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In this paper, we propose a new approach in a chance-constrained programming form that can be used as decision-making support in managing domestic wastewater stabilization ponds under uncertainty and chance-based policy. The objective is maximizing the performance of the facultative ponds in processing wastewater in order to degrade the pollutant concentration of the wastewater based on the biological oxygen demand parameter, which was measured as the total volume of the wastewater processed in the ponds in which the biological oxygen demand level is below the required level and the constraint violation probability is under a value set by the policy maker. The uncertainty considered in this study was based on the probability and credibility theory where the parameters were treated as probabilistic with some probability distributions or as fuzzy variables with some membership functions or a mixture of them. Experiments were carried out with data collected from the Sewon domestic wastewater facultative ponds, located in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Results showed that the proposed model provided the optimal decision regarding the amount of the wastewater to be processed and the duration of the processing time in the ponds. This concludes that the model is implementable and can be adopted by the decision-maker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) is one of the fruits whose consumption occasionally increases. Increased consumption of this fruit also impacts the skin as a waste material. Orange peel waste, if not handled properly, has an impact on the environment. This sweet orange peel fruit contains quite a lot of essential oils and has the potential to be developed for its benefits. This research aims to produce a solid perfume with a sweet orange aroma and antioxidant and sunscreen properties. This research consists of 6 stages: (1) isolation of sweet orange peel essential oil by steam-water distillation, (2) characterisation of sweet orange peel essential oil is the phase, colour, density, boiling point, refractive index, and specific rotation, (3) analysis of chemicals content in orange peel essential oil by GC-MS, (4) antioxidant activity test with DPPH and sunscreen activity test by UV spectrophotometer, (5) formulation of solid preparation perfume utilising an Indonesian Pharmacopoeia 5th Edition, and (6) evaluation formulation of solid perfumes. Sweet orange peel essential oil can be isolated by water-distillation technique, yielding 0.312%. This essential oil is liquid, light yellow in colour, with a density of 0.876 g/mL and a boiling point of 163.3 0C. refractive index of 1.468 (25 0C), and specific rotation (+)105.50 dm−1.g−1.mL. Sweet orange peel essential oil contains limonene (72.34%), octanal (5.64%), linalool (5.44%), β -myrcene (4.60%), decanal (2.24%), α -pinene (1.32%), cis-citral (0.98%), sabinene (0.67%), terpineol (0.65%), and β-pinene (0.10%). The antioxidant activity of sweet orange peel essential oil in the weak category, IC50 318.301 mg.mL−1. Sweet orange peel essential oil absorbs UV radiation and has the potential as a sunscreen in the lace category with SPF 7.3724. The antioxidant activity is through the radical scavenging mechanism, while the activity is through the absorption mechanism by the conjugated C=C double bond group. The carbonyl group or both compounds contained in this essential oil. The formulation of perfume solid preparations form of sweet orange peel essential oil resulted in three formulas. Formula F2 contains 5% sweet orange peel essential oil and 4% patchouli essential oil, has good results and is safe to use on the skin. Further development of sweet orange peel essential oil, related to other potentials, can add value and commercialisation of citrus peel and reduce citrus fruit waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of robots is usually called robotics. This study explores the various types of robots that exist as well as developing technologies and researching robots. There have been many universities in Indonesia that have developed robotics as a taught subject and as a benchmark for progress at a university that competes in robotics contests at home and abroad. The mechanical design applied in the robot design is slightly different and more difficult when compared to ordinary wheels in general. The wheel used is a mechanical wheel which provides more advantages and stability in the use of high loads. The mechanical design used for the application of the mechanical wheel is square or rectangular. The wheels attached to both sides have rollers with an angular orientation of +45o and -45o. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In studying the flow and effects of airflow on an aircraft of a certain design, several simulation tool are used. Among them are wind tunnel, water tunnel, and CFD simulation. The reasons for using the test simulation tool are to save costs, time, and energy. It is because there is no need to make an aircraft under study with real dimensions and components. In this study, the Airbus A320 aircraft model was tested using a water tunnel and CFD simulations on the Ansys fluent application where it is believed that these two methods are one of two ways to determine coefficient of lift, coefficient of drag, and visualize the vortex that occurs when the aircraft is operating. The experiment was carried out using a water tunnel and numerical simulation on the Ansys fluent application with a design size of 1:185 in its original size. The test is carried out to determine the value of the coefficient of lift and coefficient of drag from the aircraft model design, from the coefficient of lift it is obtained what is the maximum angle before the stall of the aircraft. From testing using a water tunnel, the stall angle of the aircraft is found at 14° with a maximum coefficient of lift value of 1.379. In the numerical simulation using the fluent Ansys application, the stall angle of the aircraft is found at 13° with a maximum coefficient of lift value of 1.21. The value of the coefficient of drag in both tests obtained a value of about 0.2 at a variation of the angle of attack 0° and increases exponentially as the angle of attack increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photovoltaic System is appropriate for Indonesia as solar energy is available all year round and spread evenly throughout Indonesia. However, one of the implementation problems is large scale Photovoltaic system requires large area which may involve complicated land acquisition process. The floating Photovoltaic system is a Photovoltaic system that is placed on a body of water such as a lake, pond, or reservoir which can solve the problem of land availability that may be prioritized for agricultural, industrial infrastructure and settlements. In this paper, assessment of design and construction of small-scale floating Photovoltaic system will be presented. The floating Photovoltaic system will be installed above the PUSPIPTEK lake, Banten, Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to obtain a 5kWp prototype of an on-grid floating Photovoltaic system for research and demonstration needs. The system is expected to operate and perform according to predetermined specifications and to obtain system evaluation results which include performance ratio, the influence of weather conditions on system component, comparison with conventional ground mounted Photovoltaic system in terms of energy yield, module degradation and water quality will also be evaluated to make sure the safety of floater material for the environment. Finally, the installation of floating Photovoltaic 5 kWp on-grid with floater domestically product to supply electricity of the Bahrul Ulum Mosque during the day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the number of vehicles increases day by day, finding an empty parking space to park a vehicle becomes difficult. Car parking can cause wasted time and interfere with surrounding mobility, as a result the parking area cannot be utilized optimally. The existing parking management system using sensors to detect the available parking spaces is less effective and efficient, for example a system with the use of ultrasonic sensors that must be placed in each parking box will require many sensors in large-scale implementation. The proposed intelligent parking system provides a structured solution by using a parking lot camera available in the campus or office area to observe the used parking area and using image processing to detect the available parking space from the camera in real time. From the results of image processing available parking spaces will be recommended to users through a front-end system based on the closest distance that helps drivers park their vehicles. The proposed system improves the overall effectiveness and efficiency of the current parking system and solves the problem that drivers spend a lot of time in finding suitable parking spaces in crowded campus or office parking areas. The architecture of the intelligent parking system includes three stages: the first stage of the system uses sensors to capture images of the parking area and sends them to the database server in real time; the second stage of the proposed method uses object detection algorithms (ie, Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks) to identify whether parking spaces in the building area are available or not and calculate their utility; the third stage a front-end system was developed for drivers to get real-time parking information by using a monitor placed at the entrance gate of a campus or office parking area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cosmetic business's year-on-year rise has resulted in fierce competition in the market. With the correct marketing strategy in place, the company will be able to compete in an increasingly competitive market. PT X is one of the small and medium enterprises engaged in the cosmetic industry. The SWOT and QSPM methodologies were used in this study to find a viable alternative marketing plan for PT. X. The study of IFAS and EFAS on the Cartesian diagram is located in quadrant III, and the technique utilized is to adjust the strategy, according to the findings. The Weakness-Opportunity strategy with a TAS score of 7,090 was picked in the QSPM matrix analysis. This implies that PT. X should implement a market penetration strategy in order to boost market share through increased marketing activities. Market penetration is achieved by enhancing the company's internal skills, allowing them to recognize and capitalize on possibilities in the Cosmetics Industry, allowing them to outperform the competition. And at least survive in the competitive cosmetic industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to provide information related to chemical teachers' perceptions of chemical literacy, cognitive learning strategies, and self-efficacy in high school students in East Lombok. The research sample was five chemistry teachers (four female, one male). The sampling technique was done by purposive sampling. Data were collected using face-to-face open interviews (one-on-one), and participants were given 15 questions and collected in the form of video and voice recordings. The study results found that the terms chemical literacy and self-efficacy were still foreign to some teachers. They revealed that students' chemical literacy was still low. The student's chemical literacy ability was still in the content and context domain. The teaching and cognitive learning strategies most often applied by teachers and students in the classroom were rehearsal and discussions. More teachers reported that the rehearsal strategy was the most effective cognitive learning strategy to improve students' chemical literacy. The teacher also revealed that mastery experience, vicarious experience, and verbal persuasion were the most influential sources of self-efficacy to increase students' self-efficacy in learning chemistry. They revealed that chemical literacy, cognitive learning strategies, and self-efficacy influence each other, where cognitive learning strategies can improve students' self-efficacy and chemical literacy. Considering these results, teachers must improve their understanding of chemical literacy, cognitive learning strategies, and self-efficacy to help students improve their chemical literacy, learning strategies, and self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to review the relationship between curiosity, interest in learning and important motivation as three factors supporting the successful learning in education through a literature review from previous research and its role in chemistry learning. The method used in this study is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The objectives of SLR include being used to identify, review, evaluate, and interpret all available research with interesting phenomenon topic areas, with certain relevant research questions. The Sistematic literature review steps consisted of three main stages, namely identification and collection of articles, selection of articles based on criteria, and selection of main articles. A total of 28 articles were examined as the main sources that met the criteria and several others as supporters in this study from 2004 to 2020. The final result of this research is that there is a significant and linear relationship between the three factors, namely learning motivation, interest in learning and students' curiosity in learning science, especially chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is expected to contribute 8% of Indonesia's electricity generation by 2050. However, there is a lack of study assessing BECCS in Indonesia. This study aims to provide key insights for preliminary assessment of BECCS options by varying the biomass type, power generation capacity, and firing mode. The 6 cases studied are bagasse, palm kernel shell, rice straw, empty fruit bunch, refuse derived fuel (firing, co-firing). Simple levelized cost of electricity (sLCOE) is evaluated, with findings that the dominant factors for sLCOE reduction are capacity and flue gas CO2 composition. BECCS in Indonesia is preferrable for plant with capacity above 20 MW and CO2 concentration above 12.1%. Biomass with calorific value less than 23.14 MJ/kg is not suitable for BECCS. Since biomass power plant is carbon neutral, BECCS can be an option of negative emission technology by further capturing the emission that is by default released to be absorbed by the initial biomass plant. Sensitivity analysis for finding the appropriate carbon tax policy is further divided into 2 analyses based on the definition of the breakeven point of the carbon price. First, the breakeven point can be considered as the carbon price that can make biomass power plant (without CCS) becomes competitive compared to conventional coal power plant. The first definition shows that DPP factor needs to be at least 0.5 to push for biomass PP with reasonable carbon price at 69.93 USD/ton CO2 for both SCB and RS, and 13.99 USD/ton CO2 for PKS. Pushing further to DPP factor of 0 will result in lower carbon price for the three cases in the range of 5.59-28.67 USD/ton CO2. Second, another sensitivity analysis can be performed to obtain biomass PP sLCOE to be equal to BECCS sLCOE by finding the minimum carbon price that can be a revenue for BECCS (hence reducing BECCS sLCOE). It is found that the minimum carbon price should be in the range of 42 – 46 USD/ton CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managing raw materials ordering and production planning ensures companies have the required materials to build or produce a product at a lower cost. Therefore, this study aims to develop a new decision-making support model, to solve order allocation and production planning problems in uncertain environments. The parameters involved in this environment were considered probabilistic and fuzzy, with the problem being modeled through two objectives, (1) maximizing the expectation of production amount, and (2) minimizing the expectation of total operational cost, based on demand satisfying constraint and suppliers' maximum capacity. Numerical simulations were also performed to illustrate the developmental pattern of the optimal decision. The results showed that the proposed decision-making support was successful in providing the optimal decision with maximum and minimum expectations of the production amount and total operational cost, respectively. This indicated that the support was highly appropriate for the decision-makers in manufacturing companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a new optimization model is proposed in the form of chance-constrained fuzzy uncertain programming, which is used to optimize facultative ponds' performance in wastewater treatment. The observed wastewater parameter was the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). The developed model was based on the situation faced by the decision-maker in which some parameters, such as the BOD degradation rate and the wastewater load were fuzzy with some membership functions. Under this uncertainty, the decision-maker desired to maximize the wastewater treatment volume with the appropriate safety margin for the objective and constraint functions by utilizing chance-based policies. This study was conducted at Bantul domestic wastewater treatment plant located in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The optimal decisions for the debit of the wastewater and the processing time were achieved. It is concluded that the proposed model successfully solved the given problem, hence it is utilizable by the decision-maker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This bibliometric analysis aims to identify knowledge trends about productive thinking and new development opportunities for further research. The Scopus database was selected, and the keyword "productive thinking" was used in the search. Found 125 documents from 215 authors that have been published in 110 sources, which are then used as the research database. The documented growth each year is 2.05%, the average quotation for each document is 17.36, and 6.4% of the documents in this research database result from international collaboration. Data analysis used Biblioshiny software from R-tool. This shows that the theme of productive thinking has become a global challenge today. Research collaborations between authors, affiliations, and countries have been mapped, and trends in using keywords have been identified. The intellectual structure of the documents has also been explored so that this study has succeeded in recommending productive authors and selected sources and documents, which can be used as references for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zn-oleate and Al-oleate are fatty acid metal salts known as synthetic metal soaps. These substances are not surface-active agents and therefore cannot function as cleaning agents. Concerning their structure, it can be thought to absorbed UV radiation and potentially use as a chemical sunscreen. Our study focused on synthesize metal (zinc and aluminum) oleate and sunscreen activity assay. The metal oleate synthesis was carried out using the trans-esterification method from the as-synthesized sodium oleate. Physicochemical properties of the as-synthesized zinc oleate and aluminum oleate were characterized using XRF, FT-IR, XRD, and SPF-based sunscreen activity assay by UV-spectrophotometry. The as-synthesized metal oleate resulted in the distinguishing feature. The as-synthesized zinc oleate is a white solid powder, melting point 64-71 °C, soluble in benzene, varnish oil, chloroform, and methanol, but un-soluble in water, ethanol, octanol, and petroleum ether. The as-synthesized aluminum oleate decomposed at 120 °C then its solubility properties are similar the as-synthesized zinc oleate. Zinc oleate is active as sunscreen (SPF 2.78), while aluminum oleate is inactive as sunscreen (SPF 0.96). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research about the change of the laser polarization rotation angle with a wavelength of 645 nm when passed through pure liquid distilled water, chlorophyll and honey has been done. The given magnetic fields for each sample of distilled water, chlorophyll and honey were 1.8, 1.6 and 1.6 T, respectively. The results obtained show that the distilled water and honey showed a positive sign of rotation angle of polarization (dextro) with a water polarization rotation angle greater than that of honey, which showed that the magnetic field changes were directly proportional to the changes in the laser light polarization rotation angle. The chlorophyll liquid shows a polarization rotation angle which is negative (levo), which indicates that chlorophyll liquid can become an optically active liquid when given an external magnetic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted to examine the effect of temperature changes in the polarization angle of honey and chlorophyll. Honey samples used by brand Madurasa Original while chlorophyll with the brand K-Liquid Chlorophyll. The initial temperature in this study used a room temperature of 27 °C while the final temperature was obtained from the results using a hotplate stirrer of 60 °C for 5 minutes. The results showed that the influence of temperature changes on the polarization angle of honey with the resulting of -25.50°. Meanwhile in chlorophyll, the polarization angle of chlorophyll is -8,23° [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of agronomic characters, tuber yield and starch yield of cassava in two growing environments with different soil fertility. The experimental design was a randomized block, three replications, and two environments (optimal and sub-optimal). The treatments included thirteen promising cassava clones and three check varieties (Adira 1, Litbang UK 2, and UJ 5). The research was carried out in 2021 at the Jambegede Experimental Station (Malang Regency, East Java) for an optimal environment and the Muktiharjo Experimental Station (Pati Regency, Central Java) for a sub-optimal environment. The study's results showed that almost all character variabilities were influenced by the clone x environment interaction, except for the plant height of six months old plants and the starch content. Characters correlated with starch yield in the optimal environment were plant height, stover weight, harvest index, number of marketable tubers, tuber yield and starch content. Meanwhile, in the sub-optimal environment, the harvest index, the number of marketable tubers, the number of unmarketable tubers, tuber yield and starch content. With K-Mean Cluster analysis, three promising clones (OMM 1206-112, OMM 1207-48, and OMM 1207-57) were obtained by which the tuber yield, starch content, and starch yield are significantly higher than the other 13 clones, including the three check varieties. The tuber yield, starch content, and starch yield of three promising clones in the optimal environment are 54.1 t/ha, 21.3%, and 11.5 t/ha, respectively, which are higher than those in the sub-optimal environment (39.5 t/ha, 20.2%, and 8.0 t/ha, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the instant ways to improve engine performance is to tune in the intake port. One of the tunings in the intake port is by polishing the intake port and adding dimple. This impact can increase the engine performance due to an increase in the turbulence intensity of flow. The mixture of air and fuel in the combustion chamber will be more homogeneous and the flow will be more turbulent, thus leading to the small friction loss. This research focuses on the design of the intake port to increase the turbulence intensity of flow with variations of dimple depth and arc length of dimple distance. The present study aims to improve the engine performance through the optimization of dimple diameter and arc length between dimples. The results of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) show that the dimple depth of 1.5 mm with an arc length of dimple distance of 7˚ can produce the turbulence intensity greater than 10%. When the design is applied to the Honda CRF 180, the power increase is 12.25%, and there is an increase in the torque of 1.46% to the standard intake port. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gaultheria is an essential oil that contains predominantly methyl salicylic. During this time, gaultheria extraction is not discovered because of the deficiency of the processing technology. This research aims to increase gaultherin production from gandapura using the gaultherase enzyme inactivation process through UV-photo extraction with the addition of drying agents and the optimum conditions for the extraction process for the highest gaultherin production through Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using a factorial design. This is designed to determine the influence variables and measure the interaction between variables. The study was carried out on various variables, including temperature (25-40 °C), extraction time (30-120 minutes) with ethanol-leaf ratio 3:1-10: 1. The ethanol concentration is 85-95%, and the use of a drying agent is 5-8% (w/w). Gaultherin levels were measured using Gas Chromatography as a function of time. Determination of influence variables can use Factorial Design 2n. Among the process optimization for extraction was affected estimated value by the model is correct predicting (R2 = 1). The plot values have correlation result data at linear lines by F value = 11.98. Based on the surface plot, the optimum results are 500 ppm are temperatures between 24-32°C and time between 20-75 minutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the effect of the wavelength on light intensity in the lemon and banana extract given a magnetic field. This research was carried out by measuring the light intensity of the laser light released into the fruit extract sample. The extract from the fruit had been given an external magnetic field to determine its effect on light intensity. The same was carried out for light sources with different wavelengths. Samples were taken from lemon and banana fruit extracts made by the maceration (immersion) method. Based on the data obtained, the magnetic field affects the intensity of the light transmitted to the two samples. The results for the lemon fruit extract show that only the green laser presents significant change under the influence of a magnetic field. The green laser for both extracts show proportional light intensity to the external magnetic field applied to the fruit extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometriosis is a gynecological disease experienced by women, especially during reproductive age. Endometriosis treatment is still less effective considering the side effects and high recurrence rate. Phaleria macrocarpa (PM) is a plant that has bioactivity, such as antioxidants and angiogenesis. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of flavonoid isolates from Phaleria macrocarpa fruit extract on Superoxide Dismustase (SOD) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) levels in endometriosis mice. Thirty female mice (Mus musculus) were divided into 6 groups, including the control group (without any treatment), Endometriosis/EMT (without PM), and EMT with flavonoid isolation from PM extract at a dose of 3.75; 7.5; 11.2; 15 mg/day. The sample used in this study was peritoneal fluid. Examination of SOD and VEGF levels was carried out using the ELISA method. The results show an increase in SOD levels and a decrease in VEGF levels in the peritoneal fluid of endometriosis mice compared to the control group (without any treatment). Flavonoid isolation from P.macrocarpa can increase SOD levels and reduce VEGF levels in Endometriosis mice. Thus, P. macrocarpa can be used as an alternative to suppress the growth of endometriosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oleamide is an alkylamide (fatty acid amide) that is synthesized from oleic acid and urea enzymatically using Candida rugosa lipase. The lipase is immobilized by entrapping method with chitosan matrix. One of the functions of oleamide is a surfactant. This study aimed to determine the optimum conditions for oleamide synthesis with reaction time and mole ratio parameters. Oleamide was synthesized from oleic acid with urea and was carried out by varying the reaction time at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 hours and the mole ratio between oleic acid and urea at (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5) with dichloromethane as solvent. The optimum conditions are indicated based on the highest conversion percentage that was calculated by the moles number of reacted oleic acid divided by the moles number of initial oleic acid. The oleic acid concentration was determined by alkali metric titration. The data of conversion percentage were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test. The resulting oleamide was identified using FTIR spectrophotometer and measured its HLB value. The result showed that reaction time and mole ratio had a significant effect on oleamide synthesis. The optimum conditions for oleamide synthesis occurred at 36 hours reaction time, and the moles ratio (1:5) resulted in 31.42±0.54% of the highest conversion percentage. Oleamide has been identified and characterized by FTIR spectrophotometer which showed absorption at wavenumbers 3226.09-3377.27 cm−1 (N-H), 2855.28-2926.59 cm−1 (C-H), 1655.83 cm−1 (C=O), and 1163.79 cm−1 (C-N). Oleamide has an HLB value of 5.64, which belong to a W/O emulsifier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participation of farmers in irrigation network maintenances is essential for maintaining the agricultural environment. One of participation by farmers is in paying the regular fees. This study aims to determine the factors that affect the value of farmers' willingness to pay for irrigation networks maintenance fees. This study was conducted in the irrigation area of the Gonggang reservoir in Magetan district by using 114 respondents. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The result showed that the estimated parameter of farmer education, land area, farm production, knowledge of irrigation network maintenance fees, and land ownership significantly affected farmers' willingness to pay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose produced from bacteria is a biopolymer that having high strength, purity and permeability so that it can be applied in various fields. The study aims to observe the morphology and structure of BC after being treated by a chemical reagent. The study was conducted using a BC pellicle that was produced from an extract of pineapple peel waste after being fermented for 10 days by Acetobacter xylinum. BC pellicle was treated by a chemical reagent solution (BmimCl, H2O2, and NaOH) by a concentration of 5%. BC pellicle was immersed in chemical reagent at 80 °C for 2 hours then dried in an oven for 6 hours at 70°C. The morphology observation was conducted under the Scanning Electron Microscope, and the structure was analysed using XRD apparatus. The results indicate that diffractogram of BC film after chemical pretreatment, the crystal size of BC film reduce from 10.01 nm (without treatment) to 3.67 nm, 3.62 nm, and 3.68 nm for pretreatment fo NaOH, H2O2, and BmimCl, respectively. The highest crystallinity of BC film was obtained by pretreatment using H2O2 with a crystallinity of 76.83%. The morphology of BC film indicated that pretreatment using NaOH, H2O2, and BmimCl cause peel of BC nanofiber so that the surface of BC film looks rougher and more porous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marketing is the spearhead of a firm, since it is well recognized that brand names already have value in the community, in addition to an influencer's ability to shape people's lives. Consequently, the creation of a platform that accommodates a celebgrams inventory of endorsement services might be an innovation when paired with the marketing demands of enterprises and the impact of socially influential individuals. The centralized endorsement service catalog is constructed using a web-based information system where consumers may see a list of celebgrams as well as account-specific information and conduct transactions. The information system was developed using the Unified Software Development Proces (USDP) methodology, which includes the steps of establishing the analysis model, design model, devlopmnet model, implementation model, and testing model. Unified Modeling Language is used throughout the modeling process. As a consequence of the study, artist management has created social buzzer, a marketplace that acts as a middleman between businesses and celebrities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic solid wastes such as bottled water bottles of the type of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and food wrappers of plastic types Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) cause environmental problems. It is needed the processing methods that can overcome plastic waste. Thermal cracking or pyrolysis is one method of plastic waste treatment. All types of plastics were processed using a pyrolysis reactor at temperatures around 200 oC which successfully treated PET and LDPE plastic waste into liquid fuel and solid residuals. The quality of liquid fuel obtained was analyzed by GC-MS, caloric value, viscosity test, and density test. The oil produced from LDPE 100, PET: LDPE (10:90), and PET: LDPE (12.5: 87.5) had physical properties that were similar to gasoline, but based on the composition of hydrocarbons they were similar to solar (C9-C20). Meanwhile, liquid fuel obtained from PET: LDPE (15:85), had an abundance of aromatic compounds but paraffin was still identified. Therefore, this liquid fuel can be cracked to short-chain paraffin (C5-C10) to obtain gasoline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid oil palm waste in the form of empty bunches, shells and fiber (coir) were used by factories as fuel in boiler. The combustion process in this boiler leaved byproducts in the form of fly ash and bottom ash. The content of palm oil fly ash and bottom ash are 37.98% (100 kg/week) and 64.36% (3-5 tons/ week), respectively. Bottom ash was produced more, but so far it has only been used as plant fertilizer and brick replacement materials. The high silica content allowed it to be used as a source of Si in the manufacture of ZSM-5 (Zeolite Socony Mobil-5), which is a type of zeolite that was widely used in oil hydrocracking. ZSM-5 zeolites were synthesized from palm oil bottom ash (POBA) as silica source successfully using Tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) as a micropore structure directing agent under hydrothermal condition at temperatue of 150 oC. The samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD, XRF, SEM, and BET surface area measurements in order to study the aging time effect. Based on FTIR result, the pentasil group has appeared on the synthesis ZSM-5 which is the secondary building structure of zeolit Mordenite Framework Inverted (MFI). In the results of XRD characterization, there were a typical peak of ZSM-5, i.e. 2θ of 7.9233o; 8.8171o; 22.9796o and 23.9639o at 10 hours without aging. The increased aging time caused the formation of zeolites with other types, i.e. faujasite, clinoptilolite and LTA (Zeolite A). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to utilize residues of the plastic waste pyrolysis process and LDPE plastic as a substitute of cement in the manufacture of paving blocks. The residual pyrolysis process used was a pyrolysis residue of a mixture of polypropylene (PP) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic waste with mass ratio of 100% PP, 75: 25%, 50: 50%, 40: 60%, 25: 75, and 100% LDPE. The mass ratio of LDPE plastic and pyrolysis residue were 70:30%, 60:40%, and 50:50%. The comparison of sand and residual pyrolysis of plastic waste used was 1: 1. The block paving obtained was characterized using SEM and quality tests were carried out with parameters of compressive strength and water absorption. The results of SEM analysis indicate the existence of a bond between sand and plastic pyrolysis residues. The variations in the type of plastic ratio in pyrolysis process indicate the varying of compressive strength and water absorption of the paving blocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of river water has considerable importance, and it can be seen from the water quality. This study aims to determine the status of water quality and pollution that flows through the Garang River Basin from upstream reservoirs to downstream using the Canadian Council of Ministries of The Environment (CCME) method. The variables analyzed included temperature, DO, pH, depth, brightness, TSS, nitrate, phosphate, BOD, COD, Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Escherichia coli, total bacteria and sedimentation rate. Sampling location determined by purposive sampling method. The water quality status of the upstream Garang watershed is 49.67 in the wrong category, the reservoir value of 15.86 including the poor category and the downstream part of 31.93 in the poor category. The highest sedimentation rate upstream of the Garang watershed is 0.015 tons/day, while the downstream is 0.471 tons/day. Rocks dominate the sediment fraction in the Garang watershed upstream and clay downstream. The status of water quality and the level of pollution in the waters of the Garang watershed in Semarang are included in the category: often leading to always threatened and disturbed conditions and undesired levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of aquatic plants has a significant influence on the biota living at wellspring. The osmotic pressure is significant research to understand the adaptation of the environment changing to organism physiology. This research aims to know the Osmotic Work Rate by comparing osmolarity water value to aquatic plant plasma. The research method is the descriptive analysis of laboratory test results. The water sample was taken from the seven locations of the wellspring. Osmotic work rate is taken from comparing the plasma osmolarity value of the aquatic plant to water Osmolarity. Osmotic work rate zero means osmoregulation patterns isosmotic. The osmotic work rate greater than zero implies osmoregulation patterns hyperosmotic regulatory and osmoregulation patterns hypo-osmotic regulatory if the Osmotic work rate is less than zero. The patterns are used from the seven locations of good springs are the same, osmoregulation patterns of Hyperosmotic regulatory to the environment because the plasma osmolarity of water plants is more significant than water osmolarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]