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To prospectively evaluate short-term outcomes between a novel minimally invasive kidney transplantation (MIKT) technique and conventional kidney transplantation (CKT). From March 2018 to February 29, 2019, 148 patients were randomized into MIKT and CKT groups. All patients were followed up for 12 months. The MIKT group had a significantly shorter incision length (5.6 ± 0.4 vs 11.4 ± 0.4 cm, P <.001). There was no difference in operation time, blood loss, acute rejection, infection, and wound dehiscence between MIKT and CKT groups. Both groups had comparable pain scores and analgesic requirements in the first 3 days after transplantation and comparable renal function at 12 months. The MIKT group had higher satisfaction than the CKT group during follow-up (9.3 ± 0.3 vs 8.1 ± 0.5, P <.001; 9.5 ± 0.2 vs 8.5 ± 0.3, P <.001; 9.4 ± 0.3 vs 8.5 ± 0.3, P <.001; 9.2 ± 0.3 vs 8.5 ± 0.4, P =.003 for posttransplant months 1, 3, 6, and 12, respectively). The MIKT group had a significantly lower Vancouver Scar Scale score (4.1 ± 0.4 vs 5.2 ± 0.5, P <.001; 4.3 ± 0.4 vs 6.1 ± 0.4, P <.001; 5.2 ± 0.6 vs 6.7 ± 0.5, P <.001; 7.7 ± 0.7 vs 8.9 ± 0.5, P =.009 for posttransplant months 1, 3, 6, and 12, respectively). MIKT has demonstrated equivalent safety and improved patient satisfaction compared to CKT. This technique may be an appropriate choice for selected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To explore the efficacy of non‐invasive blood pressure monitors on reducing clinical complications of peripheral intravenous catheters in renal transplant recipients. Background: A peripheral intravenous catheter is a regular route of medication administration, but the incidence of complications such as infiltration, occlusion and phlebitis perpetuates in the clinical setting. Design: This was a cohort study. Methods: Patients were placed naturally into observation group or control group according to whether or not the two procedures (non‐invasive blood pressure monitoring and peripheral intravenous catheters indwelling) were on the same arm. Univariate test and Cox regression model were used to estimate relative risk factors. The STROBE checklist was used to guide the submission. Results: We identified 177 kidney recipient patients during the perioperative period with 440 peripheral intravenous catheters. There were incidences of 112 (25.5%) phlebitis, 137 (31.1%) occlusion and 150 (31.8%) infiltration. There was no significant difference between incidence of phlebitis, occlusion and infiltration between the observation group and the control group (p >.05). The observation group peripheral intravenous catheters indwelling time was 97.03 ± 6.76 hr, while it was 89.22 ± 9.55 hr for the control group. However, this difference was not significant between the two groups (p >.05). Cox risk regression showed that only a high BMI was a risk factor for peripheral intravenous catheters indwelling time. Conclusion: Non‐invasive blood pressure monitoring did not increase complications or shorten PIVCs indwelling time among renal transplant recipients. BMI represented an independent risk factor for the peripheral intravenous catheters indwelling time. Relevance to clinical practice: It is not a prohibition to take non‐invasive blood pressure measurement when having a peripheral intravenous catheter, especially in some special circumstances in the clinical practice or when good prevention procedures are implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential micronutrient for plants. To obtain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cold resistance enhanced by molybdenum application in winter wheat, we applied a proteomic approach to investigate the differential expression of proteins in response to molybdenum deficiency in winter wheat leaves under low-temperature stress. Of 13 protein spots that were identified, five spots were involved in the light reaction of photosynthesis, five were involved in the dark reaction of photosynthesis, and three were highly involved in RNA binding and protein synthesis. Before the application of cold stress, four differentially expressed proteins between the Mo deficiency (−Mo) vs. Mo application (+Mo) comparison are involved in carbon metabolism and photosynthetic electron transport. After 48 h of cold stress, nine differentially expressed proteins between the −Mo vs. +Mo comparison are involved in carbon metabolism, photosynthetic electron transport, RNA binding, and protein synthesis. Under −Mo condition, cold stress induced a more than twofold decrease in the accumulation of six differential proteins including ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large-chain precursor, phosphoglycerate kinase, cp31BHv, chlorophyll a/ b-binding protein, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit, and ribosomal protein P1, whereas under +Mo condition cold stress only decreased the expression of RuBisCO large subunit, suggesting that Mo application might contribute to the balance or stability of these proteins especially under low-temperature stress and that Mo deficiency has greater influence on differential protein expression in winter wheat after low-temperature stress. Further investigations showed that Mo deficiency decreased the concentrations of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids; the maximum net photosynthetic rate; the apparent quantum yield; and carboxylation efficiency, even before the application of the cold stress, although the decrease rates were greater after 48 h of cold treatment, which is consistent with changes in the expressions of differential proteins in winter wheat under low-temperature stress. These findings provide some new evidence that Mo might be involved in the light and dark reaction of photosynthesis and protein synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil microbial necromass carbon (C) is a crucial component of the soil organic C pool. The impact of both straw mulching treatments and years on the soil microbial necromass C accumulation remains unclear. We investigated factors driving soil microbial necromass C accumulation and its role in improving yield by analyzing the dynamic response of microbial necromass C, total organic C (TOC) and available nutrients, genes encoding carbohydrate-degrading enzymes and fruit yield of citrus under different straw types of mulching (wheat, rice, oilseed rape, no mulch) from 2019 to 2022. Annual rainfall was the main factor affecting the soil bacterial necromass C (BNC) accumulation. Straw mulching treatments were the main factor affecting the soil fungal necromass C (FNC) accumulation. Increased annual rainfall and high soil moisture levels hindered the soil microbial necromass C accumulation, especially BNC. No correlation was found between BNC and the relative abundance of genes encoding peptidoglycan (bacteria-derived biomass) degrading enzymes. Decreased relative abundance of genes encoding chitin (fungal-derived biomass) degrading enzymes, particularly GH18, favored the accumulation of FNC. Actinomycetes were the most significant contributors of the GH18 gene among microbial phyla. Moreover, oilseed rape and rice mulching treatments reduced the relative abundance of genes encoding enzymes degrading chitin. Microbial necromass C, especially BNC, was key for sustaining TOC, supplying nutrients, and enhancing citrus fruit yield. Our results provide new information for optimizing straw mulch type and application time in citrus orchards to improve soil microbial necromass accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND RESULTS CONCLUSION Metal nanoparticles are widely used in agricultural production. As a new type of molybdenum fertilizer, MoO3NPs have the properties of nanomaterials and the characteristics of molybdenum nutrition. Previous studies have focused on their role in promoting crop growth. However, it is unknown whether excessive MoO3NPs will affect crop quality and nutritional value. In this study, the effects of different concentrations of MoO3NPs (0, 0.15, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10, 50, 100 mg kg−1) on the growth and quality of soybean were investigated by pot experiments to analyze the plant effects caused by MoO3NPs.The results showed that the effects of MoO3NPs treatment on plant biomass and nodule number were promoted at low concentrations (0.15–5 mg kg−1) and inhibited at high concentrations (10–100 mg kg−1). According to the logistic distribution model, it was predicted that MoO3NPs would have the strongest toxic effect on soybean flowering stage. The contents of MoO3NPs which reduced the yield of soybean by 10% and 20% were 12.38 and 30.81 mg kg−1. NP0.15 could significantly improve the total amount of amino acids in grains, while NP100 reduced the total amount of amino acids in grains, both of them significantly increasing the contents of linolenic acid and linoleic acid in soybean seeds.A change of MoO3NPs concentration had no negative effect on the nutritional value of soybean grains. The research could lead to a better understanding of the potential impact of nutritional changes caused by MoO3NPs on human health. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Ensuring adequate and balanced nutrient supply is crucial for enhancing citrus fruit quality. Some plants could modulate nutrient bioavailability in soil through the enhancement of root exudation. The study aimed to reveal how citrus change its root exudates metabolism profile to adapt to the soil with secondary nutrients and micronutrients deficiency. Methods: Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Newhall ×Poncirus trifoliate (L.) Raf grown in Ganzhou citrus orchards was used to evaluate the effect of soil applied and foliar sprayed secondary nutrients and micronutrients (Ca, Mg, B, Fe, Zn, Se) on the mineral elements concentration, external and intrinsic quality of citrus. The hydroponic experiment was conducted with Poncirus trifoliate (L.) Raf grown either in full nutrient solutions or in specific nutrient shortage conditions (Ca, Mg, B) for 45 days to obtain root exudate and perform untargeted metabolomic analysis (UHPLC-MS/MS). Results: Adequate supplementation of secondary nutrients and micronutrients effectively enhanced the nutritional value and intrinsic quality (TSS/TA) of citrus. 791 features were identified in citrus root exudates. Some metabolites was identified as root exudates for the first time, such as hecogenin, bergaptol and limonin. In the absence of secondary nutrients and micronutrients, citrus roots will secrete more substances related to plant disease resistance, nutrient acquisition and plant-microbial interactions, such as resveratrol, cinnamaldehyde, scopoletin, and phloretin. Conclusion: These findings highlight the value of secondary nutrients and micronutrients in regulating fruit quality and root exudates metabolism profile of citrus. It reveal the strategies of citrus to mitigate the nutrient deficiency in soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuropathic pain (NP) is a common type of chronic pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. This condition imposes a considerable economic burden on society and patients. Daphnetin (DAP) is a natural product isolated from a Chinese medicinal herb with various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. However, the underlying mechanisms of these effects are not fully understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate DAP's anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects and explore the underlying mechanisms of action. The NP model was established as chronic constrictive injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve, and pain sensitivity was evaluated by measuring the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal threshold (TWT). The activation of microglia in the spinal dorsal horn was measured via immunofluorescence staining. Protein levels were measured using a western blot assay. Using a mass-spectrometry proteomics platform and an LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics platform, proteins and metabolites in spinal cord tissues were extracted and analyzed. DAP treatment ameliorated the MWT and TWT in CCI rats. The expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was inhibited by DAP treatment in the spinal cords of CCI rats. Moreover, the activation of microglia was suppressed after DAP treatment. The elevation in the levels of P2X4, IRF8, IRF5, BDNF, and p-P38/P38 in the spinal cord caused by CCI was inhibited by DAP. Proteomics and metabolomics results indicated that DAP ameliorated the imbalance of glycerophospholipid metabolism in the spinal cords of CCI rats. DAP can potentially ameliorate NP by regulating microglial responses and glycerophospholipid metabolism in the CCI model. This study provides a pharmacological justification for using DAP in the management of NP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • NO signal is involved in Mo-improved root growth in wheat under drought stress. • Root pressure is the power of Mo-increased root water uptake. • Aquaporin expression and extensive root morphology play important roles in Mo-increased root water uptake. • Mo supply maintains the mineral nutrient homeostasis in wheat under drought stress. Abstract Molybdenum (Mo) despite elevating drought tolerance is comparatively little understood with regard to underlying mechanisms involved. We herein investigated the effects of Mo on root morphology, root water uptake, aquaporin (AQP) expressions and mineral nutrient concentrations in winter wheat under polyethylene glycol 6000-simulated drought stress (PSD). Our study firstly demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) signal was involved in Mo-regulated root growth, mainly reflected in Mo supply and NO donors enhanced root morphology such as lateral root length and root tips due to increased NO production; however, NO scavengers decreased root morphology due to decreased NO production under PSD. The root water uptake rate was enhanced by Mo, which positively correlated with root tips and lateral root length. Mo supply improved AQPs expressions, particularly TaPIPs , suggesting that the improvements of root growth and AQPs expressions were involved in Mo-increased water uptake in wheat root under PSD. Further study showed that Mo application decreased wheat leaf transpiration, but increased root osmotic-adjustment ions K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations, indicating that root osmotic pressure induced by increased ionic concentrations was the power of Mo-increased water uptake, but not transpirational pull induced by transpiration. This study suggests that Mo improves water uptake via extensive root morphology, AQP expressions and increased ionic concentrations in wheat under drought stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message: Our study first reveals that Mo mediates oxidative tolerance through ABA signaling. Moreover, NO acts downstream of ABA signaling in Mo-induced oxidative tolerance in wheat under drought stress.Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is related to the improvement of molybdenum (Mo)-induced oxidative tolerance. While the function of Mo in abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis and in mediating oxidative tolerance by the interaction of ABA and NO remain to be studied. The -Mo and +Mo treatment-cultivated wheat was separated and subsequently was pretreated with AO inhibitor, ABA synthesis inhibitor, exogenous ABA, NO scavenger, NO donor or their combinations under polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG)-stimulated drought stress (PSD). The AO activity and ABA content were increased by Mo in wheat under PSD, however, AO inhibitor decreased AO activity, correspondingly reduced ABA accumulation, suggesting that AO involves in the regulation of Mo-induced ABA synthesis. Mo enhanced activities and expressions of antioxidant enzyme, while these effects of Mo were reversed by AO inhibitor and ABA synthesis inhibitor due to the decrease of ABA content, but regained by exogenous ABA, indicating that Mo induces oxidative tolerance through ABA. Moreover, NO scavenger inhibited activities of antioxidant enzyme caused by Mo and exogenous ABA, but the inhibitions were eliminated by NO donor, indicating that NO is involved in ABA pathway in the regulation of Mo-induced oxidative tolerance in wheat under PSD. Finally, we proposed a scheme for the mechanism of Mo-induced oxidative tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some studies have shown that excess molybdenum (Mo) could produce toxic effects on plants. However, little is known about the subcellular distribution of Mo and cell ultrastructure within plants under excess Mo stress. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the changes of Mo distribution in subcellular fractions, cell ultrastructure and antioxidant enzymes in leaves and roots of soybean seedlings in response to excess Mo stress. The results showed that roots exhibited higher Mo accumulation than leaves at the 100 mg L −1 Mo level, about 38.58-, 171.48- and 52.99-fold higher in cell walls, cell organelles and soluble fractions, respectively. Subcellular fractionations of Mo-containing tissues indicated that approximately 90% of Mo was accumulated in the soluble fractions and cell walls of the roots and leaves, and soluble fractions (accumulated 66.3–72.2% Mo) might serve as an effective storage site for excess Mo. Furthermore, excess Mo caused ultrastructural alterations in roots and leaves of soybean seedlings, leading to structural abnormality of chloroplast in leaf cells, plasmolysis, cellular deformity, vacuole enlargement and the swelling of cell wall and cytoplasm in root cells. Meanwhile, under excess Mo stress, the activity of POD, CAT and APX enzymes in roots was 1.43, 2.35 and 1.23 times that under standard Mo condition, while that of SOD and CAT enzymes in leaves was 1.23 and 1.94 times, respectively. This study provided novel insights into the mechanisms of excess Mo toxicity in soybean seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutritional enhancement has been reported to effectively relieve infected symptoms of Huanglongbing, one of the most destructive diseases of citrus. However, few studies focused on the role of plant nutrition in citrus plant–vector (Asian citrus psyllid; Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) interactions, which is regarded as an important part to develop an effective management strategy. Method In the present study, a hydroponic culture was carried out to evaluate the effects of boron deficiency on psyllid feeding process to decode the molecular/biochemical basis of host–psyllid interaction. Results Boron deficiency was observed to play a major role in accelerating the release of volatile organic compounds, especially methyl salicylate, affecting the shikimic acid pathway through an elevated synthesis of shikimic acid, l -phenylalanine, 3-phenylpyruvic acid and salicylic acid. These changes made citrus leaf more attractive to psyllid adults. Meanwhile, boron deficiency evidently decreased the boron concentration of leaf cell wall fractions, thereby, weakened the structural stability by affecting pectin and cellulose formations. A significant decrease of cell wall mechanical strength was observed in boron-deficiency leaf, which could be the critical reasons to reduce piercing and to increase phloem ingestion during psyllid feeding. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that boron deficiency facilitated the feeding behavior of psyllid adults through elevated release of methyl salicylate, coupled with weakened mechanical properties of cell wall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus-modified biochars are considered as good materials for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. However, the efficacy of ammonium polyphosphate-modified biochar in cadmium (Cd(II)) adsorption remains largely unknown. In this work, the biochar was respectively modified with ammonium polyphosphate (PABC), phosphoric acid (PHBC) and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (PNBC) to enhance its adsorption performance for heavy metals from wastewater. The properties of biochar before and after modification and P speciation on the surface of the modified biochar were investigated with FTIR, SEM-EDS, XPS, XRD and 31P NMR, and the adsorption capacity was evaluated by batch adsorption experiments. The results demonstrated that the optimal adsorption performance could be achieved at the solution pH = 4, and the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models could well describe the Cd(II) adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity of PABC, PHBC and PNBC for Cd(II) was 155, 138 and 99 mg g−1, which were 4.84, 4.32 and 3.10 folds that of original biochar, respectively. The 31P NMR showed that orthophosphate accounted for 82.1%, 62.8% and 54.5% of P in PABC, PHBC and PNBC, respectively, which decreased to 28.24%, 33.51% and 29.34% after Cd(II) adsorption, indicating that the orthophosphate ratio in P-modified biochar surface could significantly affect Cd adsorption by forming phosphate precipitate. This work implies that the PABC has greater potential in the removal of Cd from wastewater relative to PHBC and PNBC. [Display omitted] • P speciation significantly affect the P-enriched biochars' Cd(Ⅱ) performance. • Adsorption capacity showed a positive linear relationship with surface orthophosphate. • P speciation of modified biochar surface varies with different P reagent. • Ammonium polyphosphate-modified biochar exhibit the highest Cd(II) removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lemon is an important economic crop in the world and can bloom several times each year. The Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province is one of the main lemon-producing areas in China, and is a suitable area for planting high-quality lemons in China. However, the hot and rainy summers in Yunnan are not conducive to flower bud differentiation, which leads to low lemon yield. Therefore, normal flower bud differentiation is important to guarantee lemon production and quality. In this study, we selected some lemon trees for a pot experiment, and we sprayed the lemon leaves with gibberellin and paclobutrazol to regulate lemon flower formation. We set four separate concentration gradients for each regulator: 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/L. The PBZ concentration gradients were 200, 400, 600, and 1200 mg/L. After the experiment, we determined and analyzed the morphological index and fruit quality of the lemon trees. The results showed that under the same cultivation and management conditions, spraying paclobutrazol substantially inhibited the growth of lemon shoots, increased the fruit setting rate, and improved the fruit yield. However, gibberellin considerably reduced the number of lemon flowering branches and promoted the vegetative growth of the lemons. When the concentration of paclobutrazol was 600 mg/L, the amount of lemon fruits reached the maximum, which remarkably increased the titratable acid and soluble solids contents of the fruit and ultimately increased the fruit quality compared with the control. Altogether, selecting the appropriate concentration of regulators to control the flowering and fruit setting of fruit trees is important and has value in guiding actual production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molybdenum (Mo), as an essential trace element in plants, plays an essential role in abiotic stress tolerance of plants. To obtain a better understanding of drought tolerance enhanced by Mo, a hydroponic trial was conducted to investigate the effects of Mo on water utilization, antioxidant enzymes, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and osmotic-adjustment products in the Mo-efficient ‘97003’ and Mo-inefficient ‘97014’ under PEG simulated drought stress. Our results indicate that Mo application significantly enhanced P n , chlorophyll, dry matter, grain yield, biomass, RWC and WUE and decreased T r , G s and water loss of wheat under drought stress, suggesting that Mo application improved the water utilization capacity in wheat. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants content such as ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, carotenoid were significantly increased and malonaldehyde contents were decreased by Mo application under PEG simulated drought stress, suggesting that Mo application enhanced the ability of scavenging active oxygen species. The osmotic-adjustment products such as soluble protein, proline and soluble sugar were also increased by Mo application under PEG simulated drought stress, indicating that Mo improved the osmotic adjustment ability in wheat. It is hypothesized that Mo application might improve the drought tolerance of wheat by enhancing water utilization capability and the abilities of antioxidative defense and osmotic adjustment. Similarities and differences between the Mo-efficient and Mo-inefficient cultivars wheat in response to Mo under drought stress are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molybdenum oxide nanoparticles (NPMo) is a novel clean molybdenum source fertilizer known for enhancing grain yield in agricultural crops, including soybean. However, the impact of NPMo application on soybean's nutritional quality remains unclear. To investigate, a potted plant experiment compared soybeans response to three molybdenum sources (NPMo, bulk molybdenum trioxide (BMo), and ammonium molybdate (IMo)), focusing on mineral, fatty acid, and amino acid contents. The results showed that Mo application could improve yield of soybean, as supported by the increased index of yield composition. Further study showed that Mo application increased the concentrations of macronutrients and micronutrients by improve root traits and nodule number. In addition, Mo application optimized the composition of fatty acid by improving polyunsaturated fatty acids via the increased contents of linoleic, linolenic acid and decreased oleic acid in soybean seed. The essential amino acid (EAA) and total amino acid (TAA) content of seeds in soybean-treated with IMo and BMo was higher than that in NPMo treatment, but the EAA/TAA ratio of amino acid in IMo and BMo treatment was lower than that in NPMo treatment, indicating that more bioavailability of seeds in NPMo treatment and this was verified by the higher value of essential amino acid index and biomass value in NPMo treatment. The study finally suggested that NPMo fertilizer increased yield and nutritional quality of soybean. • Mo applications improve soybean yield and enhance nutritional quality. • BMo and NPMo may have a stronger ability to enhances nutritional quality. • NPMo had the higher value of essential amino acid index and biomass value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Iron deficiency chlorosis occurred frequently in many fruit trees grown on calcareous soils with a high pH. A field experiment of Fe–EDDHA application and a nutritional status survey on citrus orchards were conducted to observe the effects of Fe–EDDHA application on iron chlorosis of citrus trees. Three approaches, i.e., Sufficiency Range Approach (SRA), Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) and Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND), were performed to evaluate the nutrient balance status of citrus trees. DRIS and CND were suitable to diagnose and evaluate nutrient balance status of citrus trees grown on calcareous soils with a high pH. The diagnosis results revealed that Fe–EDDHA application significantly improved Fe nutrition and decreased Zn in chlorotic citrus trees. The nutritional status of Zn, Mn, Fe, P and Mg were at the deficient levels and Cu, N, Ca and K at the excessive levels in iron treatment citrus trees. The results demonstrated that the leaf chlorosis of citrus trees grown on calcareous soils with a high pH was mainly caused by iron deficiency, but it was not the single cause leading to the nutrient imbalance in iron chlorotic citrus trees. DRIS and CND were suitable to diagnose and evaluate nutrient balance status of citrus trees grown on calcareous soils with a high pH. The results revealed that Zn and Mn deficiencies became the new limiting factors in iron deficiency citrus trees after iron chlorosis correction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of arsenic (As) stress on growth, nutrition and As uptake, and speciation in shoots and roots of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Winter wheat has high tolerance to As. Most As is accumulated in the roots, and an As concentration of 4,421 mg/kg was observed at a solution concentration of 20 mg/L As. Arsenic concentrations in roots were approximately 40–100 times greater than those in shoots. Arsenic in winter wheat roots and shoots occurred as both As3+ and As5+ species, although As3+ was the main species in winter wheat tissues. Arsenic significantly decreased the biomass of winter wheat shoots and roots and affected absorption and transport of micro- and macro-elements in winter wheat tissue. Arsenic treatment significantly increased the concentrations of total Magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) in shoots and enhanced the transport of Mg and Ca from roots to shoots but decreased potassium (K), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations in both shoots and roots, particularly the concentration of P. Concentrations of iron, copper, and zinc in winter wheat shoots were negatively related to As rates, with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.93, 0.94, and 0.97, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential microelement for higher plants and plays a significant role in nitrogen (N) metabolism, which includes nitrate reduction, assimilation, and efficient N acquisition. Its deficiency in soil may induce the reduction of N uptake and wheat yield. Aims: We aimed to explore the Mo‐induced effects on N uptake efficiency and recovery in Mo‐inefficient winter wheat cultivar using a 15N isotope tracer under different N forms (Nf) and N rates (Nr). Methods: The experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions, and the treatments included three Nf in the form of 15NH4Cl as sole NH4+, Ca (15NO3)2 as sole NO3−, and 15NH415NO3) under two Nr [low (L) 0.05 and high (H) 0.25 g N kg–1 soil], with (+Mo) in form of [(NH4)6Mo7O24 ∙ 4H2O] and without (–Mo) Mo application. The plant biomass, Mo content, total N uptake, fertilizer 15N uptake, soil N uptake, as well as N uptake, agronomic and physiological efficiency were evaluated. Furthermore, the fertilizer 15N recovery in various wheat organs was also studied. Results: The results revealed that Mo application increased N uptake efficiency in wheat to 38.26%, 68.24%, and 71.53% when the plants are treated with low rates of NH4+, NO3−, and NH4NO3, respectively. While at a high N rate, N uptake efficiency increases to 46.26% and 45.34% in the case of NO3− and NH4NO3 treatments, respectively, and it was slightly reduced to 10.84% when plants were supplied with NH4+ form. Mo supply increased 15N recovery from fertilizer in grain organ under low N rate with all supplied Nf, that is, NH4+, NO3−, and NH4NO3, while at high N rate, Mo enhanced 15N recovery in grains organ in case of NO3− and NH4NO3 forms. Conclusion: This study shows that Mo fertilization may be a promising strategy to improve N uptake efficiency and recovery in wheat when nitrate is the main N form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential macro-elements for plants. Sugar and organic acid are important factors affecting sensory characteristics of citrus fruit quality. The aim of this study was to investigate how P fertilizer affects quality improvement particularly sucrose (Suc), fructose (Fru), glucose (Glu) and citric acid (CA) accumulations in Cara Cara navel. P fertilizer improved fruit quality of Cara Cara navel, as supported by decreasing titratable acid (TA), CA and increasing soluble solid (TSS), sugars and the ratio of TSS and TA. At the early stage of fruit development, P fertilizer had greater roles in degrading Suc into Fru and Glu due to the increased activities of Suc-degrading enzymes including acid invertase, neutral invertase and Suc synthase-cleavage activity. Coversely, at the mid and late stages of fruit development, P fertilizer had greater roles in re-synthesizing Suc due to the increased activities of Suc-synthesizing enzymes including Suc phosphate synthase and Suc synthase-synthetic activity. These results indicated that application of P fertilizer increased soluble sugars concentrations by improving Suc metabolism and sink strength in fruit conferred by the upregulations of the activities of Suc-degrading and Suc-synthesizing enzymes. P fertilizer decreased CA accumulations at least partially by inhibiting synthesis of CA due to the decreased activities of CA-synthesizing enzymes including citrate synthetase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. This study suggested that P fertilizer, particularly fertilized with 0.40 kg/plant, increased soluble sugars but decreased CA accumulations in citrus fruit. • Phosphorus (P) fertilizer improved fruit quality of Cara Cara navel. • P enhanced sugar accumulations by improving sucrose metabolism and sink strength. • P fertilizer reduced citric acid accumulations partially by inhibiting its synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kidney transplantation is the major treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) face severe challenges during the transition period from hospital discharge to home, increasing the risk of early hospital readmission (EHR) and affecting patient safety. Nevertheless, knowledge of effective transitional care for KTRs is limited in China. To evaluate the effectiveness of an innovative transitional care program in improving discharge readiness, transitional care quality, health services utilization and patient satisfaction among KTRs in China. A prospective randomized controlled trial. Patients admitted to undergo kidney transplantation were recruited in a general tertiary hospital in Chengdu, China. A total of 220 eligible patients were recruited and randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. Participants in the intervention group received a transitional care intervention developed by the research team, including a risk assessment for early readmission, health education from admission to predischarge, individualized discharge planning, and a telephone follow-up once per week for one month and WeChat follow-up postdischarge. The control group received routine care of comparable length and follow-up contact. A trained research assistant collected all patients' baseline data on admission (T0), evaluated the discharge readiness (by the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale) on the day of discharge (T1), collected data on transitional care quality (by the Care Transition Measure-15) and patients' satisfaction with transitional care services (by a self-developed patient satisfaction scale) on the 30th day postdischarge (T2), and collected data on hospital readmission, unscheduled outpatient department visits, and emergency room visits on the 30th and 90th days (by a self-developed health services utilization record table) (T3) postdischarge. Intervention effects were analyzed using independent samples t-tests, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U tests, Chi-square tests or Fisher's exact test. Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed significantly better discharge readiness (personal status, P <0.001; knowledge, P = 0.010; coping ability, P <0.001; expected support, P = 0.007; total score, P <0.001), better transitional care quality (importance of preferences, P <0.001; management preparation, P <0.001; critical understanding, P = 0.003; written and understandable care plan, P = 0.012; total score, P <0.001), lower readmission rate at T2 (P = 0.033) and at T3 (P = 0.013), lower emergency room visit rate at T3 (P = 0.014), and better satisfaction with transitional care services (P <0.001). This study provides evidence that an innovative transitional care program is effective in promoting KTRs' discharge readiness, transitional care quality, reducing hospital readmission and emergency room visits, and improving their satisfaction with transitional care services. Clinical Trials ChiCTR1800014971 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A better understanding is required for using biochar as an alternative option to lime materials for sustainable amelioration of soil acidity and improvement of fruit quality in acidic soils. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the comparative effects of biochar (three different dosages of biochar, 1%, 2% and 4%, were denoted by BC-1, BC-2 and BC-3, respectively) and lime (three different dosages of lime, 1.2, 2.4 and 3.6 g kg−1, were denoted by L-1, L-2 and L-3, respectively) on soil properties and fruit acidity of Satsuma mandarin. The decreased rates of fruit titratable acid (TA) by BC-1, BC-2 and BC-3 were 16.18%, 25.00% and 14.71%, which were higher than those by L-1, L-2 and L-3 were 11.76%, 16.18% and 5.88%. Moreover, the increased rates of fruit total soluble solid (TSS)/TA were 14.94%, 31.73%, 28.04% by BC-1, BC-2 and BC-3, but were 11.42%, 21.77%, 10.15% by L-1, L-2 and L-3, suggesting that biochar had better effects on improving fruit quality. Acidic soil properties were improved by biochar and lime, but biochar had better amelioration effects, as evidenced by soil-treated with BC-2 and BC-3 had greater increases of soil pH, soil respiration (SR) and microbial metabolic quotient, activities of soil urease (SU), invertase (SI), catalase (CAT) and cellulose (SC), and concentrations of soil phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg). Principal component analysis showed that soil pH, SR, SU, SI and CAT were main contributors to the differences of improvement effects of biochar and lime. Correlation analysis showed that fruit TA had negative relationships with soil pH, SU, SI, CAT, SC and soil P, K, Mg. This study indicates that the better effects of biochar on improving fruit quality of Satsuma mandarin were associated with the greater effects of it on improving acidic soil properties. Unlabelled Image • Biochar is superior to lime in improving acidic soil and fruit quality. • Biochar had better effects on reducing fruit acidity than lime. • Biochar affected nutrients availability of soil and accumulation of Satsuma mandarin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molybdenum (Mo), which is an essential microelement for plant growth, plays important roles in multiple metabolic and physiological processes, including responses to drought and cold stress in wheat. Lipids also have crucial roles in plant adaptions to abiotic stresses. The aim of this study was to use glycerolipidomic and transcriptomic analyses to determine the changes in lipids induced by Mo that are associated with Mo-enhanced drought tolerance in wheat. Mo treatments increased the transcript levels of genes involved in fatty acid and glycerolipid biosynthesis and desaturation, but suppressed the expression of genes involved in oxylipin production. Wheat plants supplemented with Mo displayed higher contents of monogalactosyldiacyglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldoacylglycerol (DGDG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) with increased levels of unsaturation. The levels of MGDG, DGDG, PG, and PC increased under PEG-simulated drought (PSD), and the magnitude of the responses varied in the presence and absence of Mo. Mo increased the accumulation of the most abundant glycerolipid species of C36:6, C34:4, and C34:3 by increasing the expression of genes related to desaturation under PSD, and this contributed to maintaining the fluidity of membranes. In addition, Mo attenuated the decreases in the ratios of DGDG/MGDG and PC/PE that were observed under PSD. These changes in lipids in Mo-treated wheat would contribute to maintaining the integrity of membranes and to protecting the photosynthetic apparatus, thus acting together to enhance drought tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium (Mg) has been found to promote the color change citrus peel, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, Mg application treatment significantly increased the Mg content in the peel of Satsuma mandarin fruit during the expansion stage (90–150 days after flowering). Mg fertilizer treatment was also found to significantly reduce chlorophyll (Chl) a content and increase β, β-xanthophyll (β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, neoxanthin), and abscisic acid (ABA) content in the flavedo during the key period of color change in Satsuma mandarin (165–195 days after flowering). Under Mg fertilizer treatment, Chl biosynthesis genes (CitGGDR , CitCHLH , CitCHLM , CitCHL27 , and CitPORA) was down-regulated and that of Chl degradation genes (CitNYC , CitPPH , CitPAO , and CitRCCR) was up-regulated, which resulted in a lower Chl content in the flavedo than the control. Moreover, Mg fertilizer treatment up-regulated carotenoid biosynthesis genes (CitPSY , CitPDS , CitZDS , CitLCYb1 , CitLCYb2 , CitZEP , CitNCED2 , and CitNCED3), leading to the accumulation of β, β-xanthophyll and ABA in the flavedo. Mg fertilizer treatment also promoted sugar (mainly fructose, glucose, and sucrose) accumulation in fruit flavedo, which showed significant negative correlations with Chl, α-carotene, lutein, and β-carotene, but positive correlations with β, β-xanthophyll compositions, and ABA in the flavedo. An analysis integrating transcriptome and metabolome data revealed that Mg may promote the color change of Satsuma mandarin fruit flavedo by regulating various metabolic pathways related to peel coloration, such as sugar accumulation, Chl degradation, carotenoid and ABA biosynthesis, and carbon fixation. The results can explain the regulatory pathways and networks of Mg-induced citrus peel coloration. [Display omitted] • Mg application promoted chlorophyll degradation in Satsuma mandarin flavedo. • Mg application increased β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, neoxanthin, and ABA contents in Satsuma mandarin flavedo. • Mg application increased sugar accumulation in Satsuma mandarin flavedo. • The impacts may be ascribed to the expression of genes associated with pigment-sugar metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molybdenum application holds the potential to enhance agricultural productivity. However, the precise impact on soil microbial diversity and mineral nutrient availability remains uncertain. In this study, we collected rhizosphere soil samples from different growth stages of broad beans. By analyzing mineral element contents, soil phosphorus and zinc fractions, as well as fungal and bacterial diversity, we observed that Mo application resulted in a reduction of soil Citrate‒P and HCl‒P content. This reduction led to an increase in available P content at different stages. Moreover, Mo application elevated root P concentration, but concurrently impeded the translocation of P to the shoots. Mo application also decreased the soil Exc‒Zn (exchangeable Zn) content while increasing the Res‒Zn (residual Zn) content, ultimately causing a decrease in available Zn content at different stages. Consequently, the Zn concentration within broad beans correspondingly decreased. Mo application fostered an augmentation in fungal richness and Shannon indices at the branching and podding stages. The analysis of microbial co-occurrence networks indicated that Mo application bolstered positive connectivity among fungal taxa. Remarkably, Mo significantly increased the abundance of Chaetomium , Leucosporidium , and Thielavia fungi. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation between fungal diversity and soil available P content, as well as a notable negative correlation with soil available Zn content. These findings suggest that Mo application may modify the availability of soil P and Zn by influencing fungal diversity in the rhizosphere of crop soil, ultimately impacting nutrient accumulation within the grains. [Display omitted] • Mo application improved P availability in the rhizosphere soil. • Mo application reduced soil Zn availability. • Mo application reduced P concentration in grain. • Mo and P content had a significant positive correlation with fungal diversity. • Mo application increased the abundance and connectivity of fungal taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to further examine the effect of Magnesium (Mg) application on fruit quality and carotenoid metabolism in Satsuma mandarin pulp. For this, a field experiment was using 20-year-old Satsuma mandarin (C. unshiu Marc.) for two treatment; (1) CK treatment (without Mg), (2) Mg fertilizer treatment (200 g MgO plant−1). Compared with CK, Mg treatment substantially raised the Mg content in pulp at 90 to 150 DAF (the fruit expansion period), increasing by 15.69%–21.74%. Mg treatment also increased fruit TSS content by 15.84% and 9.88%, decreased fruit TA content in by 34.25% and 33.26% at 195 DAF and 210 DAF (the fruit ripening period). Moreover, at 120 to 195 DAF, Mg treatment significantly increased the levels of lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin and violaxanthin in the pulp. This can be explained by the increased expression of important biosynthetic genes, including CitPSY , CitPDS , CitLCYb1 , CitLCYb2 , CitLCYe , CitHYb , and CitZEP , that played a role in altering the carotenoid composition. The findings of this research offer a novel approach for augmenting both the economic and nutritional worth of citrus fruits. • Mg increases the Mg content in Satsuma mandarin pulp at fruit expansion period. • Improving the flavor of satsuma mandarin fruit by applying Mg. • Mg increases lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin and violaxanthin in pulp. • Mg accelerates carotenoid accumulation via carotenoid metabolism gene expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fruit quality of 6 citrus cultivars growing in the same orchard was determined at ripening stage in both 2014 and 2015. We further measured the components of sugar (sucrose, fructose and glucose), organic acid (citric, malate and quinic acid), enzymes related to Glycolysis and Krebs cycle and mineral elements at 5 stages of fruit development in the second year. The results showed that at ripening stage of both years, ‘Newhall’ cultivar had higher TSS concentration and the TSS/TA ratio but lower TA concentration, while ‘Flame’ cultivar was exactly opposite. Sucrose and citric acid were the most accumulated compounds in fruit during the fruit development of 6 citrus cultivars. Fruit sucrose concentration increased from 9.26 mg·kg −1 at 60 DAFB to 50.92 mg·kg −1 at 180 DAFB, and the citric acid concentration increased from 1.41 mg·kg −1 at 60 DAFB to 29.87 mg·kg −1 at 90 DAFB or 29.02 mg·kg −1 at 120 DAFB then decreased till ripening (5.47 mg·kg −1 ). We found ACO was the key enzyme resulting in the difference of citric acid accumulation, but not quite clear in sucrose metabolism. The fruit mineral nutrient concentrations of 6 cultivars during the fruit development were 0.94–1.92% of N, 0.11–0.23% of P, 1.03–1.37% of K, 0.31–1.15% of Ca, 0.11–0.29% of Mg, 3.97–72.34 mg·Fe kg −1 , 1.93–10.64 mg·Mn kg −1 , 1.56–10.73 mg·Cu kg −1 , and 0.90–16.80 mg·Zn kg −1 . We also analyzed the relationship among each sugar, organic acid component and mineral nutrient in this study by curve estimation and PCA analysis. The results indicated that only Mg was significantly correlated with both sugar and organic acid component, negative and positive respectively. It suggested that the accumulation of sugar and organic acid might be related to the dynamic changes of fruit Mg concentrations of 6 citrus cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Molybdenum (Mo), a plant micronutrient, is involved in nitrogen (N) cycling of global ecosystem, but little is known about its effect on soil N transformation especially the key processes nitrification and denitrification. A long‐term field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of continuous sufficient soil available Mo on vegetable N uptake and soil N transformation. The experiment consisted of three treatments: control (CK), Mo deficiency (NPK), and Mo application (NPK+Mo). The results show that (1) after a 7‐year‐experiment, continuous Mo application significantly increased soil available Mo content. (2) Compared to the NPK treatment, NPK+Mo treatment showed an increase of 11, 18, and 8% in the cumulative crop yield, plant N uptake, and N fertilizer use efficiency. (3) With continuous Mo application, the soil NO 3 - - N, NH 4 + - N, microbial biomass N, and total N contents were reduced by 14, 29, 40, and 12%, the soil nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) activities were reduced by 14 and 8%, as well as the potential denitrification activity (PDA) and gross nitrification rate (GNR) were decreased by 64 and 80%, respectively. Additionally, continuous Mo application decreased the abundance of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) and increased the abundance of narG‐containing denitrifiers (narG) and nirK‐type nitrite reducers (nirK) significantly. The data suggest that a deficiency in soil available Mo may induce the risk of soil N accumulation and environmental N emission in vegetable soil, whereas continuous Mo application could mitigate this risk by increasing crop yield and N uptake and, by decreasing soil N residues, soil nitrification and denitrification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the similarities of molybdenum (Mo) with tungsten (W) in the physical structure and chemical properties, studies involving the two elements have mainly examined their competitive relationships. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of equimolar W on Mo accumulation, transport and subcellular distribution in oilseed rape at two Mo levels with four treatments: Mo 1 (1 μmol/L Mo, Low Mo), Mo 1 + W 1 (1 μmol/L Mo + 1 μmol/L W, Low Mo with Low W), Mo 200 (200 μmol/L Mo, High Mo) and Mo 200 + W 200 (200 μmol/L Mo + 200 μmol/L Mo, High Mo with high W). The fresh weight and root growth were inhibited by equimolar W at both low and high Mo levels. The Mo concentration and accumulation in root was increased by equimolar W at the low Mo level, but that in the root and shoot was decreased at the high Mo level. Additionally, equimolar W increased the Mo concentrations of xylem and phloem sap at low Mo level, but decreased that of xylem and increased that of phloem sap at the high Mo level. Furthermore, equimolar W decreased the expression of BnMOT1 in roots and leaves at the low Mo level, and only decreased its expression in leaves at the high Mo level. The expression of BnMOT2 was also decreased in root for equimolar W compared with the low Mo level, but increased compared with high Mo level. Moreover, equimolar W increased the proportion of Mo in cell wall fraction in root and that of soluble fraction in leaves when compared with the low Mo level. The results suggest that cell wall and soluble fractions might be responsible for the adaptation of oilseed rape to W stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Psyllid feeding behaviors affect leaf traits aided in recognition of host and phloem ingestion in the process of dc feeding. • Nutrition enhancement relieve the effects of feeding behaviors of psyllids on leaf growth. • The pesticide+nutrients treatment showed a higher reduction rate of dc population than the only pesticide treatment. : Liviidae) is the primary vector of pathogenic bacteria disseminating Huanglongbing. Nutrients enhancement have been reported to be few optional methods to relieve Huanglongbing. However, limited studies have focused on the interactions between citrus plants and psyllid under nutritional enhancement. The present work was conducted to study psyllid feeding and psyllid feeding with nutrients enhancement. Our results suggested that psyllid feeding up-regulated the amino acid metabolism especial phenylalanine of leaf, which hence attracted more insect adults. Psyllid feeding significantly decreased palisade tissue pectin methylation but increased fibrous ring tissue, with increasing the concentration of different nutrients of leaves, resulted in an increased leaf thickness, leaf weight, and leaf dry mass per unit area. These changes facilitated psyllid feeding process, embodied in increased phloem ingestion and decrease in piercing process. While, foliar supply of nutrients affected the leaf nutrient composition, having cascading effect on down-regulation of amino acids mediated metabolism coupled with poor growth of palisade tissues, but accelerated the growth of fibrous ring tissues inhibited the ability of psyllid to recognize host, thereby, reduced the feeding efficiency of psyllid. Compared with the pesticide treatment, pesticide+nutrients treatment showed a higher reduction rate of psyllid population. Our study, hence, provided some evidences about behavior of psyllid under three distinct feeding environments, for insightful analysis of behavioral dynamics of psyllid feeding, an issue considered important for uncontrolled spread of Huanglongbing. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Tomato sugars and acids were differentially regulated by different K fertilizers. • K enhanced sugar accumulations by improving sucrose metabolism and transport in tomato. • K increased citrate accumulations by improving citrate synthesis and TCA cycle. • The accumulation of soluble sugar and organic acid exhibited specific K fertilizer-effect. Soluble sugars and organic acids are mainly decisive factor of flavor quality in tomato. Potassium (K), an essential macroelement, plays key roles in regulation of plant growth, stress responses and fruit quality. However, the comparative effects of different K fertilizer on soluble sugars and organic acids accumulation and the differential mechanisms are still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate how K fertizliers (K_Cl, K_S) affect the accumulations of soluble sugars and organic acids in tomato fruits. The results indicated that K applications improved fruit flavor quality of tomato, as supported by the increased concentrations of soluble solid, titratable acid, fructose, glucose, sucrose (Suc), citric acid (CA) and malic acid (MA). Further study showed that K application increased the accumulations of soluble sugars by improving Suc metabolism, sink strength and Suc transport due to the increased expressions of Suc-metabolizing enzyme genes and SlSWEETs and SlSUTs in tomato. K applications increased the accumulations of MA and CA by improving CA synthesis and TCA cycle due to the increased expressions CA-metabolizing enzyme genes. Moreover, more Suc of leaves were transferred into fruits in K4_Cl treatment, which was supported by the lower concentrations of soluble sugars and higher expressions of SlSUT1 and SlSWEET11b in leaves. More carbohydrates were allocated to form yield and metabolic substrate in K4_S treatment, which was supported by the higher expressions of SlSUT4 and more differential metabolic pathway in fruits. Finally, the carbohydrates transports and allocations were involved in the differential mechanisms of soluble sugar accumulations in response to K_S and K_Cl in tomato. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploration of the mechanisms of cadmium (Cd) activation mediated by the rhizosphere process is important to advance our understanding of Cd accumulation in plants. In this study, two oilseed rape cultivars (L338, L351) with varied Cd accumulation traits were applied and the responses of their rhizosphere ecology to Cd stress were investigated by metabolome and microbiome. The results showed that shoot Cd accumulations in L338 accounted for 54.16% and 64.76% of those in L351 under low and high Cd contamination, respectively. Moreover, the cultivars response of rhizosphere process reflected that the lower pH and higher Cd mobility were assigned to the characters of L351, which were induced by the secretion of carboxylic acid (e.g. Acetaminophen cysteine, N-Fructosyl alliin) and the enrichment of bacterial taxa with the capacities of Cd resistant and activation (e.g. Sphingomonas , Flavobacterium , Neorhizobium , Altererythrobacter). Conclusively, the varied Cd accumulation traits of two oilseed rape cultivars were not only derived from the Cd transfer ability, it would be ascribed to Cd mobility regulated by rhizosphere processes as well. The results provide baseline data and a new perspective on the cultivar response of Cd accumulation, thus maintaining cleaner production of oilseed rape. [Display omitted] • Available Cd content in cultivar of L351 rhizosphere soil was higher than that in L338. • Oilseed rape rhizosphere recruits specific microbial taxa by root exudates under Cd pollution. • Cultivars of L338 and L351 rhizosphere exude different metabolites under Cd pollution. • Rhizosphere microecology affects Cd availability and accumulation in L338 and L351. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pot trial was conducted to clarify the interactions of molybdenum (Mo) and selenium (Se) fertilizers on uptake, harvest index and recovery of Mo and Se by pepper crop (Capsicum frutescens L.). Mo was applied at three rates (0, 0.15 and 0.3 mg kg−1) and Se at three rates (0, 0.4 and 0.8 mg kg−1) in soil. Appropriate application of Mo increased Se concentrations in pepper fruit, stem, leaf and root especially in the presence of Se fertilizer. Appropriate application of Se increased Mo concentrations in pepper fruit, stem, leaf and root particularly in the presence of Mo fertilizer. Both Mo and Se had beneficial effects on harvest index and recovery of Mo and Se. These results indicated that there is significant synergetic effect on Mo and Se absorption and translocation, and co-application of these two elements is necessary to produce Mo and Se-rich pepper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Magnesium application increases the fruit yield of navel orange by 27.87%. • Appropriate magnesium increases pulp sugar content, particularly sucrose. • Magnesium application promotes the peel coloration of navel orange. Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is a major factor limiting citrus production. Here, we performed Mg treatments (0, 100, 150, 200 and 250 g MgO plant−1) on 15-year-old navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osb.) trees to investigate the effect of Mg application on fruit yield and quality. Mg application obviously enhanced the fruit yield of navel orange, particularly at the dose of 150 g MgO plant−1, which significantly improved the fruit yield by 27.87% in 2019 and by 17.89% in 2020 compared with the control. At the fruit color turning stage, Mg application increased the sucrose content in the pulp, especially at the doses of 150 and 200 g MgO plant−1, which significantly increased the sucrose content by 20.38–29.85% and 7.01–7.36% in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Moreover, application of Mg fertilizer significantly decreased the Chl a and total Chl contents in the peel, as well as increased the peel brightness and chroma, accelerated fruit ripening. Furthermore, the pulp sucrose content was negatively correlated with Chl a and total Chl in the peel. Overall, we proposed a recommended amount of Mg fertilization (142 to 177 g MgO plant−1) for high yield and good quality of navel orange fruit. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L.) with high tolerance to cadmium (Cd) may be used in the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated fields. However, the mechanisms responsible for Cd accumulation and tolerance in oilseed rape are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the physiological and molecular processes involved in Cd tolerance of two oilseed rape cultivars with different Cd accumulation abilities. The total Cd accumulation in cultivar L351 was higher than cultivar L338, particularly with increasing concentrations of Cd exposure. L338 was a more pronounced Cd-sensitive cultivar than L351, while higher activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, APX, GR, DHAR) as well as higher contents of GSH and AsA were all observed in L351 under Cd treatments, especially at high levels. No differences were found in SOD activities between the two cultivars under the same Cd treatments, suggesting that SOD was not the key factor in relation to the differences of Cd tolerance and accumulation between them. Gene expression levels of BnFe-SOD , BnCAT , BnAPX , BcGR and BoDHAR in roots of L351 were relatively higher than that in L338 under Cd exposure as well as BnCAT and BcGR in leaves. It is concluded that antioxidant enzymes and the ascorbate–glutathione cycle play important roles in oilseed rape Cd accumulation and tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pot trial with acid yellow-brown soil was conducted to investigate the effects of molybdenum (Mo) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers on cold resistances of winter wheat. Molybdenum was applied at two rates (0 and 0.15 mg Mo kg−1soil) and P at four rates [0, 100, 200, and 300 mg phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) kg−1soil] in experiment 1. Both Mo and P fertilizers were applied at two rates (0 and 0.15 mg Mo kg−1soil; 0, 150 mg P2O5kg−1soil) in experiment 2. Seed yield, soluble sugar, water-soluble protein, ascorbic acid (AsA), malondialdehyde (MDA), and abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations were studied. The results indicated that Mo and P fertilizer increased seed yield, soluble sugar, water-soluble protein, and AsA but decreased the MDA. It implied that appropriate Mo applied with P application had beneficial effects on increasing seed yield and enhancing the cold resistance ability through changing biological substances concentration in winter wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal which harms human health through food chains. The mechanisms underlying Cd accumulation in oilseed rape are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the physiological and genetic processes involved in Cd uptake and transport of two oilseed rape cultivars ( Brassica napus ). L351 accumulates more Cd in shoots but less in roots than L338. A scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET) and uptake kinetics of Cd showed that roots were not responsible for the different Cd accumulation in shoots since L351 showed a lower Cd uptake ability. However, concentration-dependent and time-dependent dynamics of Cd transport by xylem showed L351 exhibited a superordinate capacity of Cd translocation to shoots. Additionally, the Cd concentrations of shoots and xylem sap showed a great correlation in both cultivars. Furthermore, gene expression levels related to Cd uptake by roots ( IRT1 ) and Cd transport by xylem ( HMA2 and HMA4 ) were consistent with the tendencies of Cd absorption and transport at the physiological level respectively. In other words, L351 had stronger gene expression for Cd transport but lower for Cd uptake. Overall, results revealed that the process of Cd translocation to shoots is a determinative factor for Cd accumulation in shoots, both at physiological and genetic levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pot trial was conducted to clarify the effects of molybdenum (Mo) on photosynthesis and ionic homeostasis of Chinese cabbage under salinity stress. Mo was applied at three levels (0, 0.15, 0.3 mg kg−1). Ten days after sowing, 500 ml of 0.8% of NaCl solution was added to half of the plants for each treatment every 10th day for three consecutive times. The results revealed that fresh weight was significantly increased by application of Mo under salt stress; contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotene, and total chlorophyll were all raised by application of Mo; photosynthesis rate was enhanced by nonstomatal factors by application of Mo; and the ratios of potassium/sodium ions (K+/Na+), calcium/sodium ions (Ca2+/Na+), and magnesium/sodium ions (Mg2+/Na+) were all increased by application of Mo under salt stress. The study suggests that the application of Mo enhances salinity stress tolerance in Chinese cabbage by increasing the photosynthesis rate and the ionic homeostasis adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential trace element for higher plants. Winter wheat cultivar 97003 has a higher Mo efficiency than 97014 under Mo-deficiency stress. Mo efficiency is related to Mo uptake, transfer and assimilation in plants. Several genes are involved in regulating Mo uptake, transfer and assimilation in plants. To obtain a better understanding of the aforementioned difference in Mo uptake, we have conducted a hydroponic trail to investigate the expression of genes related to Mo uptake, transfer and assimilation in the above two cultivars. The results indicate a closed relationship between Mo uptake and TaSultr5.1, TaSultr5.2 and TaCnx1 expression, according to a stepwise regression analysis of the time course of Mo uptake in the two cultivars. Meanwhile, expression of TaSultr5.2 in roots also showed a positive relationship with Mo uptake rates. 97003 had stronger Mo uptake than 97014 at low Mo-application rates (less than 1 μmol Mo L−1) due to the higher expression of TaSultr5.2, TaSultr5.1 and TaCnx1 in roots. On the contrary, Mo uptake of 97003 was weaker than 97014 at high Mo application rates (ranging from 5 to 20 μmol Mo L−1), which was related to significant down-regulation of TaSultr5.2 and TaCnx1 genes in roots of 97003 compared to 97014. Therefore, we speculated that the differential-expression intensities of TaSultr5.2, TaSultr5.1 and TaCnx1 could be the cause of the difference in Mo uptake between the two winter wheat cultivars at low and high Mo application levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A hydroponic trial was conducted to investigate genotypic differences in nitrate uptake, translocation and assimilation between low nitrate accumulator L18 and high accumulator H96 of Chinese cabbage [Brassica campestris L. ssp. Chinensis (L.)]. The results suggested that H96 could uptake more nitrate than L18 in the root but lower transport inside leaf cells and assimilation in the leaf. It was showed that root morphology parameters – length, surface area and volume of H96 were 18.0%, 31.6% and 46.5% higher than L18. Nitrate transporters NRT1.1 and NRT2.1 transcription levels were 41.6% and 269.6% higher than those of L18 respectively. NRT1.1 and NRT2.1 expression amount in leaf blade of two cultivars were opposite to in the root, L18 NRT1.1 and NRT2.1 expressions were 279.2% and 80.0% higher than H96. In addition, nitrate assimilation capacity of L18 was significantly higher than H96 in leaf. It was showed that Nitrate Reductase (NR; EC 1.7.1.1) activity and NIA expression level of L18 leaf were 234 0.4% and 105.4% higher than those of H96, Glutamine Synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2) activity, Gln1 and Gln2 expression levels in the leaf blade of L18 were 43.9%, 331.5% and 124.8% higher than those of H96 respectively. Nitrate assimilation products-Glu, total amino acid, soluble protein content in the leaf of L18 were all significantly higher than those of H96. The results above suggested that nitrate accumulation differences were due to differential capacities to uptake, mechanisms for nitrate transport in leaves and assimilate nitrate. Comparing contribution of three aspects in nitrate accumulation, translocation and assimilation were contributed more in low nitrate concentration in the leaf blade. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Aims: A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of molybdenum on antioxidative defense and osmotic-adjustment systems of Chinese cabbage under salt stress. Methods: Molybdenum fertilizer was applied at three levels (0, 0.15, 0.3 mg kg). Ten days after sowing, 500 ml 136.8 mM of NaCl solution was added to half of the plants for each treatment every 10th day for three consecutive times. Results: The results revealed that with the application of molybdenum in Chinese cabbage under salt stress the fresh weight significantly increased; activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were dramatically improved; the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH), carotenoid (CAR) and ascorbic acid (ASA) were significantly increased. There was also an significant increase in low molecular osmotic-adjustment products such as soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline. Moreover, molybdenum significantly increased potassium ion (K) content and reduced sodium ion (Na) contents, which eventually improved the K/Na ratios. Conclusions: The present study suggests that the application of molybdenum enhances the salt stress tolerance in Chinese cabbage by increasing the capacity to eliminate active oxygen and the ability of osmotic-adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land managements and agricultural practices in China changed significantly during the past 25 years. Differences in soil fertility parameters between 1981 and 2006 in Jingzhou County, China were investigated, with the changes of land management and agricultural practices. The results showed that, from 1981 to 2006, soil pH and organic matter decreased by 3.35% and 32.2%, while total nitrogen (TN), available N (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) increased by 0.4 g kg−1, 21 mg kg−1, 8 mg kg−1, and 32 mg kg−1, respectively. The above presumably resulted from more application of inorganic fertilizers (especially acid and/or physiologically-acid fertilizers), less application of organic fertilizers, little growing of green manure, and removal of crop residues and straws. Balanced application of organic and inorganic fertilizers is urgent to improve organic matter, soil pH, and soil fertility in this area [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A hydroponic trial was conducted to assess interaction of molybdenum (Mo) and phosphorus (P) on uptake and translocation of P and Mo by Brassica napus. Molybdenum was applied at four rates (0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg L-1) and P at three rates (1, 30, and 90 mg L-1) in nutrient solution. The results indicated that P increased shoot growth and 0.01 mg L-1 Mo improved the growth of shoots and roots. Molybdenum increased shoot P uptake and root P concentration and uptake when higher P was provided, and had a stimulating effect on P translocation from shoots to roots. P increased shoot Mo concentration and uptake, decreased those in roots, and enhanced Mo transport from roots to shoots. These results implied that both Mo and P had beneficial effects on Mo and P absorption and translocation and co-application of them were necessary to promote growth and utilization of Mo and P for Brassica napus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipids are the structural constituents of cell membranes and play crucial roles in plant adaptation to abiotic stresses. The aim of this study was to use glycerolipidomic and transcriptomic to analyze the changes in lipids metabolism induced by cadmium (Cd) exposure in wheat. The results indicated that Cd stress did not decrease the concentrations of monogalactosyldiacyglycerol (MGDG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and phosphatidic acid at 6 h, but decreased digalactosyldoacylglycerol (DGDG), MGDG, PC, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylserine (PS) and LPC concentrations in wheat root at 24 h. Although the concentrations of highly abundant glycerolipids PC and PE were decreased, the ratios of PC/PE increased thus contributing to wheat adaptation to Cd stress. Cd did not reduce the extent of total lipid unsaturation due to the unchanged concentrations of high abundance species of C36:4, C34:2, C34:3 and C36:6 at 6 h, indicative of their roles in resisting Cd stress. The correlation analysis revealed the glycerolipids species experiencing co-metabolism under Cd stress, which is driven by the activated expression of genes related to glycerolipid metabolism, desaturation and oxylipin synthesis. This study gives insights into the changes of glycerolipids induced by Cd and the roles in wheat adaptation to Cd stress. [Display omitted] • High abundance glycerolipids species play key roles in resisting Cd stress. • Cd stress induced the decrease in glycerolipids content. • Changes of PC/PE ratio and unsaturation index contribute to Cd adaptation in wheat. • Cd activated the expression of genes related to lipid desaturation and oxylipin pathway. • Cd stress actuated glycerolipids experiencing co-metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Huanglongbing pathogen acted collaterally with nutrients disorder of citrus plant. • Nutrients disorder pre-disposes the infection of Huanglongbing. • HLB and response to mineral nutrition are inter-related. Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most complex and destructive diseases of citrus, which has left a great negative impact on growth of world citrus industry. The characteristic symptoms of HLB include leaves with blotchy mottles and stunted growth of infected plants. These symptoms are often confused with the symptoms of nutritional deficiencies. Mineral nutrition not only plays an important role in triggering an untimely decline in citrus productivity, but also acts as a pre-disposing factor in offering plant defense against HLB. Although, nutritional management showed no determinacy and consistency in results, the application of macro-and micronutrients inducing Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) is one of the measures followed worldwide to maintain the normal production of HLB-infected orchards. Therefore, understanding the detailed process of interaction between nutrient disorders and HLB development is the key to effective nutritional management vis-à-vis prolonged orchard productivity. In this review, recent advances on pathogen-host-nutritional interaction and vector-host-nutrition interaction are discussed with updated global studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Potassium (K) fertilizer improved fruit quality in Cara Cara navel fruit. • K enhanced sugar accumulations by improving sucrose metabolism and sink strength. • K fertilizer increased citrate accumulations partially by promoting its synthesis. Sugars and organic acid are key factors for sensory properties of fruit quality. Potassium (K) is an essential macroelement and is also known as quality element. This study aims to investigate how K affects quality improvement particularly sucrose, fructose, glucose and citrate accumulations in Cara Cara navel orange. K fertilizer increased fruit sucrose, fructose, glucose and citrate concentrations and the ratios of total soluble sugars and citrate, particularly the ratios increased more in the treatment of 0.50 kg/plant K fertilizer. These results showed that suitable amount of K fertilizer could improve fruit quality of Cara Cara navel orange. Further study showed that, at early stage of fruit development, K fertilizer played more important roles in degrading sucrose due to the increased activities of sucrose-degrading enzymes including invertase and sucrose synthase-cleavage activity. Conversely, at late stage of fruit development, K fertilizer played more important roles in re-synthesizing sucrose due to the higher activities of sucrose-synthesizing enzymes including sucrose synthase-synthetic activity and sucrose phosphate synthase. The above results suggested that the upregulations of sucrose-degrading and sucrose-synthesizing enzyme activities caused by K fertilizer were conducive to improving sucrose metabolism and sink strength, and then increased the concentrations of sucrose, fructose and glucose in fruit. K fertilizer increased the activities of citrate-synthesizing enzymes including citrate synthetase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, but had no significant impacts on the activities of citrate-degrading enzyme, indicating that K fertilizer increased citrate accumulations at least partially by promoting its synthesis. This study finally suggested that K fertilizer improved the accumulations of soluble sugar and citrate in Cara Cara navel orange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]