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Stimulated by the recent experimental results on the fully-charm tetraquark states, we systematically calculate the mass spectra of the fully-charm tetraquark states in 8 [ c c ¯ ] ⊗ 8 [ c c ¯ ] color configuration via QCD sum rules. By constructing nine 8 [ c c ¯ ] ⊗ 8 [ c c ¯ ] type currents with quantum numbers J PC = 0 - + , 0 - - , 1 - + , 1 + - , 1 - - and 2 + + , we perform analytic calculation up to dimension six in the operator product expansion (OPE). We find the fully-charm tetraquark states with J PC = 1 + - , 2 + + lie around 6.48 ∼ 6.62 GeV while the fully-charm tetraquark states with J PC = 0 - + , 0 - - , 1 - - , 1 - + are about 6.85 ∼ 7.02 GeV. Notably, the mass predictions for the c c ¯ c c ¯ tetraquarks, specifically those with J PC = 2 + + , align with the broad structure identified by LHCb. Moreover, the masses of fully-charm tetraquarks with J PC = 0 - + and 1 - + are anticipated to match closely with the mass of X(6900), considering the margin of error. Such findings hint at the presence of some 8 [ c c ¯ ] ⊗ 8 [ c c ¯ ] components within the di- J / ψ structures observed by LHCb. The predictions for tetraquark states with J PC = 0 - - , 1 + - , 1 - - may be accessible in the future BelleII, Super-B, PANDA, and LHCb experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Disruption of the protective stratum corneum barrier increases the skin's vulnerability to microorganisms and facilitates conditions such as dandruff. Dandruff is a disorder of the scalp that causes increased scaling of the SC and is associated with Malassezia fungus. Consequently, many anti‐dandruff commercial products use anti‐fungal active ingredients such as piroctone olamine also known as Octopirox (OPX). OPX is an active ingredient used in a number of topical preparations for the management of dandruff. The characterization of the physicochemical properties of OPX was previously reported. The aim of the present work was to investigate a range of solvent systems for their effects on OPX interaction with human skin. Methods: The solvents used in this study were propylene glycol (PG), diethylene glycol monoethyl ether or Transcutol® (TC), PG monolaurate (PGML), isopropyl myristate (IPM), caprylic/capric triglyceride or Labrafac™ Lipophile WL 1349 (LAB), PG caprylate or Capryol® 90 (CAP), isostearyl isostearate (ISIS) and Plurol® Oleique CC 497 (PIOI). The single solvent systems evaluated were PG, TC, PGML, IPM, ISIS and CAP. For the binary solvent systems, PG and TC were examined. Ternary solvent systems consisted of: PG, TC and LAB; PG, PGML and LAB; and PG, TC and IPM. The concentration of OPX used was 1% (w/v). Heat‐separated human epidermis was used for 24 h permeation experiments performed under finite dose conditions; mass balance studies were also conducted. Results: For the six single solvents examined no permeation was evident. Skin permeation of OPX was observed for binary and ternary solvent systems. The highest permeation for all PG:TC binary solvent system ratios tested was from the PG:TC (75:25) system. For the ternary solvent systems investigated, highest cumulative permeation of OPX was observed for PG:PGML:LAB (60:30:10). Considering all systems, PG:TC (75:25) delivered the greatest amount of OPX through the skin. Although OPX is deposited in the skin following the application of neat solvents, higher skin retention values were generally observed for binary and ternary systems. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the permeation behaviour of OPX for a range of single, binary and ternary solvent systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study an initial-boundary value problem of two-dimensional nonhomogeneous asymmetric fluids with magnetic field and density-dependent viscosity μ (ρ) . Applying Desjardins' interpolation inequality and delicate energy estimates, we show the global-in-time existence of a unique strong solution when ‖ ∇ μ (ρ 0) ‖ L q is properly small. Moreover, we prove that the velocity, the micro-rotational velocity, and the magnetic field converge exponentially to zero in H 2 as time goes to infinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased use of digital technology in higher education requires university students to be digitally proficient. The main objective of this study is to examine the extent to which university students' proficiency in various digital competences could be helpful towards their learning performance. This study adopted DigComp 2.2 to design a data collection instrument for an online questionnaire survey and conducted data analysis on the valid 314 responses using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM). The findings indicate that, with the exception of safety, the digital competence areas of information and data literacy, communication and collaboration, digital content creation, and problem solving were significant to student learning performance. The findings also revealed that students' current semester had no significant moderating effect on the relationships between their proficiency in digital competence areas and learning performance, with the exception of a relationship between information and data literacy and learning performance, as well as a relationship between problem solving and learning performance, between respondents in semesters 3 and 4, and between respondents in semesters 5 and 6, respectively. The findings contribute to a better understanding of DigComp 2.2's applicability in higher education and can be used by educational institutions and educators to design learning activities and formative assessments that can help students improve their digital competence proficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mars Entry, Descent, and Landing Instrumentation 2 (MEDLI2) sensor suite on the Mars 2020 mission included two total heat flux sensors and one radiometer on the backshell to directly measure the aftbody aerothermal environments during entry into the Martian atmosphere. All three sensors successfully returned aftbody entry heating measurements. Comparisons between the total heat flux sensor measurements and predictions by NASA simulation tools (DPLR/NEQAIR) show excellent agreement and provide confidence in the models. The radiometer measured significant radiative heating, but compared to the model predictions the signal was attenuated by 48% at the end of the entry heat pulse. The loss of signal is attributed to blockage by thermal protection system (TPS) ablation product deposits on the radiometer window. Ground-based testing in the NASA Ames arcjet facilities was conducted to understand the impact of ablation product deposits on the measured radiometer signal. A discussion of the test results, how flight-like the test conditions were, and future work to further characterize the effect of TPS ablation product deposits on the radiometer performance are presented. In addition to measuring the entry heat pulse, all three sensors were sensitive enough to measure solar radiation during cruise, the radiometer measured solar flux during the entry heat pulse, and the leeside total heat flux sensor picked up the descent reaction control system firings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Metallacyclopentadienes are important metallacycles and regarded as intermediates in many reactions, therefore, new methods to achieve them are anticipated. In this study, a formal [3+2] method, through the reactions of an osmapentalyne with benzyl carbanions, was developed. The reactions underwent a nucleophilic attack of carbanions to the Os≡C bond, followed by C—H activation to form the five‐membered osmacyclopentadiene ring. Most of the reactions were carried out at room temperature, the substituents on the aromatic rings of benzyl carbanions are diverse, and the resulting products contain an Os—H bond, representing a novel type of 10C‐carbolong complexes. This work provides a new convenient route to construct metallacyclopentadienes, which is expected to further promote the development of such a type of substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the prognostic value of radiomics features based on late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images in patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA). Methods: This retrospective study included 120 CA patients undergoing CMR at three institutions. Radiomics features were extracted from global and three different segments (base, mid-ventricular, and apex) of left ventricular (LV) on short-axis LGE images. Primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. The predictive performance of the radiomics features and semi-quantitative and quantitative LGE parameters were compared by ROC. The AUC was used to observe whether Rad-score had an incremental value for clinical stage. The Kaplan–Meier curve was used to further stratify the risk of CA patients. Results: During a median follow-up of 12.9 months, 30% (40/120) patients died. There was no significant difference in the predictive performance of the radiomics model in different LV sections in the validation set (AUCs of the global, basal, middle, and apical radiomics model were 0.75, 0.77, 0.76, and 0.77, respectively; all p > 0.05). The predictive performance of the Rad-score of the base-LV was better than that of the LGE total enhancement mass (AUC:0.77 vs. 0.54, p < 0.001) and LGE extent (AUC: 0.77 vs. 0.53, p = 0.004). Rad-score combined with Mayo stage had better predictive performance than Mayo stage alone (AUC: 0.86 vs. 0.81, p = 0.03). Rad-score (≥ 0.66) contributed to the risk stratification of all-cause mortality in CA. Conclusions: Compared to quantitative LGE parameters, radiomics can better predict all-cause mortality in CA, while the combination of radiomics and Mayo stage could provide higher predictive accuracy. Clinical relevance statement: Radiomics analysis provides incremental value and improved risk stratification for all-cause mortality in patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Key Points: • Radiomics in LV-base was superior to LGE semi-quantitative and quantitative parameters for predicting all-cause mortality in CA. • Rad-score combined with Mayo stage had better predictive performance than Mayo stage alone or radiomics alone. • Rad-score ≥ 0.66 was associated with a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality in CA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are concerned with the global well-posedness of strong solutions to the Cauchy problem of nonhomogeneous Navier–Stokes equations with density-dependent viscosity and vacuum in R 3 . With the help of energy method, we prove the global existence and uniqueness of strong solutions provided that the initial mass is properly small. In particular, the initial velocity can be arbitrarily large. This improves He, Li, and Lü's work [Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 239, 1809–1835 (2021)]. Moreover, we also extend the result of Liu [Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. B 26, 1291–1303 (2021)] to the case that large oscillations of the solutions are allowed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the following Schrödinger-Poisson system { − Δ u + V (x) u + ϕ u = | u | p − 2 u + λ K (x) | u | q − 2 u i n R 3 , − Δ ϕ = u 2 i n R 3. Under the weakly coercive assumption on V and an appropriate condition on K , we investigate the cases when the nonlinearities are of concave-convex type, that is, 1 < q < 2 and 4 < p < 6 . By constructing a nonempty closed subset of the sign-changing Nehari manifold, we establish the existence of least energy sign-changing solutions provided that λ ∈ (− ∞ , λ ∗) , where λ ∗ > 0 is a constant. In this paper, we consider the following Schrödinger-Poisson system Under the weakly coercive assumption on and an appropriate condition on , we investigate the cases when the nonlinearities are of concave-convex type, that is, and . By constructing a nonempty closed subset of the sign-changing Nehari manifold, we establish the existence of least energy sign-changing solutions provided that , where is a constant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the existence and concentration of positive solutions for the following quasilinear Schrödinger equation QS - Δ u + λ V (x) u + κ 2 [ Δ (u 2) ] u = μ f (u) , x ∈ R N , u ∈ H 1 (R N) , where N ≥ 3 and κ , λ > 0 , μ ≥ 1 are parameters. f is a continuous function satisfying some local assumptions near the origin. Under some appropriate assumptions on the potential V, the existence of positive solutions is obtained for λ > 0 large enough by using a change of variables arguments and L ∞ -estimates. Besides, we also establish the asymptotic behavior of positive solutions to the problem (QS) as λ → + ∞ . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we study the mass spectrum of the low-lying triply heavy hybrid baryon, which consists of three valence heavy quarks in a color octet and one valence gluon, with spin-parity J P = (1 2) + via QCD sum rules. This is the first study on the triply heavy hybrid baryons in the framework of QCD sum rules. After performing the QCD sum rule analysis, we find that the mass of cccg hybrid baryon lies in M cccg = 5.91–6.13 GeV. As a byproduct, the mass of the triply bottom hybrid baryon state is extracted to be around M bbbg = 14.62–14.82 GeV. The contributions up to dimension eight at the leading order of α s (LO) in the operator product expansion are taken into account in the calculation. The triply charmed hybrid baryon predicted in this work can decay into one doubly charmed baryon and one charmed meson. Especially, we propose to search for cccg hybrid baryon with J P = (1 / 2) + in the P-wave decay channels Ξ cc + + D 0 , Ξ cc + D + , and Ξ ccs + D s + , which may be accessible in future BelleII, Super-B, PANDA, and LHCb experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Dandruff and its more severe related condition, seborrheic dermatitis affects a high proportion of the population at some point in their life. Piroctone olamine, also known as Octopirox® (OPX) is the monoethanolamine salt of piroctone and is an antifungal agent widely used for the management of dandruff. The aim of the present work was to characterize the physicochemical properties of piroctone olamine and to conduct pre‐formulation studies for the development of novel topical formulations of this active. Methods: An HPLC method was developed and validated for the analysis of OPX. The melting point was determined using the DSC Q2000 (TA Instruments, USA). The distribution coefficient (logD(O/PBS)) and partition coefficient (log Po/w) was determined in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) AND deionized (DI) water using the shake flask method. All experiments were performed at room temperature. The solubility was determined experimentally by adding amount of active to a solvent. The samples were kept at 32° ± 1°C for 48 h in a water bath. The stability of the compound was determined in a range of solvents by preparing solutions of 1 mg mL−1 in the relevant solvents. These solutions were kept and stirred throughout the experiment at 32 ± 1°C, and aliquots were taken at 24, 48 and 96 h. Results: The HPLC method was developed successfully; however, samples at the lower end of the calibration curve showed lower degrees of precision and accuracy. Based on experiments with DSC, the melting point was observed at an onset temperature of 132.4°C. The LogD was determined to be 1.84. The compound had the highest solubility in methanol (278.4 mg mL−1) and propylene glycol (PG), with a value of 248.8 mg mL−1. The lowest solubility for OPX was in dimethyl isosorbide (9.9 mg mL−1), Labrafac™ (3.6 mg mL−1) and isostearyl isostearate (0.5 mg mL−1). Over the 4 days, OPX showed stability in ethanol and PG, while a notable decrease in OPX was observed in PBS and DI water at 32 ± 1°C. Conclusion: The physicochemical properties of OPX were characterized to find suitable excipients able to target the epidermis for topical delivery. Building on these findings, future work will focus on the development of novel topical formulation of OPX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, many experimental and theoretical studies of protein liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) have shown its important role in the processes of physiology and pathology. However, there is a lack of definite information on the regulation mechanism of LLPS in vital activities. Recently, we found that the intrinsically disordered proteins with the insertion/deletion of a non-interacting peptide segment or upon isotope replacement could form droplets, and the LLPS states are different from the proteins without those. We believed that there is an opportunity to decipher the LLPS mechanism with the mass change perspective. To investigate the effect of molecular mass on LLPS, we developed a coarse-grained model with different bead masses, including mass 1.0, mass 1.1, mass 1.2, mass 1.3, and mass 1.5 in atomic units or with the insertion of a non-interacting peptide (10 aa) and performed molecular dynamic simulations. Consequently, we found that the mass increase promotes the LLPS stability, which is based on decreasing the z motion rate and increasing the density and the inter-chain interaction of droplets. This insight into LLPS by mass change paves the way for the regulation and relevant diseases on LLPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation of bioequivalence (BE) for topical dermatological drug products is challenging, and there has been significant interest from regulatory authorities in developing new BE methodologies in recent years. Currently, BE is demonstrated by comparative clinical endpoint studies; these are costly and time-consuming and often lack sensitivity and reproducibility. Previously, we reported excellent correlations between in vivo Confocal Raman Spectroscopy in human subjects and in vitro skin permeation testing (IVPT) with the human epidermis for skin delivery of ibuprofen and a number of excipients. The aim of the present proof-of-concept study was to evaluate CRS as a method to assess BE of topical products. Two commercially available formulations, Nurofen Max Strength 10% Gel and Ibuleve Speed Relief Max Strength 10% Gel, were selected for evaluation. Delivery of ibuprofen (IBU) to the skin was determined in vitro and in vivo by IVPT and CRS, respectively. The formulations examined were found to deliver comparable amounts of IBU across the skin over 24 h in vitro (p > 0.05). Additionally, the formulations resulted in similar skin uptake values measured with CRS in vivo, either at 1 h or 2 h after application (p > 0.05). This is the first study to report the capability of CRS for the demonstration of BE of dermal products. Future studies will focus on the standardisation of the CRS methodology for a robust and reproducible pharmacokinetic (PK)-based evaluation of topical BE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament injury in the child and adolescent patient remains a controversial topic when considering management, especially regarding surgical choices. Treatment variations are seen not just when comparing different countries but also within nations. This arises partly as contemporary treatment is mostly inferred from the adult population who physiologically and in terms of outcomes differ significantly from children. There is an increasing body of evidence for this cohort of patients who have specific challenges and difficulties when determining the optimum treatment. Methods: Within this article, we will summarize the current evidence for surgical management of anterior cruciate ligament injury for the pediatric patient. Results and Conclusions: There remain many controversies and gaps inthe treatment of Paediatric Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and this high risk cohort continues to cause difficulty in identifying the best mode of surgical management. Level of evidence: level IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this review is to examine various pathological conditions that impact the voice and how these features can be used in their diagnosis. An electronic search of PubMed and Google Scholar was performed for the articles published between January 2000 and July 2022 using the keywords found in the Medical Subject Headings database along with PubMed regarding diseases affecting voice. Our preliminary search result identified 608 articles using the keywords mentioned below. Among those, 12 articles met the inclusion criteria set for this review. Voice analysis can prove to be the missing link in the study and early detection of diseases. Using multiple voice attributes to cross-reference and diagnose conditions has excellent potential to fasten the process and significantly improve the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proteasome is a large proteolytic complex that consists of a 20S core particle (20SP) and 19S regulatory particle (19SP) in eukaryotes. The proteasome degrades most cellular proteins, thereby controlling many key processes, including gene expression and protein quality control. Proteasome dysfunction in plants leads to abnormal development and reduced adaptability to environmental stresses. Previous studies have shown that proteasome dysfunction upregulates the gene expression of proteasome subunits, which is known as the proteasome bounce-back response. However, the proteasome bounce-back response cannot explain the damaging effect of proteasome dysfunction on plant growth and stress adaptation. To address this question, we focused on downregulated genes caused by proteasome dysfunction. We first confirmed that the 20SP subunit PBE is an essential proteasome subunit in Arabidopsis and that PBE1 mutation impaired the function of the proteasome. Transcriptome analyses showed that hypoxia-responsive genes were greatly enriched in the downregulated genes in pbe1 mutants. Furthermore, we found that the pbe1 mutant is hypersensitive to waterlogging stress, a typical hypoxic condition, and hypoxia-related developments are impaired in the pbe1 mutant. Meanwhile, the 19SP subunit rpn1a mutant seedlings are also hypersensitive to waterlogging stress. In summary, our results suggested that proteasome dysfunction downregulated the hypoxia-responsive pathway and impaired plant growth and adaptability to hypoxia stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar interfacial vapor generation based on low evaporation energy requirements is an effective technology to speed up water purification under natural sunlight, offering great potential to alleviate the current global water crisis. The external electric field and hydrogel are two independent methods enabling low‐energy water evaporation. However, the complicated external equipment for generating an electric field and the restricted activation area of hydrogels significantly limit their practical application in steam generation. Thus, a piezoelectric fiber membrane is embedded into a highly hydratable light‐absorbing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel for synergistic water activation. The integrated evaporator is capable of continuously converting the wave energy reserved in the ocean into electrical energy, activating the water in the hydrogel. It is found that the activation effect leads to an improvement of over 23% compared to a non‐piezoelectric hydrogel evaporator. This work provides an evaporation prototype based on the synergistic water activation of wave‐triggered electricity and highly hydratable hydrogel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the global well-posedness of strong solutions to the three-dimensional (3D) nonhomogeneous magnetohydrodynamic equations with density-dependent viscosity and vacuum. Combined energy method with the structure of the system under consideration, we obtain global existence and uniqueness of strong solutions provided that ‖ ρ 0 ‖ L 1 + ‖ b 0 ‖ L 2 is suitably small. In particular, the initial velocity can be arbitrarily large. Moreover, we also derive exponential decay rates of the solution. As a direct application, we show global strong solutions for the 3D nonhomogeneous Navier–Stokes equations with density-dependent viscosity as long as the initial mass is properly small. This work improves Liu’s result (Z Angew Math Phys 70:Paper No. 107, 2019), where the author requires the smallness condition on ‖ ρ 0 ‖ L ∞ + ‖ b 0 ‖ L 3 . Moreover, we also extend the local strong solutions obtained by Song (Z Angew Math Phys 69:Paper No. 23, 2018) to be a global one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present paper, we study the following nonlinear Schrödinger equation with combined power nonlinearities − Δ u + V (x) u + λ u = | u | 2 ∗ − 2 u + μ | u | q − 2 u in R N , N ≥ 3 having prescribed mass ∫ R N u 2 d x = a 2 , where μ , a > 0 , q ∈ (2 , 2 ∗) , 2 ∗ = 2 N N − 2 is the critical Sobolev exponent, V is an external potential vanishing at infinity, and the parameter λ ∈ R appears as a Lagrange multiplier. Under some mild assumptions on V , combining the Pohožaev manifold, constrained minimization arguments and some analytical skills, we get the existence of normalized solutions for the problem with q ∈ (2 , 2 ∗). At the same time, the exponential decay property of the solutions is established, which is important for the instability analysis of the standing waves. Furthermore, we give a description of the ground state set and obtain the strong instability of the standing waves for q ∈ [ 2 + 4 N , 2 ∗). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of regulatory distance on corporate environmental performance using data from Chinese A-share listed companies. The results demonstrate that staying away from regulatory agencies significantly improves corporate environmental performance. The potential impact mechanism is that the increase in regulatory distance significantly suppresses rent-seeking activities. The above impacts are particularly pronounced in companies with weak CEO political and financial connections, state-owned enterprises, and firms in regions with low levels of marketization, owing to the fact that these company characteristics influence firms' ability or inclination to participate in rent-seeking. Further evidence indicates that the effect of regulatory distance on environmental performance will be significantly enhanced by strengthening media regulation and anti-corruption efforts. • Staying away from regulatory agencies significantly improves corporate environmental performance. • The above influence exhibits heterogeneity due to some factors that affect corporate rent-seeking ability. • Enhanced media regulation and strengthened anti-corruption efforts aid in improving corporate environmental performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: NK cells play a vital role in tumor immune resistance. Various factors affect NK cell activity. While NK cell dysfunction has been observed in numerous malignancies, the underlying mechanisms in gastric cancer remain unclear.Flow cytometry was used to identify the phenotypic distribution and expression of activated receptors on NK cells. ELISA was used to determine the expression of cytokines. We examined the expression of NK cell-related genes and explored their association with survival and prognosis. Additionally, we conducted PCR detection of miR-552-5p expression levels in plasma exosomes of patients and investigated its correlation with phenotypic distribution and activated receptors. We used flow cytometry and ELISA to verify the role of miR-552-5p in NK cell dysfunction. Furthermore, we investigated the potential role of PD-1/PD-L1 in regulating NK cell dysfunction in patients’ cells.We observed a significant decrease in the percentage of NKG2D and NKp30 and IFN-γ and TNF-α in patients than in healthy volunteers. Patients with low levels of CD56, CD16, NKG2D, and NKP46 exhibited poorer survival prognoses. Moreover, increased expression levels of plasma exosomal miR-552-5p in patients were negatively associated with NK cell phenotypic distribution and activated receptor expression. MiR-552-5p downregulated the secretion of perforin, granzyme, and IFN-γ as well as the expression of NKp30, NKp46, and NKG2D. Additionally, it suppressed the cytotoxicity of NK cells. The inhibitory effect of miR-552-5p, on NK cell function was reversed when anti-PD-L1 antibodies were used.Exosomal miR-552-5p targets the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, leading to impaired NK cell function.Method: NK cells play a vital role in tumor immune resistance. Various factors affect NK cell activity. While NK cell dysfunction has been observed in numerous malignancies, the underlying mechanisms in gastric cancer remain unclear.Flow cytometry was used to identify the phenotypic distribution and expression of activated receptors on NK cells. ELISA was used to determine the expression of cytokines. We examined the expression of NK cell-related genes and explored their association with survival and prognosis. Additionally, we conducted PCR detection of miR-552-5p expression levels in plasma exosomes of patients and investigated its correlation with phenotypic distribution and activated receptors. We used flow cytometry and ELISA to verify the role of miR-552-5p in NK cell dysfunction. Furthermore, we investigated the potential role of PD-1/PD-L1 in regulating NK cell dysfunction in patients’ cells.We observed a significant decrease in the percentage of NKG2D and NKp30 and IFN-γ and TNF-α in patients than in healthy volunteers. Patients with low levels of CD56, CD16, NKG2D, and NKP46 exhibited poorer survival prognoses. Moreover, increased expression levels of plasma exosomal miR-552-5p in patients were negatively associated with NK cell phenotypic distribution and activated receptor expression. MiR-552-5p downregulated the secretion of perforin, granzyme, and IFN-γ as well as the expression of NKp30, NKp46, and NKG2D. Additionally, it suppressed the cytotoxicity of NK cells. The inhibitory effect of miR-552-5p, on NK cell function was reversed when anti-PD-L1 antibodies were used.Exosomal miR-552-5p targets the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, leading to impaired NK cell function.Results: NK cells play a vital role in tumor immune resistance. Various factors affect NK cell activity. While NK cell dysfunction has been observed in numerous malignancies, the underlying mechanisms in gastric cancer remain unclear.Flow cytometry was used to identify the phenotypic distribution and expression of activated receptors on NK cells. ELISA was used to determine the expression of cytokines. We examined the expression of NK cell-related genes and explored their association with survival and prognosis. Additionally, we conducted PCR detection of miR-552-5p expression levels in plasma exosomes of patients and investigated its correlation with phenotypic distribution and activated receptors. We used flow cytometry and ELISA to verify the role of miR-552-5p in NK cell dysfunction. Furthermore, we investigated the potential role of PD-1/PD-L1 in regulating NK cell dysfunction in patients’ cells.We observed a significant decrease in the percentage of NKG2D and NKp30 and IFN-γ and TNF-α in patients than in healthy volunteers. Patients with low levels of CD56, CD16, NKG2D, and NKP46 exhibited poorer survival prognoses. Moreover, increased expression levels of plasma exosomal miR-552-5p in patients were negatively associated with NK cell phenotypic distribution and activated receptor expression. MiR-552-5p downregulated the secretion of perforin, granzyme, and IFN-γ as well as the expression of NKp30, NKp46, and NKG2D. Additionally, it suppressed the cytotoxicity of NK cells. The inhibitory effect of miR-552-5p, on NK cell function was reversed when anti-PD-L1 antibodies were used.Exosomal miR-552-5p targets the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, leading to impaired NK cell function.Conclusion: NK cells play a vital role in tumor immune resistance. Various factors affect NK cell activity. While NK cell dysfunction has been observed in numerous malignancies, the underlying mechanisms in gastric cancer remain unclear.Flow cytometry was used to identify the phenotypic distribution and expression of activated receptors on NK cells. ELISA was used to determine the expression of cytokines. We examined the expression of NK cell-related genes and explored their association with survival and prognosis. Additionally, we conducted PCR detection of miR-552-5p expression levels in plasma exosomes of patients and investigated its correlation with phenotypic distribution and activated receptors. We used flow cytometry and ELISA to verify the role of miR-552-5p in NK cell dysfunction. Furthermore, we investigated the potential role of PD-1/PD-L1 in regulating NK cell dysfunction in patients’ cells.We observed a significant decrease in the percentage of NKG2D and NKp30 and IFN-γ and TNF-α in patients than in healthy volunteers. Patients with low levels of CD56, CD16, NKG2D, and NKP46 exhibited poorer survival prognoses. Moreover, increased expression levels of plasma exosomal miR-552-5p in patients were negatively associated with NK cell phenotypic distribution and activated receptor expression. MiR-552-5p downregulated the secretion of perforin, granzyme, and IFN-γ as well as the expression of NKp30, NKp46, and NKG2D. Additionally, it suppressed the cytotoxicity of NK cells. The inhibitory effect of miR-552-5p, on NK cell function was reversed when anti-PD-L1 antibodies were used.Exosomal miR-552-5p targets the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, leading to impaired NK cell function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To propose a novel functional Coronary Artery Disease–Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) category system integrated with coronary CT angiography (CCTA)–derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) and to validate its effect on therapeutic decision and prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Firstly, we proposed a novel functional CAD-RADS and evaluated the performance of functional CAD-RADS for guiding treatment strategies with actual clinical treatment as a reference standard in a retrospective multicenter cohort with CCTA and invasive FFR performed in all patients (n = 466). Net reclassification improvement (NRI) of functional CAD-RADS over anatomical CAD-RADS was calculated. Secondly, the prognostic value of functional CAD-RADS in a prospective two-arm cohort (566 [FFRCT arm] vs. 567 [CCTA arm]) was calculated, after a 1-year follow-up, functional CAD-RADS in FFRCT arm (n = 513) and anatomical CAD-RADS in CCTA arm (n = 511) to determine patients at risk of adverse outcomes were compared with a Cox hazard proportional model. Results: Functional CAD-RADS demonstrated superior value over anatomical CAD-RADS (AUC: 0.828 vs. 0.681, p < 0.001) and comparable performance to FFR (AUC: 0.828 vs. 0.848, p = 0.253) in guiding therapeutic decisions. Functional CAD-RADS resulted in the revision of management plan as determined by anatomical CAD-RADS in 30.0% of patients (n = 140) (NRI = 0.369, p < 0.001). Functional CAD-RADS was an independent predictor for 1-year outcomes with indexes of concordance of 0.795 and the corresponding value was 0.751 in anatomical CAD-RADS. Conclusion: The novel functional CAD-RADS gained incremental value in guiding therapeutic decision-making compared with anatomical CAD-RADS and comparable power in 1-year prognosis with anatomical CAD-RADS in a real-world scenario. Key Points: • The novel functional CAD-RADS category system with FFRCTintegrated into the anatomical CAD-RADS categories was originally proposed. • The novel functional CAD-RADS category system was validated superior value over anatomical CAD-RADS (AUC: 0.828 vs. 0.681, p < 0.001) in guiding therapeutic decisions and revised management plan in 30.0% of patients as determined by anatomical CAD-RADS (net reclassification improvement index = 0.369, p < 0.001). • Functional CAD-RADS was an independent predictor with an index of concordance of 0.795 and 0.751 in anatomical CAD-RADS for 1-year prognosis of adverse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore downstream management and outcomes of machine learning (ML)–based CT derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) strategy compared with an anatomical coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) alone assessment in participants with intermediate coronary artery stenosis. Methods: In this prospective study conducted from April 2018 to March 2019, participants were assigned to either the CCTA or FFRCT group. The primary endpoint was the rate of invasive coronary angiography (ICA) that demonstrated non-obstructive disease at 90 days. Secondary endpoints included coronary revascularization and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 1-year follow-up. Results: In total, 567 participants were allocated to the CCTA group and 566 to the FFRCT group. At 90 days, the rate of ICA without obstructive disease was higher in the CCTA group (33.3%, 39/117) than that (19.8%, 19/96) in the FFRCT group (risk difference [RD] = 13.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.4%, 18.6%; p = 0.03). The ICA referral rate was higher in the CCTA group (27.5%, 156/567) than in the FFRCT group (20.3%, 115/566) (RD = 7.2%, 95% CI: 2.3%, 12.1%; p = 0.003). The revascularization-to-ICA ratio was lower in the CCTA group than that in the FFRCT group (RD = 19.8%, 95% CI: 14.1%, 25.5%, p = 0.002). MACE was more common in the CCTA group than that in the FFRCT group at 1 year (HR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.95; p = 0.04). Conclusion: In patients with intermediate stenosis, the FFRCT strategy appears to be associated with a lower rate of referral for ICA, ICA without obstructive disease, and 1-year MACE when compared to the anatomical CCTA alone strategy. Key Points: • In stable patients with intermediate stenosis, ML-based FFRCT strategy was associated with a lower referral ICA rate, a lower normalcy rate of ICA, and higher revascularization-to-ICA ratio than the CCTA strategy. • Compared with the CCTA strategy, ML-based FFRCTshows superior outcome prediction value which appears to be associated with a lower rate of 1-year MACE. • ML-based FFRCT strategy as a non-invasive "one-stop-shop" modality may be the potential to change diagnostic workflows in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the nonlinear Kirchhoff type equation { − (a + b ∫ R 3 | ∇ u | 2 d x) △ u + λ V (x) u = | u | 4 u + f (u) , x ∈ R 3 , u ∈ H 1 (R 3) , where a, b are positive constants and λ > 0. Suppose that the nonnegative continuous potential V represents a potential well with the bottom V − 1 (0) and f ∈ C (R , R) satisfies certain assumptions. We obtain the existence of ground state solutions by using the variational methods. Moreover, the concentration behavior of the ground state solutions as λ → ∞ is also worth considering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interfacial solar vapor generation is an emerging technology that has the potential to alleviate the current global water crisis. However, water evaporation is an energy‐intensive phase‐change process and thus suffers from an inherently low evaporation yield. New stable and environmentally tolerant materials that can reduce energy requirements and accelerate water evaporation stand out from various studies. In this contribution, a piezoelectric ultrathin nanofilm is integrated into a solar evaporation membrane for simultaneous power generation and water activation. The resulting evaporator is used to continuously convert the wave energy in the ocean into electrical energy. It is found that the electrical energy generated by the evaporator can activate water in adjacent regions, facilitating water evaporation with an additional improvement of over 20% compared to an equivalent non‐piezoelectric evaporator. This paper presents the innovation of a promising membrane evaporation prototype based on the integration of wave‐triggered electricity and water activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the existence of least energy sign-changing solutions for the Kirchhoff-type problem − a + b ∫ R 3 | ∇ u | 2 d x Δ u + V (x) u = f (u) , x ∈ R 3 , where a, b > 0 are parameters, V ∈ C ( R 3 , R) , and f ∈ C (R , R). Under weaker assumptions on V and f, by using variational methods with the aid of a new version of global compactness lemma, we prove that this problem has a least energy sign-changing solution with exactly two nodal domains, and its energy is strictly larger than twice that of least energy solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Apurinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) has been suggested as an oncogene of lung tumours and our bioinformatics analysis identified the association between Erlotinib resistance and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). Thus, we performed this work to delineate the mechanistic actions of APE1/IL‐6 signalling in Erlotinib resistance of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We selected human NSCLC cell lines HCC827 and PC9 to establish Erlotinib‐resistant HCC827R and PC9R cells. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) were isolated from Erlotinib‐sensitive HCC827P and PC9P cells (PCSCs) and from HCC827R and PC9R cells (RCSCs). Further, extracellular vesicles (EVs) were separated from PCSCs (PCSC‐EVs) and RCSCs (RCSC‐EVs) and co‐cultured with RCSCs with or without short hairpin RNA (shRNA)‐targeting APE1 (APE1 shRNA) transduction. In addition, functional assays were conducted to determine the effect of APE1 shRNA on malignant phenotypes of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and the activation of IL‐6/STAT3 signalling. Results: It was found that NSCLC cells could internalize both RCSC‐EVs and PCSC‐EVs. RCSC‐EVs augmented the resistance of NSCLC cells to Erlotinib. The overexpression of APE1 occurred in NSCLC tissues, and IL‐6 was enriched in serum samples of patients with NSCLC. APE1 shRNA was demonstrated to restrict the Erlotinib resistance of NSCLC cells by inactivating the IL‐6/STAT3 signalling. Additionally, shAPE1‐loaded RCSC‐EVs suppressed the Erlotinib resistance of NSCLC via the IL‐6/STAT3 axis both in vitro and in vivo, as reflected by impeded malignant phenotypes and xenograft tumour formation. Conclusions: Collectively, these data indicate that APE1 confers Erlotinib resistance by activating the IL‐6/STAT3 signalling, suggesting targeting APE1 as a possible therapeutic target in Erlotinib‐resistant NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar-driven electrochemical dissociation of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) to hydrogen and sulfur products in photovoltaic-electrochemical (PV-EC) devices becomes an effective strategy for acid gas purification and energy-saving hydrogen production. However, available H 2 S splitting electrochemical devices suffer from inferior energy conversion efficiency and fussy multi-step sulfur recovery problems. Herein, we propose an integrated solar-driven PV-EC system with diaphragm electrolytic reactor to solve these challenges. The optimized system integrated commercial silicon solar delivers a high solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency of up to 12 %, with approximately 99 % H 2 faradaic efficiency and demonstrates at least 50 hours of stability. More importantly, the S2-/HS- can be transformed into add-valued Na 2 S 2 O 3 by one-step method in Na 2 SO 3 media, which avoids complex sulfur recovery. This work presents an alternative method of low-energy consumption for producing H 2 and high-value sulfur-related chemicals by H 2 S splitting through a PV-EC system. [Display omitted] • A solar-driven PV-EC system diaphragm electrolytic cell is proposed. • The S2-/HS- can be transformed into add-valued Na 2 S 2 O 3 by one-step. • The PV-EC system exhibits 12 % STH efficiency and 99 % H 2 faradaic efficiency. • The S2-/HS- to S 2 O 3 2- mechanism was detected by in-situ Raman and ATR-FTIR spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of the first electron transfer is involved in the rate-determining step (RDS) for NO 3 RR. Operando EIS and in situ Raman spectroscopic characterizations demonstrate that the electron gain and lose process of Fe promotes the transfer of the first electron to NO 3 -, thus substantially accelerating the kinetic process of the RDS. Fe (Ⅱ) is oxidized to Fe (Ⅲ) under electrochemical action which promotes the formation of the intermediate nitrite firstly. Then NO 2 - is deeply reduced to ammonia by the electrocatalyst, and the oxidized Fe(Ⅲ) is subsequently reduced to Fe(Ⅱ), thus achieving the stability of the valence state of Fe. [Display omitted] • The first electron transfer process is involved in the rate-determining step. • The electron gain/loss process of Fe can promote the transfer of first electron. • Rapid first electron transfer can expedite the formation of intermediate of NO 2 –. • 450℃ Fe 2 O 3 /CC has a faster kinetics with a higher ammonia yield. Electroreduction reaction of nitrate (NO 3 RR) to ammonia (NH 3) using reproducible energy is an effective alternative strategy to energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process and potentially energy storage. However, the reaction needs coupling of multiple electrons and protons, considering it a grand challenge to NH 3 yield and selectivity affected by slow electron transfer kinetic processes. Herein, we investigate the electrode kinetics process by Tafel plots on Fe 2 O 3 nanorods array electrocatalysts, confirming that the process of the first electron transfer is involved in the rate-determining step (RDS) for NO 3 RR. The reaction rate constant (k) of the first electron transfer (NO 3 – + e-→*NO 3) indicates that Fe 2 O 3 electrocatalyst treated at 450 ℃ has a faster electron transfer kinetic and thus exhibits a higher NH 3 yield. Furthermore, operando EIS and in situ Raman spectroscopic characterizations demonstrate that electron gaining and losing process of Fe promotes the transfer of the first electron to NO 3 –, thus substantially accelerating the kinetic process of the RDS. These results provide key insight into the metal oxide-based electrocatalysts kinetic processes on the performance of NO 3 RR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the L 2 -norm prescribed ground states of the Kirchhoff equations involving mass critical exponent with a Lagrange multiplier μ ∈ R , 0.1 - a + b ∫ R N | ∇ u | 2 d x Δ u + V (x) u = μ u + u 8 N + 1 in R N , ∫ R N | u | 2 d x = c 2 , c > 0 , where a ≥ 0 , b > 0 , N = 1 , 2 , 3 , and the function V (x) ∈ L loc ∞ (R N) is a trapping potential satisfying min x ∈ R N V (x) = 0 , V (x) → + ∞ as | x | → + ∞ . It has been shown by researchers that there exists a couple of ground state solution (u a , μ a) to (0.1) if c = c ∗ : = ( b ‖ Q ‖ 2 8 / N 2) N 8 - 2 N for small a > 0 , where Q > 0 is the unique radially symmetric positive solution of equation 2 Δ Q + N - 4 N Q + Q 8 N + 1 = 0 in R N . We devote to the refined limiting profiles of u a as a → 0 by using energy estimates and blow-up analysis. In order to get the concentration behavior of u a , we first study the existence and non-existence of solutions to a degenerate Kirchhoff equation i.e. the case a = 0 in (0.1). At last, we investigate the local uniqueness of ground states u a included by concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism underlying the role of the Schistosoma japonicum antigen of fatty acid-binding protein (SjFABP) on the growth of the schistosomula. SjFABP levels were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of samples of mice infected with S. japonicum; SjFABP was expressed and its levels gradually increased during all stages of S. japonicum schistosomula, including on 3, 10, 14, and 21 days of the growth process. Immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that SjFABP was distributed in the parenchyma, especially in the digestive tract of the S. japonicum schistosomula. RNA interference resulted in more than 60% knockdown of SjFABP leading to a reduction in length, volume, width, and area of the schistosomula as compared to control samples, as determined by light microscopy. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling detection further suggested that SjFABP knockdown resulted in increased apoptosis of schistosomes. Taken together, these results suggest that SjFABP may be related to the growth and survival of S. japonicum schistosomula, thereby representing a potential target for the treatment of schistosomiasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Olefin polymerization is one of the most important chemical reactions in industry. This work presents a strategy that emphasizes the synergistic meta/para-steric hindrance of N-aryl groups and electronic effects in newly synthesized neutral salicylaldiminato nickel catalysts. These nickel(II) catalysts exhibit exceptional thermostability, ranging from 30 °C to 130 °C, demonstrating enhanced catalytic activities and broadly regulated polyethylene molecular weights (3–341 kg·mol−1) and controlled polymer branch density (2–102 brs/1000C). The preferred catalyst Ni3 with concerted steric and electronic effects enables the production of solid-state semi-crystalline polyethylene materials at temperatures below 90 °C. Notably, Ni3 exhibits an impressive tolerance of 110 °C and can withstand even the challenging polymerization temperature of 130 °C, leading to the production of polyethylene wax and oil. Also, functionalized polyethylene is produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mounting body of evidences suggests that patients with chronic heart failure (HF) frequently experience cognitive impairments, but the neuroanatomical mechanism underlying these impairments remains elusive. In this retrospective study, 49 chronic HF patients and 49 healthy controls (HCs) underwent brain structural MRI scans and cognitive assessments. Cortical morphology index (cortical thickness, complexity, sulcal depth and gyrification) were evaluated. Correlations between cortical morphology and cognitive scores and clinical variables were explored. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors for predicting 3‐year major adverse cardiovascular events. Compared with HCs, patients with chronic HF exhibited decreased cognitive scores (p <.001) and decreased cortical thickness, sulcal depth and gyrification in brain regions involved cognition, sensorimotor, autonomic nervous system (family‐wise error correction, all p values <.05). Notably, HF duration and New York Heart Association (NYHA) demonstrated negative correlations with abnormal cortex morphology, particularly HF duration and thickness in left precentral gyrus (r = −.387, p =.006). Cortical morphology characteristics exhibited positive associations with global cognition, particularly cortical thickness in left pars opercularis (r =.476, p <.001). NYHA class is an independent risk factor for adverse outcome (p =.001). The observed correlation between abnormal cortical morphology and global cognition suggested that cortical morphology may serve as a promising imaging biomarker and provide insights into neuroanatomical underpinnings of cognitive impairment in patients with chronic HF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical thrombectomy has emerged as a promising treatment for acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion. However, cases involving cancerous emboli retrieved during endovascular embolectomy are rare. We present a case of a 65-year-old man with a history of heavily treated rectal cancer, who developed a middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction due to metastatic adenocarcinoma. The patient presented with sudden onset right-side weakness, right facial palsy, global aphasia, and left gaze deviation, with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 16. Following intravenous thrombolysis, endovascular thrombectomy was performed, achieving nearly complete recanalization. Pathological examination of the retrieved thrombus revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma of rectal origin. The patient's neurological deficits gradually improved, and he was successfully discharged to undergo further palliative therapy. This case underscores the importance of considering mechanical thrombectomy for patients with advanced solid organ malignancy presenting with acute ischemic stroke, even when the etiology could be a tumor embolus. Our findings highlight the potential for mechanical thrombectomy to restore neurological function in such cases, allowing patients to proceed to the next level of care with a reasonably good post-stroke quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the feasibility and prognostic implications of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) in patients who have undergone stents implantation. Methods: Firstly, the feasibility of FFRCT in stented vessels was validated. The diagnostic performance of FFRCT in identifying hemodynamically in-stent restenosis (ISR) in 33 patients with invasive FFR ≤ 0.88 as reference standard, intra-group correlation coefficient (ICC) between FFRCT and FFR was calculated. Secondly, prognostic value was assessed with 115 patients with serial CCTA scans after PCI. Stent characteristics (location, diameter, length, etc.), CCTA measurements (minimum lumen diameter [MLD], minimum lumen area [MLA], ISR), and FFRCT measurements (FFRCT, ΔFFRCT, ΔFFRCT/stent length) both at baseline and follow-up were recorded. Longitudinal analysis included changes of MLD, MLA, ISR, and FFRCT. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Results: Per-patient accuracy of FFRCT was 0.85 in identifying hemodynamically ISR. FFRCT had a good correlation with FFR (ICC = 0.84). 15.7% (18/115) developed MACE during 25 months since follow-up CCTA. Lasso regression identified age and follow-up ΔFFRCT/length as candidate variables. In the Cox proportional hazards model, age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.102 [95% CI, 1.032–1.177]; p = 0.004) and follow-up ΔFFRCT/length (HR, 1.014 [95% CI, 1.006–1.023]; p = 0.001) were independently associated with MACE (c-index = 0.856). Time-dependent ROC analysis showed AUC was 0.787 (95% CI, 0.594–0.980) at 25 months to predict adverse outcome. After bootstrap validation with 1000 resamplings, the bias-corrected c-index was 0.846. Conclusions: Noninvasive ML-based FFRCT is feasible in patients following stents implantation and shows prognostic value in predicting adverse events after stents implantation in low-moderate risk patients. Key Points: • Machine-learning-based FFRCTis feasible to evaluate the functional significance of in-stent restenosis in patients with stent implantation. • Follow-up △FFRCTalong with the stent length might have prognostic implication in patients with stent implantation and low-to-moderate risk after 2 years follow-up. The prognostic role of FFRCTin patients with moderate-to-high or high risk needs to be further studied. • FFRCTmight refine the clinical pathway of patients with stent implantation to invasive catheterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface heating measurements in shock tunnels operating at high enthalpy have previously showed anomalously high heating, the mechanisms for which have been the subject of much speculation. However, recent tests in JAXA’s High Enthalpy Shock Tunnel (HIEST) have presented compelling evidence that the heating anomaly is due to radiation from the shock layer, produced by impurities within the shock. The present paper describes test series performed in HIEST with a flat-faced cylinder model and an Apollo capsule model at angle of attack. The flat-faced cylinder is instrumented with three types of thermocouple heat flux gauges to separate contributions from radiative and convective heating. Most of the augmentation is shown to be due to radiation in this configuration. The Apollo capsule model is instrumented with a trip element and thermocouple gauges to study transition at high enthalpy, but transition data are obscured by the presence of radiation. Both test articles are embedded with fiber optics to measure the magnitude and characteristics of the radiative heating. Analyses of the radiation spectra, estimates of radiative heating corrections and comparison to computational fluid dynamic simulation of the shock tunnel are presented. The data show the radiative correction to be meaningful at high pressure or high enthalpy conditions; however, additional discrepancies remain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Dandruff, or pityriasis capitis simplex , is a common scalp condition associated with excessive flaking and scaling of the epidermal tissue. Other features include irregular corneocyte turnover, irritation, itching and an impaired skin barrier function. Previously we reported the characterization of climbazole (CBZ), an antifungal agent used in the management of dandruff. Skin permeation of CBZ from neat solvents was also investigated. In the present work we evaluated CBZ permeation in human skin in vitro from more complex formulations that better represent products used by consumers. The various systems studied were composed of propylene glycol (PG), Transcutol®P (TC), octyl salicylate (OSal) and isopropyl alcohol (IPA). As well as measurement of skin uptake and penetration of CBZ, where possible, the skin retention and permeation of the various solvents was also determined. All vehicles promoted skin permeation of CBZ but no significant differences in amount permeated were evident between the binary vehicles (PG:TC, TC:OSal) and the ternary vehicle studied (PG:IPA:OSal). The binary vehicles generally promoted more skin uptake of CBZ compared with the neat solvents (PG, TC, OSal) studied previously. Permeation and skin extraction of CBZ from the PG:TC vehicles increased with increasing PG content; a similar trend was evident for the PG:IPA:OSal systems. New methods were developed and validated for measurement of PG, TC and OSal. Analysis of the individual solvents indicated that PG permeation was also independent of the amounts of other solvents in the binary or ternary systems. Consistent with previous findings higher proportions of TC permeated compared with PG for the PG:TC binary systems; TC also permeated the skin more rapidly than PG from these vehicles. For OSal, skin extraction was generally higher for TC:OSal compared with the PG:IPA:OSal vehicle. However, increasing the content of OSal did not appear to influence CBZ skin uptake nor permeation. Interestingly, the effects of the various PG:TC vehicles on CBZ skin delivery contrast with results we previous reported for the same systems for a different active. This confirms that with reference to skin permeation, formulation effects and/or skin penetration enhancement should be expected to vary and may not be predicted for specific vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of immune regulation mechanisms induced by parasites may help develop new treatment methods for inflammatory diseases including type 1 diabetes, which is related to type 1 immune responses. The negative correlation between schistosomiasis infection and type 1 diabetes has been confirmed, and the mechanism of Schistosoma- mediated prevention of type 1 diabetes may be related to the adaptive and innate immune systems. Schistosoma -related molecules affect immune cell composition and macrophage polarization and stimulate an increase in natural killer T cells. Furthermore, Schistosoma -related molecules can regulate the adaptive immune responses related to the prevention of type 1 diabetes and change the Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg axis. Our previous review showed the role of regulatory T cells in the protective of type 1 diabetes mediated by Schistosoma. Here, we aim to review the other mechanisms of schistosomiasis infection and Schistosoma -related products in regulating the immune response associated with the treatment of type 1 diabetes. • Schistosoma may help prevent type 1 diabetes through immune system interactions. • Schistosoma products may treat type 1 diabetes by balancing immune cells. • S. mansoni eggs suppress autoimmune diabetes by shifting the immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In-plane anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) materials have gained considerable interest in the field of research, due to having the potential of being used in different device applications. Recently, among these 2D materials, group 10 transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) pentagonal Palladium diselenide (PdSe2) is utilized in various sections of researches like nanoelectronics, thermoelectric, spintronics, optoelectronics, and ultrafast photonics, owing to its high air stability and broad absorption spectrum properties. In this paper, it is demonstrated that by utilizing this novel 2D layered PdSe2 material as a saturable absorber (SA) in an EDF laser system, it is possible to obtain switchable laser pulse generation modes. At first, the Q-switching operation mode is attained at a threshold pump power of 56.8 mW at 1564 nm, where the modulation range of pulse duration and repetition rate is 18.5 μs–2.0 μs and 16.4 kHz–57.0 kHz, respectively. Afterward, the laser pulse generation mode is switched to the mode-locked state at a pump power of 63.1 mW (threshold value) by changing the polarization condition inside the laser cavity, and this phenomenon persists until the maximum pump power of 230.4 mW. For this mode-locking operation, the achieved pulse duration is 766 fs, corresponding to the central wavelength and 3 dB bandwidth of 1566 nm and 4.16 nm, respectively. Finally, it is illustrated that PdSe2 exhibits a modulation depth of 7.01%, which substantiates the high nonlinearity of the material. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time of switchable modes for laser pulse generation are achieved by using this PdSe2 SA. Therefore, this work will encourage the research community to carry out further studies with this PdSe2 material in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The radial conjugated π‐system of cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) makes them intriguing fluorophores and unique supramolecular hosts. However, the bright photoluminescence (PL) of CPPs was limited to the blue light and the supramolecular assembly behavior of large CPPs was rarely investigated. Here we present the synthesis of tetra‐benzothiadiazole‐based [12]cycloparaphenylene (TB[12]CPP), which exhibits a lime to orange PL with an excellent quantum yield up to 82 % in solution. The PL quantum yield of TB[12]CPP can be further improved to 98 % in polymer matrix. Benefiting from its enlarged size, TB[12]CPP can accommodate a fullerene derivative or concave–convex complexes of fullerene and buckybowl through the combined π–π and C−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions. The latter demonstrates the first case of a ternary supramolecule of CPPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The radial conjugated π‐system of cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) makes them intriguing fluorophores and unique supramolecular hosts. However, the bright photoluminescence (PL) of CPPs was limited to the blue light and the supramolecular assembly behavior of large CPPs was rarely investigated. Here we present the synthesis of tetra‐benzothiadiazole‐based [12]cycloparaphenylene (TB[12]CPP), which exhibits a lime to orange PL with an excellent quantum yield up to 82 % in solution. The PL quantum yield of TB[12]CPP can be further improved to 98 % in polymer matrix. Benefiting from its enlarged size, TB[12]CPP can accommodate a fullerene derivative or concave–convex complexes of fullerene and buckybowl through the combined π–π and C−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions. The latter demonstrates the first case of a ternary supramolecule of CPPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study investigated the impact of machine learning (ML)–based fractional flow reserve derived from computed tomography (FFRCT) compared to invasive coronary angiography (ICA) for therapeutic decision-making and patient outcome in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: One thousand one hundred twenty-one consecutive patients with stable chest pain who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) followed ICA within 90 days between January 2007 and December 2016 were included in this retrospective study. Medical records were reviewed for the endpoint of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). FFRCT values were calculated using an artificial intelligence (AI) ML platform. Disagreements between hemodynamic significant stenosis via FFRCT and severe stenosis on qualitative CCTA and ICA were also evaluated. Results: After FFRCT results were revealed, a change in the proposed treatment regimen chosen based on ICA results was seen in 167 patients (14.9%). Over a median follow-up time of 26 months (4–48 months), FFRCT ≤ 0.80 was associated with MACE (HR, 6.84 (95% CI, 3.57 to 13.11); p < 0.001), with superior prognostic value compared to severe stenosis on ICA (HR, 1.84 (95% CI, 1.24 to 2.73), p = 0.002) and CCTA (HR, 1.47 (95% CI, 1.01 to 2.14, p = 0.045). Reserving ICA and revascularization for vessels with positive FFRCT could have reduced the rate of ICA by 54.5% and lead to 4.4% fewer percutaneous interventions. Conclusions: This study indicated ML-based FFRCT had superior prognostic value when compared to severe anatomic stenosis on CCTA and adding FFRCT may direct therapeutic decision-making with the potential to improve efficiency of ICA. Key Points: • ML-based FFRCTshows superior outcome prediction value when compared to severe anatomic stenosis on CCTA. • FFRCTnoninvasively informs therapeutic decision-making with potential to change diagnostic workflows and enhance efficiencies in patients with suspected CAD. • Reserving ICA and revascularization for vessels with positive FFRCTmay reduce the normalcy rate of ICA and improve its efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is a serious health problem to be solved. With the development of biomaterials, enhanced diagnostic and controllable therapeutic strategies for cancer have emerged, revealing encouraging results with a promising future. Due to its outstanding tissue penetration and controllability, along with a series of bioeffects on tissues, ultrasound (US), as a common medical technology, has been regarded as an effective tool against cancer, and its use has promoted the exploration of US‐sensitive biomaterials. In this review, the bioeffects of US are first introduced and then the main US‐sensitive biomaterials (containing cavitation nuclei, sonosensitizers, and US‐responsive macromolecular systems) used to treat cancer, followed by a summary of several applications based on US‐sensitive biomaterials, from diagnosis to therapy. Finally, the emerging challenges in this field that need to be overcome are highlighted. This review reports the progress of US‐sensitive biomaterials, providing new possibilities in cancer theranostics and thus benefiting patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The moiré superlattice structure has become a subject of intense interest due to its unique and intriguing properties. Key to the success of its applications is the precise manipulation of morphologies that determines the ultimate functionalities. To achieve such a goal is, however, very challenging. In this work, we present an approach for tuning moiré superlattices of suspended van der Waals structures through out-of-plane deformation. By studying the influence of out-of-plane deformation on interlayer sliding and atomic reconstruction in bilayer van der Waals structures, it is observed that interlayer sliding can overcome van der Waals potential barriers, resulting in stacking mode variations. Detailed analysis show that contraction and rotation of moiré patterns are induced, and leads to changes in the wavelength of the moiré superlattice. The approach outlined here offers opportunities for controlling and manipulating moiré superlattices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the following nonlinear Choquard equation with prescribed L 2 -norm constraint - Δ u = λ u + (| x | - 1 ∗ | u | 2) u in Ω , u = 0 on ∂ Ω , ∫ Ω | u | 2 d x = a 2 , where a > 0 , λ ∈ R appears as an unknown Lagrange multiplier and Ω ⊂ R 3 is an exterior domain with smooth boundary ∂ Ω ≠ ∅ such that R 3 \ Ω is bounded. By using the splitting lemma for the unconstrained problem in exterior domains, we prove the compactness of Palais–Smale sequences corresponding to the above problem at higher energy levels. Then combining the barycentric function and Brouwer degree theory, we establish the existence of positive normalized bound states for any a > 0 provided that R 3 \ Ω is contained in a small ball and explain that the restriction on domain Ω can be equivalently transferred to a. In addition, under the radial setting of domain Ω , we use genus theory to obtain the existence and multiplicity of radial normalized solutions for any a > 0 . Finally, we point out that the main results can be extended to a general mass subcritical Choquard equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work carried out liquid–solid two-phase jet experiments and simulations to study the erosion behavior of 304 stainless steel at 30° impingement. The single-phase impinging jet was simulated using dense grid by one-way coupling of solid phase due to its dilute distribution. The simulation results agreed well with experiments. It was found that after impinging particle attrition occurred and particles became round with decreasing length-ratio and particle breakage occurred along the "long" direction. Both experiment and simulations found that the erosion generated on the sample could be divided into three regions that were nominated as stagnant region, cutting transition region and wall jet region. Most particle–wall impacts were found to occur in the cutting transition region and the wall jet region. In the cutting transition region, holes and lip-shaped hogbacks were generated in the same direction as the flow imping. In the wall jet region, furrows and grooves were generated. The averaged grooves depth tended to become constant with the progress of impinging and reach the steady state of erosion in the end. In addition, it was found that impinging effect increased erosion and anti-wear rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are great challenges to fabricate a highly selective and sensitive enzyme‐free biomimetic sensor. Herein for the first time a unique nanostructure of porous molybdenum carbide impregnated in N‐doped carbon (p‐Mo2C/NC) is synthesized by using SiO2 nanocrystals‐templating method and is further used as an enzyme‐free electrochemical biosensor toward highly selective, sensitive detection of H2O2, of which the limit of detection, dynamic detection range and sensitivity accomplish as 0.22 μM, 0.05–4.5 mM and 577.14 μA mM−1 cm−2, respectively, and are much superior to the non‐porous molybdenum carbide impregnated in N‐doped carbon (Mo2C/NC). The sensor is also used to monitor H2O2 released from A549 living cells. This work holds a great promise to be used to monitor the presence of H2O2 in biological research while offering an important knowledge to design a highly selective and sensitive biomimetic sensor by synthesizing a porous catalyst to greatly improve the reaction surface area rather than conventionally only relying on dispersing the catalyst material into porous carbon substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure refinement is inherently integrative. The refinement incorporates a multitude of experimental data and minimizes the difference between observed and calculated values. Here, we review how the integrative use of non-NMR measurements, in particular, distance restraints from Förster resonance energy transfer and cross-linking coupled with mass spectrometry, can augment NMR depiction of protein structure and dynamics. Refinement against both NMR and non-NMR distance restraints helps to characterize the structures of high-molecular-weight proteins and protein complexes. When a protein fluctuates among multiple conformations at millisecond or a faster timescale, NMR signals from the different conformational states may coalesce into a single set of peaks. The integration of non-NMR distance restraints facilitates the deconvolution of NMR observables to state-specific restraints. Furthermore, the integrative use of fluorescence measurements, which provides an assessment of both length scale and timescale of protein dynamics simplifies protein ensemble structure refinement otherwise with NMR restraints alone and affords a more wholesome picture of protein dynamics. Together, distance measurements are intuitive and easy to implement by using an appropriate pseudoenergy function. Future development shall involve more accurate modeling of paramagnetic and fluorescent probes, incorporation of sparse restraints from new techniques, and characterization of protein structures in a complex cellular environment. Image 1 • NMR structure refinement is inherently integrative. • Refining against multiple distance restraints enables better structure depiction. • Protein dynamics can be uncovered from the discrepancy in distance restraints. • Single-molecule FRET helps to deconvolute ensemble-averaged NMR measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]