By using the unextendible orthogonal matrices, we first construct a 7-qubit UPB of size 11 and prove its existence. It turns out that the UPB corresponds to a complete graph with 11 vertices constructed by three sorts of nonisomorphic graphs. Taking the graphs as product vectors, we show that they are in three different orbits up to local unitary equivalence. Next, we also provide more methods to construct UPBs and present the number of sorts of nonisomorphic graphs of complete graphs corresponding to some known UPBs and their orbits. Moreover, we graph-theoretically show that the UPB is weakly locally indistinguishable in the bipartite systems of two (three) qubits and five (four) qubits, respectively. This result is applied in secret sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is the first identified protein whose function is affected by its abnormal interaction with mutant huntingtin (mHTT), which causes Huntington disease. However, the expression patterns of Hap1 and Htt in the rodent brain are not correlated. Here we found that the primate HAP1, unlike the rodent Hap1, is correlatively expressed with HTT in the primate brains. CRISPR/Cas9 targeting revealed that HAP1 deficiency in the developing human neurons did not affect neuronal differentiation and gene expression as seen in the mouse neurons. However, deletion of HAP1 exacerbated neurotoxicity of mutant HTT in the organotypic brain slices of adult monkeys. These findings demonstrate differential HAP1 expression and function in the mouse and primate brains, and suggest that interaction of HAP1 with mutant HTT may be involved in mutant HTT-mediated neurotoxicity in adult primate neurons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorder. It is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the Huntingtin gene that is translated to an expanded polyglutamine (PolyQ) repeat in huntingtin protein. HD is characterized by mood swings, involuntary movement, and cognitive decline in the late disease stage. HD patients often die 15–20 years after disease onset. Currently, there is no cure for HD. Due to the striking neuronal loss in HD, most studies focused on the investigation of the predominantly neuronal degeneration in specific brain regions. However, the pathology of the white matter area in the brains of HD patients was also reported by clinical imaging studies, which showed white matter abnormalities even before the clinical onset of HD. Since oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths around the axons in the brain, white matter lesions are likely attributed to alterations in myelin and oligodendrocyte-associated changes in HD. In this review, we summarized the evidence for white matter, myelin, and oligodendrocytes alterations that were previously observed in HD patients and animal models. We also discussed potential mechanisms for white matter changes and possible treatment to prevent glial dysfunction in HD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a significant cause of respiratory diseases and associated cellular damage. The mechanisms behind this damage have not been fully explained. This study investigated two types of cellular damage (inflammation and pyroptosis) induced by PM2.5, focusing on their relationship with two organelles (the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria). Animal models have demonstrated that PM2.5 induces excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), which is a significant cause of lung damage in rats. This was confirmed by pretreatment with an ER stress inhibitor (4-Phenylbutyric acid, 4-PBA). We found that, in vitro, the intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) dysregulation induced by PM2.5 in rat alveolar macrophages was associated with ER stress. Changes in mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) result in abnormal mitochondrial function. This further induced the massive expression of NLRP3 and GSDMD-N, which was detrimental to cell survival. In conclusion, our findings provide valuable insights into the relationship between [Ca2+]i dysregulation, mitochondrial damage, inflammation and pyroptosis under PM2.5-induced ER stress conditions. Their interactions ultimately have an impact on respiratory health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Particulate matter 2.5 (PM 2.5) is a highly hazardous airborne particulate matter that poses a significant risk to humans and animals. Urban airborne particulate matter contributes to the increased incidence and mortality of respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in humans. However, the specific mechanism by which PM 2.5 affects animals in barn environments is yet to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of exposure to cow barn PM 2.5 on rat alveolar macrophages (NR8383) and found that it induced apoptosis via the miR-212–5p/RASSF1 pathway. We found that lnc-Clic5 expression was downregulated in NR8383 cells exposed to cow barn PM 2.5. Lnc-Clic5 plays a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory role by sponging miR-212–5p to attenuate the regulation of RASSF1. Moreover, lnc-Clic5 overexpression inhibited NR8383 apoptosis by targeting the miR-212–5p/RASSF1 pathway. Co-treatment with miR-212–5p and lnc-Clic5 in the presence of cow barn PM 2.5 revealed that lnc-Clic5 reversed NR8383 cell apoptosis induced by PM 2.5 when miR-212–5p was overexpressed. These findings contribute to the study of ncRNAs and ceRNAs regulating PM 2.5 -induced apoptosis in animal farms, provide therapeutic targets for lung macrophage apoptosis, and may be useful for further evaluating the toxicological effects of PM 2.5 in farmhouses on the respiratory systems of humans and animals. [Display omitted] • Lnc-Clic5 targets miR-212–5p to inhibit cow barn PM 2.5 -induced apoptosis of NR8383 cells. • MiR-212–5p targets RASSF1 and exhibits a negative regulatory relationship. • Overexpression of RASSF1 inhibits apoptosis induced by cow barn PM 2.5. • Lnc-Clic5/miR-212–5p/RASSF1 ceRNA regulates cow barn PM 2.5 -induced apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The determination of genuine entanglement is a central problem in quantum information processing. We investigate the tripartite state as the tensor product of two bipartite entangled states by merging two systems. We show that the tripartite state is a genuinely entangled (GE) state when the range of both bipartite states are entanglement-breaking (EB) subspaces. We further investigate the tripartite state when one of the two bipartite states has rank two. Our results provide the latest progress on a conjecture proposed in the paper [Yi Shen et al 2020 J. Phys. A 53 125302]. We apply our results to construct multipartite states whose bipartite reduced density operators have additive entanglement of formation (EOF). Further, such states are distillable across every bipartition under local operations and classical communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are practical motivations to construct genuine tripartite entangled states based on the collective use of two bipartite entangled states. Here, the case that the states are two‐qubit Werner states is considered. The intervals of parameters of two‐qubit Werner states are revealed such that the tripartite state is genuinely entangled. Furthermore, we also investigate the lower bound of genuine multipartite entanglement concurrence for tripartite qudit states. Several examples are given to show the effectiveness of the lower bound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a new evolutionary computing method inspired by the seed transmission process of garden balsam. Garden balsam, a beautiful and attractive flower, randomly ejects the seeds within a certain range by virtue of mechanical force originating from cracking of mature seed pods, which is different from natural expansion of most species of plants. The seeds scattered to suitable growth area will have greater reproductive capacity in the next generation, followed by iteration until the most suitable point for growth in a particular space is eventually found. This phenomenon can more intuitively show the process of searching the problem solution space in the optimization problem. The garden balsam optimization algorithm proposed in this paper incorporates two different types of search processes and has a mechanism to maintain population diversity. Through the optimization experiment on 24 constrained optimization problems, the results obtained by using this algorithm are compared with those of some known meta-heuristic search algorithms. The statistical analysis of the experimental results has been implemented by Friedman rank test and Holm–Sidak test. The comparison results verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ink transfer rate (ITR) is a reference index to measure the quality of 3D additive printing. In this study, an ink transfer rate prediction model is proposed by applying the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM). In addition, enhanced garden balsam optimization (EGBO) is used for selection and optimization of hyperparameters that are embedded in the LSSVM model. 102 sets of experimental sample data have been collected from the production line to train and test the hybrid prediction model. Experimental results show that the coefficient of determination (R2) for the introduced model is equal to 0.8476, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) is 6.6 × 10 (−3), and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is 1.6502 × 10 (−3) for the ink transfer rate of 3D additive printing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relation between the distillability of entanglement of three bipartite reduced density matrices from a tripartite pure state has been studied in Hayashi and Chen [2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 012325]. We extend this result to the tripartite mixed state of rank at most three. In particular we show that if the state has two bipartite reduced density operators with rank two, then the third bipartite reduced density operator additionally having non positive partial transpose (non-PPT) is distillable. In contrast, we show that the tripartite PPT state with two reduced density operators of rank two is a three-qubit fully separable state. We obtain these facts by proving a conjectured matrix inequality for the bipartite matrix M with Schmidt rank at most three. This is one of the main results of this paper. We also prove it for some M with arbitrary Schmidt rank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the estimation of the number of sources is inaccurate and the expected signal is mixed in the training data, the conventional eigenanalysis interference canceler (EC) will result in the expected signal cancelation, which leads the performance of adaptive beamforming to be degraded significantly. In this paper, a robust eigenanalysis interference canceler (REC) algorithm is proposed to resolve this problem by using the minimum sensitivity-based number of sources estimation. In the proposed method, the number of sources is first pre-estimated by effectively using the minimum sensitivity function. Then, based on the eigenvalue decomposition of the array covariance matrix, the expected signal in the training data is determined and eliminated, so that the corresponding impact of the adaptive weight calculation can be avoided. Finally, the adaptive weight vector is obtained by orthogonally projecting the quiescent weight vector into the interference subspace. Simulation results show that the performance of the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the proposed algorithm has improved significantly when compared with the conventional adaptive beamforming methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the yarn end from the package surface is integral to the textile process. Using the automatic method based on negative pressure adsorption instead of the traditional manual method to capture the yarn end is an excellent solution to the time-consuming and inefficient problems caused by the latter. To clarify the influence of process parameters on the process of the yarn end being adsorbed to break away from the package surface by the suction nozzle, this paper first establishes a kinetic model of the yarn attached to the package surface. Next, the air-yarn interaction is solved using the momentum exchanged-based immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method (IB-LBM). Then, the effect of the distance between the suction nozzle and the package, the rotational speed of the package, and the airflow velocity in the suction nozzle duct on the movement of the yarn end with the airflow field are studied. Further, the regression model for the depth of the yarn end sucked into the suction nozzle duct when the package turns through a fixed angle is solved. Finally, with the goal of a high success rate, large distance, high efficiency, and energy saving, a multi-parameter optimization is performed using the Central Composite Design-based response surface methodology. The work has been proven effective through experimental validation and practical production applications. It provides a theoretical basis for the automatic process of yarn-end-capturing from the package in the textile field. • The kinetic model of the yarn end being adsorbed to break away from the package surface by airflow is established. • The air-yarn interaction is solved using the momentum exchanged-based immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method (IB-LBM). • The effects of several process parameters on the movement of the yarn end with the airflow field are studied emphatically. • Multi-parameter and multi-objective optimization are performed by the Central Composite Design-based response surface method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate simulation of photovoltaic characteristics is now a mandatory obligation before validating an experiment; hence, accurate model and parameters of solar cells are indispensable. This paper presents an improved explicit double-diode model based on the Lambert W function (EDDM-LW), and then compares the fitness and parameter extraction performance. By defining two new parameters ( κ and τ ) to separate the exponential function in double-diode model (DDM) and using the Lambert W function, the explicit expression for I-V characteristics is proposed. In contrast to exiting works, the new parameters can readily be computed by the electrical characteristics of the standard test condition without an implicit characteristic. To verify the accuracy of the proposed model, the fitness difference is first investigated with a solar cell and three different types of solar modules. The results indicate that under the same parameter values, EDDM-LW achieves the lowest root mean square error value and exhibits better fitness in representing the I-V characteristics. In addition, the optimal parameters are extracted by an improved teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm. The experimental results show that the optimal parameter values extracted from EDDM-LW are more accurate than those extracted from DDM. Based on these observations, EDDM-LW can be deemed a useful and practical model for the simulation, evaluation, and optimization of the photovoltaic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of robots in the field of Marine aquatic organisms capture can greatly improve the fishing efficiency and economy of seafood. The purpose for path planning of underwater vehicle manipulator system (UVMS) is to capture the most organisms in the shortest time with no obstacle collisions. This paper has proposed a novel cost modelling algorithm for the collision avoidance, manipulation and vehicle movement during the target capture process. On the underwater unknown and blurred environment, a novel double value iteration network with long short-term memory (LSTM) network has been proposed on the basis of value iteration networks. The proposed improved double value iteration network can predict the blurred and unknown environment, plan capture strategy with the calculated collision risk and movement cost. In the value iteration module, the use of LSTM network can improve the stability of training and the performance of the model. Moreover, a novel cooperative path planning model for task allocation has been proposed to improve capture efficiency. Simulations on robot and multiple robots capture planning have verified the network performance. • A novel cost modelling algorithm for the collision avoidance, manipulation and vehicle movement during the target capture process has been proposed. The collision avoidance model can calculate the collision risk according to the distance between obstacle and robot or end-effector, robot capture speed and oceanic current. The vehicle movement cost includes the cost of the vehicle movement path, vehicle turning and oceanic current, the manipulation cost includes the movement cost of each joint during target capture. • A novel double value iteration network with long short-term memory (LSTM) network has been proposed. On the underwater blurred and unknown environment, the improved double value iteration network can obtain target or obstacle dynamic state through comparison and approximation from historical traverse time maps with the LSTM network. Moreover, improved double value iteration network can plan capture path strategy with calculated collision avoidance, manipulation and vehicle movement cost. Compared to original value iteration network, the use of LSTM network can improve the stability of training and the performance of the model. • In order to verify the purposed method and improve capture efficiency, a novel cooperative path planning model for task allocation on the basis of improved double value iteration network has been proposed. Simulations on UVMS and multiple robots capture planning have verified the performance of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by an expansion of a CAG repeat in the gene that encodes the huntingtin protein (HTT). The exact function of HTT is still not fully understood, and previous studies have mainly focused on identifying proteins that interact with HTT to gain insights into its function. Numerous HTT-interacting proteins have been discovered, shedding light on the functions and structure of HTT. Most of these proteins interact with the N-terminal region of HTT. Among the various HTT-interacting proteins, huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) and HTT-interacting protein 1 (HIP1) have been extensively studied. Recent research has uncovered differences in the distribution of HAP1 in monkey and human brains compared with mice. This finding suggests that there may be species-specific variations in the regulation and function of HTT-interacting proteins. Understanding these differences could provide crucial insights into the development of HD. In this review, we will focus on the recent advancements in the study of HTT-interacting proteins, with particular attention to the differential distributions of HTT and HAP1 in larger animal models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A distributed, scalable and flexible fuzzy logic controller (FLC) without increasing additional hardware cost by fuzzy accuracy factor is proposed. In order to improve fuzzy logic operation speed, multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) fuzzy system is decomposed into several independent two-input/single-output (TISO) subsystems in parallel. The decomposed TISO FLC can deal with scalable requirements in terms of number of input language variables, output language variables, data accuracy types and fuzzy rules. In this paper, the systematic design methods are presented in detail, and the scalable TISO FLC architectures are addressed with fuzzification of fuzzy accuracy factor and analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) quantizer, fuzzy rules and fuzzy inference engine, and the defuzzification by a scalable divider. At last, A JTAG-TCL tool is developed to compare the scalable TISO FLC with other FLCs in resource, accuracy, and speed. The experiment results of photovoltaic (PV) system indicate that the proposed FLC has flexible control accuracy, fast response and better tracking performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stroke could cause long-term disability, even mortality around the world. Recently, Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS), identified from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and was found to have unique efficiency in clinical practice as a potential therapeutic agent for ischemic cerebral infarction. However, systematic investigation about the biological mechanism is still lacking. Herein, we utilized high-throughput proteomics approach to identify the underlying targets for the treatment of STS in stroke. We investigated the effect of STS on stroke outcomes on rat model of the Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion (MCAO/R), assessing by Z-Longa score, infarct volume and HE staining. Pharmacoproteomic profiling of ischemic penumbra in cortical (IPC) was performed using DIA-based label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique. Bioinformatics analysis was processed for further investigation. The expression of core proteins was semi-quantified by DIA, and the major protein correlating with stroke was examined using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Rats in the MCAO/R group showed neurological function deterioration, which was improved by STS. There were 423 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in IPC being detected and quantified in both the sham group and the MCAO/R group. Meanwhile, 285 proteins were significantly changed in the STS treated group, compared to the MCAO/R model. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, pathway and biological function enrichment were processed for the DEPs across each two groups, the results of which were integrated for analysis. Alb, mTOR, Dync1h1, Stxbp1, Cltc, and Sptan1 were contained as the core proteins. Altered molecules were discovered to be enriched in 18 signal pathways such as phosphatidylinositol signaling system, PI3K/AKT signal pathway and HIF-1 signal pathway. The results also showed the correlation with sleep disturbances and depression post-stroke. We concluded that STS could prevent penumbra from progressively ongoing damage and improve neurological deficits in MCAO/R model rats. The intersected pathways and protein networks predicted by proteomics might provide much more detailed information for the therapeutic mechanisms of STS in the treatment of CIS. [Display omitted] • STS could prevent penumbra from progressively ongoing damage and improve neurological deficits in MCAO/R rats. • Networks were constructed including multiple crosstalk signals such as phosphatidylinositol signaling system, PI3K/AKT signal pathway and HIF-1 signal pathway, which might be important biological mechanisms for the therapeutic mechanisms of STS in the treatment of CIS. • Differentially expressed protein mTOR might be the significant target in STS treating ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, a comprehensive modeling and parameters extraction method is proposed to describe the current–voltage and power–voltage characteristic of photovoltaic cells. This method is based on data commonly issued by commercial photovoltaic data sheet. By using Lambert W function, the improved model of solar cells is given. Meanwhile, the current–voltage and power–voltage curves of photovoltaic cells are calculated. To extract the model parameters from only three state points at standard test conditions, an optimized approach using iterative method and approximate method is presented. Compared to the popular R p model and experimental data, the proposed method shows excellent agreement between the current–voltages points. It is found that the proposed modeling and parameters extraction method has less error at the maximum power point state. Moreover, the proposed model is more realistic when subjected to ideality factors variations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A new method is proposed to describe the characteristics of solar cell and module in this article. By using the exact explicit analytical solutions, the current–voltage and power–voltage curves of the corresponding modules are calculated and simulated. In order to extract the parameters of the solar cells, an optimized technique is presented by using Lambert W function and polynomial curve fitting. The accuracy of the model is compared with previous methods in other work. Results have the good agreement between the fitted current–voltage curves and the experimental data. Moreover, error and statistical analyses are carried out to illustrate the accuracy of the estimated parameters and procedure suitability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• The tracking accuracy of three kind of tracers waas affected by the source heterogeneity. • Fluorescence indices were not recommended for terrestrial organic matter tracing. • Bulk stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N) had the best source mixing conservative behavior. Tracing decomposition of organic carbon sources can balance carbon budget and reduce soil erosion targetedly. However, tracers may provide inaccurate source information, possibly due to the instability of organic matter under different land use types. Little is known about which stable tracer to choose based on different erosion scenarios. We, therefore, evaluated the availability of three commonly-used tracers techniques (i.e., bulk stable isotopes, fluorescence proxies and stoichiometric ratios) under different mixed end-members (i.e., Woodland, arable land and grassland) via a laboratory-scale controlled experiment. Combining fluorescence excitation emission matrix (EEM)-parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), Bayesian isotope mixing model and three evaluation criteria. Bulk stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N) were considered to be the most suitable tracers for terrestrial organic matter sources tracing (Most of the R2 > 0.85, % difference < 10%), especially under Arable land-Woodland (A-W) mixed end-member, followed by traditional tracers (C/N, DOC). Unfortunately, the fluorescent indices were not suitable for terrestrial organic matter sources tracing, due to the similarities between different terrestrial organic matter sources, especially under Grassland-Woodland (G-W) mixed end-member (Most of the P-value > 0.05, % difference > 10%). Our results recommend that when selecting a tracer, not only the stability of the tracer should be considered, but also the difference among eroded organic matter sources. This study provides new insights into the validation of commonly-used tracers in identifying eroded organic matter sources accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depressive disorders induced by acute myocardial infarction (AMI) play a pivotal role in the deterioration of cardiac function, and Shuangxinfang (Psycho-cardiology Formula, PCF) was reported to alleviate heart function damage and improve depression-like behavior, but the complex mechanism in such process has not been clarified. AMI models were established and PCF was administered in rats. Subjects were then assessed in open field test (OFT) and forced swimming test (FST) recapitulating symptoms of depressive disorder. Afterward, pharmacoproteomic profiling of the hippocampus and peri-infarct border zone (BZ) was performed using a label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique, to identify contributing proteins and pathways responsible for myocardial ischemia and behavioral allostasis. Bioinformatics analysis was processed for further investigation, while western blotting was employed for testing dominating proteins to validate proteomic results. Rats in the AMI group showed depression-like behavior in OFT and FST, which was improved by PCF. There were 131 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in BZ and 64 proteins in the hippocampus being detected and quantified shared by the sham group, the AMI group, and the PCF group. Subsequently, pertinent pathways and molecular functions were further identified. Altered molecules were discovered to be enriched in the apoptotic process, innate immune response, and NF-κB transcription factor activity in BZ, as well as chemical synaptic transmission, axon, collagen binding, cell adhesion, response to carbohydrate, laminin binding, and cellular response to nitric oxide in the hippocampus. Groups of signal transducers were also able to select multiple pathways, including innate immunity and arginine biosynthesis in the heart, also integrin signaling in the brain. DEPs were intersected from the myocardium and hippocampus to screen out the protein S100A9, which was up-regulated in the AMI group compared with the sham, and showed a down-regulation trend after treatment with PCF. Taken together, we present a comprehensive proteomics analysis of rat models with depression post-AMI. Reviewing the literatures concerned, it's hypothesized that macrophage/microglia inflammation mediated by S100A9 might be the pivotal pathogenic process of psycho-cardiology disease, as well as potential mechanisms for the treatment of PCF. [Display omitted] • PCF could improve heart function and depression developed from AMI. • S100A9 is a pivotal target of depression-like behavior in rats after AMI. • Macrophage/microglia inflammation mediated by S100A9 might be a significant pathogenic process in PCF treating psycho-cardiology disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The viscoelastic models for describing mechanical behavior of polypropylene carpet yarn are presented in this paper. Since carpet yarn is subjected to tensile and frictional forces during tufting, the mechanical properties are important material features especially in vibration analysis. In this paper, the standard linear model and the standard nonlinear model are developed to simulate the polypropylene yarn tensile, stress relaxation and creep behaviors. The obtained formulas are fitted with experimental data and the ideal model parameters are determined by applying least squares. The results showed that the standard linear model fits well the tensile, relaxation and creep experimental curves, and will be employed to analyze the vibration characteristics of yarn during the tufting. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Soil organic carbon (SOC) tracing can provide important information for effective and accurate management of soil erosion. However, tracing erosion-induced SOC is still challenging, due to a spatiotemporal variability of SOC and diversity of its sources. Selection of effective tracers is a vital way in coping with these challenges. Biomarkers, which present tight correlationships with soil and vegetation, and characterized with source-specific, have been considered to be a promising tracer in tracing SOC, despite specialized analytical instruments are also required for biomarker analysis. Even so, there are still uncertain factors in tracing SOC, that is, instability factors that affect the strength of biomarker signal. A fully understanding of the generation, transport, and conservative behavior of biomarkers is beneficial to better application. In this review, several representative lipid biomarkers were compared to identify different sediment/soil organic matter sources. Additionally, the general sediment/soil tracing mechanism and the transport mechanism of the biomarker are described clearly. Furthermore, the potential of biomarkers in assessing the contributions of organic carbon sources was demonstrated through correlation application analysis. Nevertheless, challenges remain because of the potentially high degrees of environmental and analytical uncertainty. The eroded soil source contributions to sediment cannot be obtained accurately by using biomarkers alone, according to uncertainty analysis. Hence, a combination with other fingerprint indices, such as spectroscopic indices or stable isotopes, is highly recommended for accurate tracing of soil organic carbon sources. Future research directions include (1) understanding the conservative behavior of tracer biomarkers in the processes of source separation, transportation, and deposition and (2) verifying the source assignment accuracy of biomarkers by field/laboratory testing or model fitting. • Lipid biomarkers are the most promising tracer tools. • The method of using lipid biomarkers to trace soil organic carbon is still uncertain. • A combination with other fingerprint indices is highly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Staff and animals in livestock buildings are constantly exposed to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which affects their respiratory health. However, its exact pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. Regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RGS2) has been reported to play a regulatory role in pneumonia. The aim of this study was to explore the therapeutic potential of RGS2 in cowshed PM2.5-induced respiratory damage. PM2.5 was collected from a cattle farm, and the alveolar macrophages (NR8383) of the model animal rat were stimulated with different treatment conditions of cowshed PM2.5. The RGS2 overexpression vector was constructed and transfected it into cells. Compared with the control group, cowshed PM2.5 significantly induced a decrease in cell viability and increased the levels of apoptosis and proinflammatory factor expression. Overexpression of RGS2 ameliorated the above-mentioned cellular changes induced by cowshed PM2.5. In addition, PM2.5 has significantly induced intracellular Ca2+ dysregulation. Affinity inhibition of Gq/11 by RGS2 attenuated the cytosolic calcium signaling pathway mediated by PLCβ/IP 3 R. To further investigate the causes and mechanisms of action of differential RGS2 expression, the possible effects of oxidative stress and TLR2/4 activation were investigated. The results have shown that RGS2 expression was not only regulated by oxidative stress-induced nitric oxide during cowshed PM2.5 cells stimulation but the activation of TLR2/4 had also an important inhibitory effect on its protein expression. The present study demonstrates the intracellular Ca2+ regulatory role of RGS2 during cellular injury, which could be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of PM2.5-induced respiratory injury. RGS2 overexpression attenuates cowshed PM2.5-induced inflammatory factor expression and apoptosis by blocking intracellular Ca2+ dysregulation. Affinity inhibition of Gq/11 by RGS2 attenuates the cytosolic calcium signaling pathway mediated by PLCβ/IP 3 R. Changes in RGS2 expression may be due to a process co-regulated by the oxidative stress- nitric oxide pathway and TLR2/4. [Display omitted] • Overexpression of RGS2 improved cowshed PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity. • RGS2 attenuates cowshed PM2.5-induced intracellular Ca2+ dysregulation. • Affinity inhibition of Gq/11 by RGS2 attenuates the PLCβ/IP 3 R signaling pathway. • Nitric oxide and TLR2/4 co-regulated the RGS2 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the number of real entries of an n × n complex Hadamard matrix. We analytically derive the numbers when n = 2, 3, 4, 6. In particular, the number can be any one of 0–22, 24, 25, 26, 30 for n = 6. We apply our result to the existence of four mutually unbiased bases in dimension six, which is a long-standing open problem in quantum physics and information. We show that if four MUBs containing the identity matrix exist then the real entries in any one of the remaining three matrices do not exceed 22. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing the wear of carbon fibers on braiding carriers is the key to manufacturing high‐performance carbon fiber composite prefabricated parts. In this study, a new analytical model is developed to describe the local friction behavior of yarns on braiding carriers. The degree of yarn wear is characterized by calculating the gray value of carbon fiber hairiness and observing the micro‐surface morphology of carbon fibers. The wear characteristics of carbon fiber yarns under the multi‐factor coupling influences of yarn tension, unwinding speed, and guiding element characteristics were considered. The results show that increases in unwinding angle and unwinding speed both increase the wear of carbon fiber yarns. Eliminating the effect of unwinding angle can reduce the yarn hairiness by more than 60%, alleviate the yarn tension fluctuation by more than 70%, and improve the yarn tension stability by more than 75%. Meanwhile, the relationship between the wrapping angle between the yarn and the yarn bobbin, the unwinding angle, and the yarn tension was established according to the Capstan Equation. A method is proposed to improve the characteristics and spatial position of the guiding elements to obtain more intact yarn and low‐damage yarn surfaces. Highlights: A new analytical model for local friction of carbon fibers is developed.The friction‐wear‐fracture mechanism of carbon fiber yarns is constructed.Characterize the degree of yarn wear from a macro and micro perspective.Wear characteristics of carbon fiber yarns under multi‐factor coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A collision-free path planning method is proposed based on learning from demonstration (LfD) to address the challenges of cumbersome manual teaching operations caused by complex action of yarn storage, variable mechanism positions, and limited workspace in preform weaving. First, by utilizing extreme learning machines (ELM) to autonomously learn the teaching data of yarn storage, the mapping relationship between the starting and ending points and the teaching path points is constructed to obtain the imitation path with similar storage actions under the starting and ending points of the new task. Second, an improved rapidly expanding random trees (IRRT) method with adaptive direction and step size is proposed to expand path points with high quality. Finally, taking the spatical guidance point of imitation path as the target direction of IRRT, the expansion direction is biased toward the imitation path to obtain a collision-free path that meets the action yarn storage. The results of different yarn storage examples show that the ELM-IRRT method can plan the yarn storage path within 2s–5s when the position of the mechanism changes in narrow spaces, avoiding tedious manual operations that program the robot movements, which is feasible and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-screw extruders and injection molding machines are essential equipment in polymer processing. It is of great importance for the optimization of operating parameters and the design of extrusion screw to predict the throughput of an extruder and the metering time of an injection molding machine according to the geometric parameters of the screw, operating parameters, and the rheological behavior of materials. Most polymer melts exhibit non-Newtonian behavior. The lattice Boltzmann method has many advantages in simulating the flow of non-Newtonian fluids. Herein, the dimensionless velocity profiles and dimensionless volumetric flow rate of generalized Newtonian fluids in a screw channel have been studied using the two-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method (TRT–LBM). The numerical results of power-law fluids are in good agreement with the analytical solutions, which verifies the validity of TRT–LBM. Through research, the change rule of the dimensionless volumetric flow rate of Bingham fluids with dimensionless pressure gradient has been obtained. It was found that the rheological properties of polymer melts and the dimensionless pressure gradient significantly affect the dimensionless velocity profiles and dimensionless volumetric flow rate. The dimensionless volume flow rate has some unexpected changes with the increase of the dimensionless pressure gradient. This study can provide theoretical guidance for the optimization of operating parameters and the design of extrusion screws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the fixed geometric parameters and structure of vehicle passive stabilizer bar, the corresponding anti-roll moment cannot be provided in real time according to the state of the vehicle body, limiting the improvement of the anti-roll performance of vehicles. In order to improve the anti-roll performance of vehicles, a vehicle roll model, a wheel load transfer model and a finite element calculation model of switched reluctance motor were established respectively in this study. By calculating the vehicle roll and wheel load transfer model, the target anti-roll moment of the active stabilizer bar driven by the switched reluctance motor was obtained to determine the moment requirement of the designed switched reluctance motor, and the finite element method was used to design the corresponding motor. Based on the co-simulation platform of carsim and MATLAB/Simulink, it was verified that the designed active stabilizer bar system driven by the switched reluctance motor can improve the anti-roll performance of vehicles. The results demonstrate that under the condition of double lane change, the active stabilizer bar driven by the switched reluctance motor has a vehicle roll angle range of -1.2~1.2°, and the passive stabilizer bar has a roll angle range of -2.5~4.7°. Compared with the passive stabilizer bar, the anti-roll performance of active stabilizer bar driven by the switched reluctance motor is improved by about 50%. The proposed method provides a good prospect for optimizing the design of vehicle active stabilizer bar system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When photovoltaic (PV) array is operated under partially shaded condition (PSC), power-voltage curve will show multiply peaks. This causes the inability of conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods such as hill climbing (HC). To deal with this problem, this paper proposes a new MPPT method based on a modified cat swarm optimization (MCSO) to achieve global maximum power point (GMPP) tracking. To assess the performance of proposed method, different simulations and experiments have been carried out. The proposed method can successfully track GMPP under different PSCs. Furthermore, MCSO based MPPT method shows a high tracking accuracy and convergence speed as compared with other MPPT methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D transition metal dichalcogenides such as MoS2 are promising candidates for optoelectronics because of atomically thin nature and strong light–matter interaction. However, the poor light absorption limited their photodetection performance. Surface plasma resonance (SPR) can improve light absorption, but the defects introduced during the metal deposition process limit their responsivity and response time. In this work, we transfer a plasmonic Au array onto MoS2 surface, in which van der Waals (vdWs) contact forms between defect-free Au array–MoS2 interface. The Au/MoS2 heterostructure photodetector performs 1.8 ms rising time, 186.6 A/W responsivity, and 1.41 × 1012 Jones detectivity. The damage free vdWs fabrication method also makes it possible to integrate the engineered SPR Au array with functional polymer for flexible electronics. Thus, a vdWs plasmonic Au array/MoS2/P(VDF-TrFE) photodetector with a 1.28 × 103 rectification ratio has been obtained. This approach not only optimizes the performance of the 2D optoelectronic devices but also expands the scope of its potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bifurcation and chaos characteristics of single phase power converter in switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive system are studied by establishing its corresponding discrete iterative map model in this article. The discrete iterative map model of the converter is first derived. The stability theoretical analysis shows that the system may lose stability as the variation of system parameters in periodic-1 operation. With the bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents’ analyses, the operation state regions of current-controlled single phase of SRM drive can shift among stable periodic-1 region, chaos region and multi-periodic region. To verify the theoretical analysis results, time-domain waveforms and power spectra of current-controlled single phase of SRM drive are obtained by Runge–Kutta algorithm. Moreover, theoretical analysis and simulation results are verified by experimental circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An unsteady multi-phase mass transfer model is developed to analyze and discuss the mass transfer characteristics in the process of the ammonia volatilization from yarn bobbin. The model considers the mass diffusion in the porous material, concentration distribution in boundary layer and the mass convection diffusion in the air flow. The five key parameters of the model are solved by giving the analytic expressions and calculating formulas expectively. With the experimental results from lattice distortion modification production equipment, the two main unknown parameters of the concentration partition coefficient and the diffusion coefficient were determined by data fitting method based on the proposed mass transfer model. The mass transfer model was used to investigate the ammonia medium mass transfer characteristics. The results show that the concentration distribution in the yarn bobbin is mainly related to the air flow velocity and the volatilization time. The concentration gradient between the center and the surface enhances with the increasing of the air flow velocity. But the impact of the air flow velocity on the concentration gradient decreases with the volatilization time extension. The mass transfer rate improves with the air flow velocity increasing, and decreases with the yarn bobbin radius increasing. The normalized concentration and the normalized volatilized mass have no relation with the initial concentration, but are just determined by the inherent mass transfer properties of the ammonia medium in yarn bobbin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an automatic obstacle avoidance trajectory planning strategy is proposed for the simultaneous motion of multi-robots, which perform anthropomorphic skill operations in a large curved preformed three-dimensional (3D) weaving environment with multiple obstacles and limited space, to eliminate tedious manual calibration work of robot path in engineering. Firstly, an Adaptive Goal-guided Rapidly-exploring Random Trees (AGG-RRT) algorithm is proposed, combined with the robot obstacle avoidance strategy, to search the discrete position of the collision-free path of the end-effector gradually from the starting point to the ending point. Then the optimization of the path is completed by bidirectional pruning of redundant nodes and cubic non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) curve fitting. And finally, the robot trajectory is interpolated based on S-shaped acceleration/deceleration planning to ensure smooth robot joint motion. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the AGG-RRT algorithm over the basic RRT algorithm and related improved algorithms in terms of search time and success rate. The simulated experiments also achieve the smooth trajectory planning of multiple robotic arms with the synchronous obstacle avoidance motion, which shows that the AGG-RRT algorithm is successfully applied and the collision-free trajectory planning strategy is effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the technology of liquid ammonia modification, the ammonia is recycled by compression and condensation. To minimize the energy-consumption of ammonia recycling system, compression ratio and fan speed are optimized. Thermodynamic models for the compressor and evaporative condenser are developed respectively. Mathematical equations are given to determine the optimal compression ratio and the corresponding fan speed ratio. To solve the equations, a numerical algorithm is proposed. By controlling the fan speed, the matching of ammonia mass flow rate and air flow rate can be optimized, which brings about the minimal energy-consumption. When the wet-bulb temperature is 22 °C, the system energy-consumption could be saved by 10.8–12.9% under optimal compression ratio and fan speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of near-infrared spectroscopy and pattern recognition methods, including soft independent modeling of class analogy, least squares support machine, and extreme learning machine, was employed for textile fabrics classification. The fabrics of cotton, viscose, acrylic, polyamide, polyester, and blend fabric of cotton-viscose were divided into training and prediction sets (60:60) for developing models and evaluating the classification abilities of the models. The classification accuracy and speed of soft independent modeling of class analogy, least squares support machine, and extreme learning machine were compared. Both least squares support machine and extreme learning machine achieved the classification accuracy of 100% for the prediction set. However, extreme learning machine performed much faster than least squares support machine, which suggested that extreme learning machine may be a promising method for real-time textile fabrics classification with a comparable accuracy based on near-infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, it might have commercial and regulatory potential to avoid time-consuming work, and costly and laborious chemical analysis for textile fabrics classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar cell model is used in various studies of photovoltaic system. Different methods have been developed to determine model parameters. In this paper, an optimization technique based on cat swarm optimization (CSO) algorithm is proposed to estimate the unknown parameters of single and double diode models. To investigate the effectiveness of proposed approach, comparative studies with other techniques are presented. The evaluation for the quality of identified parameters is also given. Results demonstrate the high performance of developed approach, high accuracy of estimated parameters, and calculated I–V curve is in good agreement with experimental I–V data. In addition, the sensitivity of performance to control parameter of CSO is also investigated. Results show the proposed CSO algorithm can be an effective tool to solve the optimization problem of parameter identification of solar cell models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fibers will repeatedly cross and stack on the liner during the continuous winding process, which poses a challenge in creating accurate local and global structure models. To address the issue, a 3D winding path modeling method is proposed to simulate the fiber overlap effect. First, the initial path is offset equidistantly along the direction of width and thickness to construct the 3D path points. Then, by calculating the overlap thickness, the overlapped fibers are raised to the corresponding overlap thickness to eliminate interference in the 3D path points. Finally, a 3D winding path with the fiber overlap effect is obtained by solving the suspended points before and after the overlapping area to describe the behavior of fibers separating from the liner surface under tension. The proposed method is applied to various winding patterns and liner shapes, and the results show that the established 3D winding path can accurately simulate the fiber overlap effect and correspond with the actual local and global winding structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety is a common comorbidity of cardiovascular diseases, which deteriorated cardiac function. Chaihujialonggumulitang (BFG) was reported to have antioxidant properties, alleviate myocardial ischemia injury and improve anxiety-like behavior. The Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) /heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway is the main mechanism to defend against oxidative stress, and improve cardiac function. This study was to investigate the possible mechanism of BFG in the treatment of psycho-cardiology. AMI with comorbid anxiety rat model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery combined with uncertain empty bottle stimulation, followed by the administration of BFG (1 mL/100 g/d by gavage) or Dimethyl fumarate (DMF, 10 mg/kg/d by intraperitoneal injection) for 6 days. Echocardiography, myocardial injury markers, H&E, and Masson staining were employed to evaluate cardiac function. Behavioral tests and hippocampus neurotransmitters were applied to record anxiety-like behavior. We employed immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, western blotting, and biochemical analysis to detect the protein and gene expression of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway-related factors, and oxidative stress and apoptosis parameters. Rats in the AMI and complex groups showed cardiac function deterioration, as well as anxiety-like behavior. BFG improved echocardiography indicators, reduced myocardial injury markers, and attenuated myocardial pathological changes. BFG also ameliorated anxiety-like behaviors and elevated neurotransmitters levels. BFG promoted the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, increased antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced lipid peroxidation levels, and alleviated oxidative damage and apoptosis. DMF showed therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms similar to BFG. BFG may possess a psycho-cardiology therapeutic effect on AMI with comorbid anxiety by the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and suppression of oxidative stress and apoptosis. [Display omitted] • BFG improved cardiac function in AMI with comorbid anxiety rats. • BFG improved anxiety-like behavior in AMI with comorbid anxiety rats. • BFG alleviated AMI-induced oxidative stress. • BFG activated cardiac Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. • BFG inhibited apoptosis in AMI with comorbid anxiety rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noise source identification is the first key step to reduce the noise pressure level of the carpet tufting machine. For identifying the main noise sources of the carpet tufting machine, the single channel blind source separation (SCBSS) method is proposed to separate the acquired single channel noise, and the time-frequency signal analysis is applied to identify separated noise components. The SCBSS includes ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), improved Akaike information criterion (AIC) source number estimation and fast independent component analysis (FastICA). The separation method based on EEMD-AIC-FastICA not only overcomes traditional blind source separation problems that require enough test channel numbers, but also solves the problem that the number of virtual multichannel signals is unknown. Four independent components (ICs) are obtained after using the SCBSS. Combining the time-frequency analysis of the four ICs and the acquired vibration signals of six main components, the specific four noise sources can be identified. The four ICs correspond to the noise of needles, noise of hooks, noise of hook driven shaft, and noise of motor spindle, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper first presents a 3-D analysis model for calculating the torque transmitted between the permanent radial magnet couplers based on the Coulombian model. Then, a 3-D finite-element analysis model is constructed to analyze the spatial distributions of the magnetic field and end effect of the axial length of the magnet coupler. Besides, the parametric studies of the magnet coupler are taken using the two 3-D models, respectively, and the simulation results obtained are analyzed and compared. Finally, two kinds of real applied magnet couplers are tested to compare with the results with the 3-D analysis model. It is concluded that the 3-D analytical model of the torque of the radial magnet couplers is viable and could be used for the design of magnet couplers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Threshold switching (TS) devices based on NbOx materials show intriguing potential for constructing artificial neurons in a neuromorphic machine. However, the high electroforming voltage, the low TS yield, and the poor device uniformity hinder the practical application of NbOx-based TS devices. In this work, we systematically investigate the effect of film composition on device performance by adjusting the oxygen contents in the NbOx films. The electroforming voltage decreases with lowering the oxygen content, and the forming yield for activating TS behavior increases without an additional reset process. Moreover, we propose a stacked method by inserting a NbOy layer with high oxygen content between the low oxygen NbOx layer and the bottom electrode. The intercalated NbOy layer serves as a virtual bottom electrode after breakdown, enhancing the local electrical field and improving cycle-to-cycle stability and device-to-device uniformity. These results demonstrate that the device performances are greatly improved by optimizing the oxygen content and structure, guiding for practical applications of NbOx-based TS devices in neuromorphic computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psycho-cardiological disease is commonly seen in cardiology as coronary heart disease tends to be accompanied by anxiety and depression in clinic. We put forward the psycho-cardiological theory of traditional Chinese medicine based on the physiological functions of "heart governing blood and vessels" and "heart governing spirit light" in traditional Chinese medicine, combining with the idea of "harmony between body and mind" in psychosomatic medicine. In this theory, the heart of the blood vessels and the heart of the spirit are physiologically dependent, and pathologically correlated, resulting in psycho- cardiological disease. Based on clinical observation, we hold that "blood stasis, heat, deficiency, and stagnation" are the primary pathogenesis of psycho-cardiological disease, in which blood stasis is the foundation, heat aggravates the condition, deficiency is the key, and stagnation is the trigger. After reviewing the relevant mechanism studies, it is concluded that 'blood stasis and heat" are correlated with the activation of inflammatory pathways, and "deficiency and stagnation " are con-elated with "mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder". In addition, there is a coincidence between inflammatory pathways and mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder. Therefore, from the perspective of the pathogenesis of "blood stasis, heat, deficiency, stagnation", we can provide certain perspectives for the treatment of psycho-cardiological disease with traditional Chinese medicine, combining inflammatory mechanisms and mitochondrial energy metabolism processes to further explore the roles of " blood stasis", " heat", " deficiency" and " stagnation" in the development of coronary heart disease with anxiety and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automatic crankshaft production lines require high reliability and accuracy stability for the oscillating grinding machine. Crankshaft contour error represent the most intuitive data in production field selective inspection. If the mapping relation between the contour error components of the crankshaft pin journal and the axis position control error of the oscillating grinding machine can be found, it would be great significance for the reliability maintenance of the oscillating grinding machine. Firstly, a contour error decomposition method based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is proposed. Secondly, according to the contour generating principle of the pin journal by oscillating grinding, a calculation method to obtain the effect of the axis position control error of the oscillating grinder on the contour error of the pin journal is proposed. Finally, through the grinding experiments, the error data are acquired and measured to calculate and decompose the contour error by using the proposed methods for obtaining the mapping relation between the crankshaft pin journal contour error and the axis position control error. The conclusions show that the proposed calculation and decomposition methods can obtain the mapping relation between the contour error components of the crankshaft pin journal and the axis position control error of the oscillating grinding machine, which can be used to predict the key functional component performance of the machine tool from the oscillating grinding workpiece contour error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cleaved Caspase3 were significantly downregulated upon PNS treatment (Figure 2F-H), suggesting that PNS suppresses cell apoptosis by inhibiting function of RAGE. With a high mortality and morbidity rate, and the potential long-term disabilities, stroke has been brought into attention in the medical field. PNS' protection against ischemic injury in MCAO/R brains was showed with TTC and TUNEL staining (Figure 1A-C, Table S2), while non-significant changes between control and control+PNS groups was observed (Figure 1C). [Extracted from the article]

The 4-qubit unextendible product bases (UPBs) has been recently studied by [Johnston, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 47 (2014) 424034]. Based on this study we show that there is only one UPB of size 6 and six UPBs of size 9 in H = C 2 ⊗ C 2 ⊗ C 4 , three UPBs of size 9 in K = C 4 ⊗ C 4 , and no UPB of size 7 in H and K . Furthermore we construct a new family of 4-qubit positive-partial-transpose (PPT) entangled states of rank seven, and show that they are also PPT entangled states in H and K , respectively. We analytically derive a geometric measure of a special PPT entangled states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an efficient parameters extraction method for the two-diode model of photovoltaic cell and cells. Based on the data at standard test conditions provided by the photovoltaic datasheets, the parameters are all extracted by using derivative method at maximum power point and mountain-climbing algorithm, then the proposed two-diode model of the current voltage characteristic I–V of photovoltaic cell and cells are obtained. Compared with the popular R p model and Ishaque's two-diode model, The proposed two-diode model show that the accuracy is significantly higher than R p model all the time, especially at the maximum power point. In addition, the parameters at different irradiance level and temperature are extracted, which also can simulate the current voltage characteristic I–V successfully at any condition, compared with experimental data. • Derivative method and mountain-climbing algorithm are used to extract R s and R p simultaneously. • Seven parameters I p h , I o 1 , I o 2 , n 1 , n 2 , R s and R p of two-diode model can be solved only using reference data. • A new method to calculate I o at different irradiance level and temperature. • The proposed model can simulate PV cell and cells at different irradiance level and temperature with high accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an efficient parameters extraction method for the two-diode model of photovoltaic cell and cells. Based on the data at standard test conditions provided by the photovoltaic datasheets, the parameters are all extracted by using derivative method at maximum power point and mountain-climbing algorithm, then the proposed two-diode model of the current voltage characteristic I–V of photovoltaic cell and cells are obtained. Compared with the popular R p model and Ishaque's two-diode model, The proposed two-diode model show that the accuracy is significantly higher than R p model all the time, especially at the maximum power point. In addition, the parameters at different irradiance level and temperature are extracted, which also can simulate the current voltage characteristic I–V successfully at any condition, compared with experimental data. • Derivative method and mountain-climbing algorithm are used to extract R s and R p simultaneously. • Seven parameters I p h , I o 1 , I o 2 , n 1 , n 2 , R s and R p of two-diode model can be solved only using reference data. • A new method to calculate I o at different irradiance level and temperature. • The proposed model can simulate PV cell and cells at different irradiance level and temperature with high accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]